Biology Exam 3

Bone cells called __________ continually remodel bone.

osteocytes

Which of the following would describe an animal that lays eggs?

oviparous

Sharks that are __________ incubate their eggs in the uterus.

ovoviviparous

Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?

pelvis

The organizational unit of skeletal muscle tissue is the:

sarcomere.

Calcium ions are commonly stored in the __________ of the muscle cell.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue?

secretion

For gas exchange to occur quickly and efficiently, which type of epithelium must be present on all respiratory surfaces?

simple squamous epithelium

The adult form of which of the following animals is not capable of locomotion?

sponge

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

swim bladder

The fluid that provides lubrication for movable joints is called:

synovial fluid.

The primary problem animals faced in adapting to life on land was:

the dry atmosphere.

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their life cycle?

vertebrae

Does an insect have a skeleton? If so, what kind?

yes; exoskeleton

Prominent spines are found on __________ of the phylum Echinodermata.

Echinoidea

The two groups representing the "jawless" fishes are:

Myxini and Cephalospidomorphi.

A tissue is represented by a group of __________ adapted to carry out __________.

closely associated, similar cells; specific functions

Hair follicles and blood vessels are found in which layer of the skin?

dermis

The four basic animal tissues are:

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

The three main types of skeletons are hydrostatic skeletons, endoskeletons, and ____.

exoskeletons

The axial skeleton consists of all the following, except _______.

femur

The first function of feathers was most likely:

insulation.

For most reptiles, fertilization is __________ and they are __________.

internal; oviparous

A person with fair skin produces less __________ than a person with dark skin.

melanin

Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?

nervous

Marsupials include the:

opossum

Tissues associate to form:

organs

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

Amphibia

Which of the following statements about keratin is false?

It facilitates diffusion across the body surface.

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

Which of the following characteristics is used to characterize vertebrates?

a bony endoskeleton

In deuterostomes the first opening develops into the:

anus

Both smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers:

are under involuntary control.

Structure in the living world is organized at hierarchical levels. Which of the following choices lists several of these, from least inclusive to most inclusive (simple to complex)?

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

What type of cells line the lumen tube of the digestive tract?

columnar

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and __________, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and __________.

ctenophores; endoderm

Accumulation of __________ contributes to muscle fatigue.

lactic acid

Homeostatic mechanisms are processes that:

maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

A true body cavity completely surrounded by __________ is called a coelom.

mesoderm

The condition that is characterized by the wearing-down of joints due to insufficient cartilage repair is called:

osteoarthritis.

Which cells or cell components play an essential role in the clotting of blood?

platelets

When a muscle contracts, thick filaments slide along thin filaments, causing the entire _____ to decrease in length.

sarcomere

Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

skin

Which of the following is not an adaptation of reptiles for life in a terrestrial habitat?

vertebrate column

One difference between cardiac muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers is that cardiac muscle fibers:

branch and form complex networks, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.

Intercalated disks are gap junctions between cells of:

cardiac muscle tissue

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

Lungs absorb oxygen from inhaled air, and the small intestine move ingested material through the digestive tract and absorbs nutrients from ingested food. Which of the following statements describes the type of epithelium you would expect to line each of these surfaces?

The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium.

Arrange the events of muscular contraction in chronological order.

acetylcholine is released - T tubules are depolarized - calcium binds to troponin - ATP molecule is split - filaments slide - muscle shortens

A __________ plane divides the animal body into dorsal and ventral parts.

frontal