Biology Exam Chapter 4

Glyoxysomes play an important role in the germination of fat-storing seeds and are considered to be specialized A) peroxisomes. B) lysosomes. C) vacuoles. D) centrioles. E) ribosomes.

A) peroxisomes.

Membrane proteins may function in A) receiving extracellular signals. B) amphipathic modification. C) temperature control. D) protein manufacture. E) information storage.

A) receiving extracellular signals.

The methanobacteria, halobacteria, and sulfobacteria are included in which domain? A) Bacteria B) Protista C) Blue-green algae D) Archaea E) Eukarya

D) Archaea

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells? A) Food vacuole B) Centriole C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Central vacuole E) Mitochondrion

D) Central vacuole

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A) Endosome B) Lysosome C) Secretory vesicle D) Golgi apparatus E) Nucleus

D) Golgi apparatus

The size range of most plant and animal cells is A) 1—10 nm. B) 1—5 μm. C) 10—100 μm. D) 0.1—0.5 mm. E) 50—100 mm.

C) 10—100 μm.

Which of the following would be attributed to a peroxisomal dysfunction? A) Accumulation of N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase B) Accumulation of ganglioside GM2 C) Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids D) Accumulation of glucocerebroside E) Accumulation of complex sugars

C) Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids

Which of the following processes would be most likely to occur in the Golgi complex? A) Synthesis of steroids B) Production and packaging of lipids C) Glycosylation of proteins D) Synthesis of DNA E) Detoxification of drugs

C) Glycosylation of proteins

Kuru is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system believed to be caused by which type of agent? A) Virus B) Bacterium C) Prion D) Viroid E) Protozoan

C) Prion

In which of the following properties are the archaea more like eukaryotes than the bacteria? A) Size B) Microtubules and microfilaments C) Translation initiation D) Mode of cell division E) Both translation initiation and mode of cell division

C) Translation initiation

Which of the following is least likely to be part of a cell membrane? A) Peptidoglycans B) Phospholipids C) Glycoproteins D) Transport proteins E) Enzymes

A) Peptidoglycans

Which of the following is true of plant cells? A) Plant cells may contain chloroplasts. B) Plant cells are always much larger than animal cells. C) Chromosomes are found only in plant cells. D) Only plant cells have a cell membrane. E) The plant cell has no cell wall.

A) Plant cells may contain chloroplasts.

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system? A) Ribosome B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome E) Secretory vesicle

A) Ribosome

The extracellular matrix outside the plasma membrane of animal cells is typically composed of A) collagen and proteoglycans. B) lipids. C) cellulose. D) peptidoglycan. E) collagen, proteoglycans, lipids, and peptidoglycan

A) collagen and proteoglycans.

Eukaryotic cells are believed to have arisen A) from a symbiotic relationship between primitive nucleated cells and bacterial cells. B) from the fusion of multiple archaeal cells into a larger, more complex cell. C) independently from prokaryotic cells. D) by mutations that lead to changes in plasma membranes, leading to internal membrane-bound organelles. E) independently from prokaryotic cells by mutations that lead to changes in plasma membranes, leading to internal membrane-bound organelles.

A) from a symbiotic relationship between primitive nucleated cells and bacterial cells.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of A) lipids. B) polysaccharides. C) proteins. D) DNA. E) lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA.

A) lipids.

Which of the following is characteristic of eukaryotic cells? A) Binary fission B) Membrane-bounded nucleus C) Peptidoglycan cell wall D) 70S ribosomes E) Smaller than 5 µm in diameter

B) Membrane-bounded nucleus

Viroids differ from viruses in that they A) are acellular. B) lack capsid proteins. C) are self-replicating. D) have latent forms that exist in some genomes. E) are associated with plant diseases.

B) lack capsid proteins.

The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are A) the extracellular matrix and the cell wall. B) microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. C) the cytoplasm and cytosol. D) cleavage furrows and G-actin. E) proteoglycans and cellulose microfibrils.

B) microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Lignin is an important component in A) tight junctions. B) plant cell walls. C) fungal cell walls. D) plasmodesmata. E) bacterial cell walls.

B) plant cell walls.

The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the accumulation of A) hydrolases. B) very long chain fatty acids. C) peroxidases. D) ATP. E) pigments.

B) very long chain fatty acids.

Experiments by Stanley Miller in the 1950s demonstrated that the first organic molecules on earth A) were nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA. B) most likely formed in an extraterrestrial environment and were deposited on earth via asteroids. C) could have formed abiotically in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapor. D) were catalysts composed of simple amino acids. E) were catalysts composed of simple amino acids and most likely formed in an extraterrestrial environment and were deposited on earth via asteroids.

C) could have formed abiotically in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapor.

When the size of a cell increases, the surface area/volume ratio A) decreases initially and then begins to increase. B) remains the same. C) decreases. D) increases initially and then begins to decrease. E) increases.

C) decreases.

The chromoplast is an organelle associated with A) oxidation of sugars. B) synthesis of secretory proteins. C) plant pigment storage. D) ribosome production in primitive plants. E) storage of chromium.

C) plant pigment storage.

The cytosol is best described as the A) fluid within the nucleus. B) three-dimensional array of interconnected filaments. C) semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended. D) internal contents of organelles. E) area of the cell not occupied by the nucleus.

C) semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended.

Which sequence reflects the locations that a secretory protein will visit on its way from its production to its secretion outside the cell? A) Rough ER, secretory vesicle, Golgi complex, ER vesicle B) Rough ER, Golgi complex, smooth ER, ER vesicle C) Nucleus, Golgi complex, rough or smooth ER, secretory vesicle D) Smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle E) Rough ER, ER vesicle, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle

E) Rough ER, ER vesicle, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle

Some researchers have hypothesized that type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a mitochondrial defect. Which of the following would be the best way for them to study mitochondrial differences in fresh tissue samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice? A) Mitochondria could be identified and isolated from other cellular components using immunofluorescence microscopy in both tissues. B) Mitochondria are the only organelles that survive tissue homogenization, thus both tissues could be homogenized to study the mitochondria. C) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by using proteolytic enzymes to break down other cellular structures. D) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by fractionating tissue homogenate using differential centrifugation followed by density gradient centrifugation. E) Mitochondria cannot be separated from whole cells without damaging them.

D) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by fractionating tissue homogenate using differential centrifugation followed by density gradient centrifugation.

Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient bacteria. Which characteristics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time? A) An independent genome B) Ribosomes C) Phospholipid membranes D) Motility E) Ribosomes, phospholipid membranes, motility, and an independent genome

D) Motility

Viruses are composed of A) DNA and protein. B) only protein. C) RNA and lipid. D) nucleic acid and protein. E) only nucleic acid.

D) nucleic acid and protein.

Viruses are important in the study of cell biology because A) they cause disease. B) they are the simplest form of cellular life. C) they are used as model organisms to study molecular biology and genetics. D) they cause disease and are used as a model tool to study molecular biology and genetics. E) they are the simplest form of cellular life and are used as model organisms to study molecular biology and genetics.

D) they cause disease and are used as a model tool to study molecular biology and genetics.

Which of the following organelles has only a single membrane around it? A) Ribosome B) Nucleus C) Mitochondrion D) Chloroplast E) Peroxisome

E) Peroxisome

Prions are A) the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells. B) simple viruses composed of protein. C) primitive protein particles that are believed to be an ancient precursor of living cells. D) infectious circular RNA molecules that replicate in host cells. E) infectious misfolded proteins that cause normal protein molecules to misfold.

E) infectious misfolded proteins that cause normal protein molecules to misfold.

The main role of the central vacuole in plant cells is to A) store glycogen for seed growth. B) synthesize and store proteins. C) digest trapped food particles. D) catalyze photorespiration in association with chloroplasts. E) maintain turgor pressure in plant tissue.

E) maintain turgor pressure in plant tissue.