Biology FINAL

what is an allele?

a version of a gene

what type of organisms are single celled (unicellular)

bacteria, yeast, and many protozoans

Scientists at a major university are attempting to isolate the gene that slows the degeneration of collagen in skin. This is an example of what?

basic research

Once supported by a predictable experimental outcome, a scientific hypothesis??

still cannot be considered to have been proven true

an actively dividing cell has 6 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids are present within this cell at the end of the G2 phase?

12

On chromosomes within an indivudual, there are how many alleles?

2

a thoroughbred racehorse could have at most how many alleles of the same gene?

2

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have?

23

which molecule carries the most energy

ATP

what choice represents the genotype of an individual diploid organism?

BbCCdd

Living organisms maintain a constant internal environment by sensing and responding to their internal conditions. This stable maintenance of internal conditions is known as what

Homeostasis

What is likely to participate in ionic bonding?

Li+

Is it important for scientist to communicate their results to fellow scientists?

Yes, the quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input, further review and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field

Antibodies are an important class of human proteins that function in immune defense. If scientists fragmented antibodies under lab conditions, what chemical building blocks would recover?

amino acids

the G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by

an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis

which food is most likely to contain haploid cells?

an egg

a chemical reaction that uses ATP to building cellular component is

anabolic

a pharmaceutical company conducts trials on animals and cell lines to determine the safety of a new vaccine before performing clinical trials on adult human volunteers. this is an example of what

applied research

the process of mitosis is thought to have evolved from binary fission. What simarilities exist between the processes?

both processes include DNA segregation

what is the difference between binary fission and mitosis?

breakdown of the nuclear envelope

What characteristics of living organisms are present in viruses?

can evolve as groups

what would be the initial outcome of decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide levels would increase

the enzyme rubisco is important to the process of

carbon fixation

if two different alleles for the same trait have an equal effect on the phenotype, the alleles are?

codominant

A small potentially living object was found, for this object to be considered alive, the object must what?

contain one or more cells

which of the following did mendel use to help him form the law of independent assortment?

dihybrid crosses between pea plants

which is true of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?

each of these molecules is built from a common set of monomers

What is part of accepted cell theory?

every living organism is composed of one or more cels, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells

The human heart pumps blood throughout the blood vessels in the body. This is a scientific what?

fact

what is not true regarding genes?

genes are found as single copies in cells other than sperm or egg

mutations will affect the what?

genotype, which may affect the phenotype

If birds that are homozygous for one allele are black and birds that are homozygous for the other allele are white, then heterozygous birds would be?

gray

Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and controllably. Thus, cancer cells?

have relatively short G1 phase

On a chromosome within an individual there are 2 alleles for a given gene found on what type of chromosome?

homologous

after an enzyme catalyzes a reaction there is an ____ in the concentration of ____

increases products

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartment are manufactered

mendels law of segregation and independent assortment both have their biological basis in events that take place during?

meiosis

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are held together by chemical bonds to form what out of sugar?

molecules

For an organism when attempting to predict the inheritance pattern for a trait, such as hair color, in offspring?

no; knowing the genotype will indicate the phenotype

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are which building blocks for DNA

nucleotide

what example accurately describes crossing over?

paternal chromosome 7 exchanges segments of DNA with maternal chromosome 7

Liposomes form spontaneously from what and are important because why?

phospholipid bilayers; they provide a barrier between an external environment and internal environment

living cells have an intact phospholipid bilayer that separates the cell from its external environment; this structure is commonly referred to as what?

plasma membrane

the sex of a human child is determined by the what?

presence or absence of the Y chromosome

a protein molecule, tranferrin, embedded in the plasma membrane recognizes iron molecules and causes the plasma membrane to fold in around the iron and take it into the cell. This is an example of what?

receptor mediated endocytosis

one chromosomal abnormality that is usually fatal is

the addition of an extra autosomal chromosome

what pieces of evidence would best demonstrate that a bacterium found on an asteroid originated in outer space?

the presence of right handed amino acids in the bacterium's proteins

Autosomal dominant diseases are exhibited by anyone who carries at least one dominant allele for that gene. How is it that dominant lethal genes, such as the one that causes huntington disease, can persist in a population?

these diseases usually take effect later in life after people have had children

What is correct about hydrogen bonds?

they form due to partial positive and partial negative charges on atoms

the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane can be increased with help from what type of proteins?

transport proteins, channel proteins, and passive carriers