Biology: God's Living Creation ch. 8
How many pairs are there of cranial nerves?
12
How many pairs are there of spinal nerves?
31
What is a state of prolonged unconsciousness?
A coma
What is the wave of electrical activity down an axon?
Action potential
What is one of the most common mental disorders in the elderly that is a disturbance of the brain caused by physical illness elsewhere?
Acute confusion
What is one of the most commonly abused drugs in today's world that acts as a depressant?
Alcohol
What disease causes physical and intellectual disablement?
Alzheimer's disease
What is loss of memory called?
Amnesia
What kind of disorder is caused by death of brain cells because artery blockage stops blood flow?
Arteriosclerotic dementia
What is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs?
Autonomic nervous system
What is a long extension of a neuron that relays nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons?
Axon
What philosophy is that a person's actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli?
Behaviorism
What are the tightly sealed capillary walls which protect the CNS from being permanently damaged each time you get sick?
Blood-brain barrier
What is located between the cerebrum and spinal cord?
Brain stem
Where are nerve cell bodies only found?
Brain, spinal cord, and ganglia
What is the mass of nerve fibers by which two hemispheres communicate?
Callosum
What part of the neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cell's cytoplasm?
Cell body
What branch of the nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord?
Central nervous system
What are the two branches of the nervous system?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What is the second largest brain region that functions primarily to coordinate skeletal muscle activity?
Cerebellum
What is the outer layer of the cerebrum?
Cerebral cortex
What is damage to the cerebral motor area called?
Cerebral palsy
What is the clear fluid that circulates through the fibers of the arachnoid mater, serving to cushion the brain when you bump your head?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the largest part of the brain and is the physical organ that helps in the areas of consciousness, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence?
Cerebrum
What are the 3 parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
What is a period of paralysis of the CNS accompanies by a short period of unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head?
Concussion
What nerves branch directly from the brain stem and transmit nerve signals to and from the eyes, ears, mouth, face, and scalp?
Cranial nerves
What is a short, branched extension of the cell that receives nerve impulses from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body?
Dendrite
What is the common neurological disorder in which neurons repeatedly fire?
Epilepsy
What is the forward portion of the cerebrum associated with personality, judgement, and self-control?
Frontal lobes
What are the masses of cell bodies?
Ganglia
What kind of cells support and insulate nerve tissue?
Glial cells
What are the two basic kinds of cells in the brain and spinal cord?
Glial cells and neurons
What consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons and is gray because the cell bodies lack myelin?
Gray matter
What are the two halves of the cerebrum?
Hemispheres
What is the control unit for the body's automatic systems, and is responsible for the physical effects of emotions?
Hypothalamus
What neurons, only found in the CNS, relays signals between neurons or groups of neurons and are responsible for the processing of information by the brain?
Interneurons
What hemisphere of the cerebrum seems to specialize in details, known procedures, and formal logic?
Left
What are the complex brain structures lying clustered around the brain stem at the core of the brain, surrounded by the cerebrum?
Limbic system
What are the various regions of the cerebrum?
Lobes
What is the triple layer of protective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
What disease occurs when invading microorganisms enter the nerve tissue and infect the meninges?
Meningitis
What part of the brain stem helps coordinate the movements of both eyes?
Midbrain
What are nerves that contain both sensory and motor nerve fibers?
Mixed nerves
What is the rear portion of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles?
Motor area
What kind of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to produce actions in muscles and organs?
Motor nerve fibers
What are the neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to the other parts of the body?
Motor neurons
What disease affects the brain and spinal cord when the immune system attacks the glial cells that provide myelin sheaths?
Multiple sclerosis
What is the white covering of the cells?
Myelin
What is a group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord?
Nerve center
What are bundles of nerve fibers branching form the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body?
Nerves
What is the degeneration and inflammation of nerves?
Neuritis
What is a biologist that studies the nervous system?
Neurobiologist
What is a physician who specializes in disorders of the nervous system?
Neurologist
What kind of cells are the actual nerve cells?
Neurons
What is the chemical released into the synapse?
Neurotransmitter
What is the lowest part of the brains stem that regulates breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, swallowing, and sneezing?
Oblongota
What part of the brain interprets vision?
Occipital lobes
What is the inability of the muscles to move?
Paralysis
What division of the autonomic nervous system that acts as a balance to the other division to slow down after an emergency?
Parasympathetic division
What are located behind the front lobe that analyze the senses on their respective sides of the body to allow feeling of temperature, pressure, and pain, and texture judgement?
Parietal lobes
What disease affects the control of posture and movement?
Parkinson's disease
What is the branch of the nervous system that consists of nerves?
Peripheral nervous system
What is the large nerve mass formed of ganglia?
Plexus
What is a serious viral disease that attacks the spinal cord?
Poliomyelitis
What part of the brain stem links the cerebrum with the cerebellum that regulates breathing and coordinates some eye movements and facial expressions?
Pons
What is the period of sleep in which closed eyes show movement?
REM sleep
What is the simplest nerve pathway?
Reflex arc
What is the intricate network of neurons that is the "master switch" of the cerebrum?
Reticular formation
What hemisphere of the cerebrum seems to specialize in the "big picture," creativity, and intuitive approaches to problems?
Right
What are the special glial cells which produce layers of myelin sheathing?
Schwann cells
What is a condition characterized by pain in the lower back and back of the thigh caused by a pinching in the spinal cord?
Sciatica
What is the slow process of natural cell loss that results in a disorder?
Senile dementia
What is hearing loss called?
Sensorineural deafness
What kind of nerve fibers carry impulses from light, taste, sound, touch, and pain from other parts of the body to the spinal cord and brain for analysis?
Sensory nerve fibers
What are neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as transmit pain signals?
Sensory neurons
What is the thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity?
Spinal cord
What nerves transmit nerve signals to and from the rest of the body from the spinal cord?
Spinal nerves
What is the most common serious injury of the nervous system that is also a leading cause of death throughout the world?
Stroke
What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What division of the autonomic nervous system responds to your needs during increased activity and emergency situations?
Sympathetic division
What is an enclosed junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell?
Synapse
What are the lobes located on either side of the brain associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell?
Temporal lobes
What is the disease that makes the jaw difficult to open?
Tetanus
What is the uppermost end of the brain stem that acts like a switchboard?
Thalamus
What is the principal organ of the nervous system?
The brain
What is composed of axons and glial cells covered by myelin?
White matter
What is the simplest act of the nervous system and is a quick, automatic response?
reflex