biology H chpt 4 study

In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, a. CO2 enters the Calvin cycle and sugars are made. b. H2O is broken down and oxygen is released. c. NADPH is produced and transferred to photosystem I. d. electrons are energized and used to pump H + ions

a. CO2

In the electron transport chain, energy from the Krebs cycle is used to pump hydrogen ions a. across the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. through the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix. c. along a concentration gradient in the thylakoid. d. along the thylakoid membrane

a. across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need a. carbon dioxide. b. oxygen. c. water. d. cellulose.

a. carbon dioxide.

Which of the following types of organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs? a. eukaryotes b. plants only c. animals only d. prokaryotes

a. eukaryotes

Energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it a. has a phosphate group removed. b. stores an extra phosphate group. c. converts a phosphate group to ADP. d. produces a sugar molecule.

a. has a phosphate group removed.

Which phrase about fermentation is correct? a. takes place without oxygen b. uses electron transport chain c. only occurs in bacteria d. is an aerobic process

a. takes place without oxygen

Two products of the Krebs cycle are a. H2O and CO2 . b. ATP and CO2 . c. ATP and O2 . d. ADP and H2O.

b. ATP and CO2 .

Which of the following takes place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? a. Sugars are made. b. Energy is captured. c. Chlorophyll is pumped. d. CO2 is formed.

b. Energy is captured.

The function of the light-dependent reactions is to a. build sugars. b. capture and transfer energy. c. release carbon dioxide. d. form water molecules.

b. capture and transfer energy.

Which end product of alcoholic fermentation is important in the baking industry? a. lactic acid b. carbon dioxide c. ATP molecules d. alcohol

b. carbon dioxide

Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule? a. stores energy b. carries energy c. absorbs energy d. converts energy

b. carries energy

Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present? a. anaerobic respiration b. cellular respiration c. glycolysis d. photosynthesis

b. cellular respiration

What is the term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy? a. decomposer b. producer c. chloroplast d. protist

b. producer

What is the function of oxygen in cellular respiration? a. to deliver hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain b. to pick up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain c. to provide oxygen for the production of carbon dioxide d. to give a source of energy to the Krebs cycle

b. to pick up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration? a. Sunlight and carbon dioxide are used to make ATP. b. ATP and oxygen are used to make sugars and starches. c. Carbon-based molecules from food and oxygen are used to make ATP. d. ATP and carbon dioxide are used to make ADP and water.

c. Carbon-based molecules from food and oxygen are used to make ATP.

What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle? a. The photosystems produce ATP synthase for the Calvin cycle. b. The photosystems transfer hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle. c. The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH. d. The photosystems build sugars with the carbon dioxide produced by the Calvin cycle.

c. The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH.

Why does a runner breathe hard for a few minutes after finishing a race? a. The runner's cells need oxygen to make lactic acid. b. The runner's cells continue the fermentation process. c. The runner's cells are making up for an oxygen deficit d. The runner's cells cannot perform glycolysis

c. The runner's cells are making up for an oxygen deficit

Which of the following statements is true for all cells? a. They use solar energy. b. They use photosynthesis. c. They use chemical energy. d. They use chemosynthesis.

c. They use chemical energy.

Which phrase best describes the electron transport chain in photosynthesis? a. a chain of photosynthetic proteins located in the stroma b. a collection of enzymes used to make ADP c. a series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane d. a group of enzymes that carries energy to the Calvin cycle

c. a series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane

Which phrase best describes the main role of fermentation? a. converts glucose into pyruvate and NADH b. produces lactic acid to counteract an oxygen deficit c. allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of ATP d. allowing anaerobic production of ADP

c. allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of ATP

Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis? a. sunlight b. heat from hydrothermal vents c. chemical compounds d. amino acids

c. chemical compounds

The main light-absorbing molecules found in plant leaves are called a. chloroplasts. b. thylakoids c. chlorophyll. d. grana.

c. chlorophyll.

What is the main function of the Krebs cycle? a. breaking down pyruvate molecules to form molecules of NADH and oxygen b. forming citric acid to make NADH, water, and CO2 c. producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain d. bonding coenzyme A to pyruvate

c. producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis? a. Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars. b. Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane. c. Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide. d. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy

d. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy

What provides the electron transport chain in cellular respiration with the energy it needs to function? a. ATP synthase b. glycolysis c. chlorophyll d. Krebs cycle

d. Krebs cycle

The part of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down is called a. photosynthesis. b. aerobic respiration. c. electron transport. d. glycolysis.

d. glycolysis.

Which end product of fermentation causes the burning feeling in muscles that are working hard? a. carbon dioxide b. pyruvate c. alcohol d. lactic acid

d. lactic acid

Which of the following are end products of glycolysis? a. two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+ b. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP c. NAD+ , oxygen, and two ATP molecules d. pyruvate, NADH, and ATP

d. pyruvate, NADH, and ATP

Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from? a. the conversion of ATP to ADP b. the use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars c. the addition of a phosphate group to ATP d. the breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules

d. the breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules

Where do the hydrogen ions for the photosystems of the light-dependent reactions come from? a. sugars b. sunlight c. acids d. water

d. water