Biology Honors - Respiratory and Excretory Systems Test Review

the kidneys perform two functions / what are they

1. Excrete most of the urea 2. Control the concentration of most of the constituents of the body fluids

What is RESPIRATION

The process of cellular respiration and gas exchange breathing

what is GOUT

a disease associated with uric acid production and its deposition in the joints resulting in arthiritic- like attacks

what is the liver ?

a large multi purposed organ

What is urea?

a waste product that occurs due to the result of amino acid deamination

Each bronchus subdivides into

smaller bronchioles

The diagram below shows a structure of human skin. What does structure X represent ?

sweat gland

the diagram below illustrates some structures of the skin. A substance that blocks structure A would directly interfere with

temperature regulation

what is the primary function of perspiration

temperature regulation

the liver is involved in

the breakdown of red blood cells

bronchioles terminate with the

alveoli

the lungs are highly

elastic

what does sweat consist of

98% water and 2% of salts and urea

which structure shown in the diagram below contracts, causing a pressure change in the chest cavity during breathing ?

D

Lungs respond passively to the actions of the

DIAPHRAGM and RIB CAGE

what is involved in the human urinary system ?

KIDNEYS, URETER, URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA

under conditions of oxygen deprivation, muscle cells respire anaerobically and what is produced ?

LACTIC ACID

the functional organization of the Human excretory system:

LUNGS, LIVER, UREA, SWEAT GLANDS OF THE SKIN, PERSPIRATION, SWEAT

What cleans the air

TRACHEA

letter A indicates a structure known as

a Bowman's capsule

emphysema

a change in the structure of the lung characterized by enlargement and degeneration of the alveoli resulting in decreased lung capacity

when does the evaporation of sweat occur ?

when heat is absorbed from skin cells

When humans exhale, air passes from the trachea directly into the

pharynx

In vertebrates, organs adapted for respiratory gas exchange are characterized by the

presence of many capillaries

movements of the diaphragm and rib cage cause

pressure changes in the chest cavity which move air into or out of the lungs (this is breathing)

the liver plays a part of the

production of urea

Letter B indicates structure that function in the

reabsorption of water,minerals and digestive end products

the breathing rate is regulated by the concentration of

CO2 in the blood and its effect on the medulla of the brain (FEEDBACK MECHANISM)

NASAL CAVITY is lined with

a ciliated mucous membrane

carbon dioxide in the blood (as a result of aerobic respiration) is carried in the plasma of the blood in the form of the

BICARBONATE ION

EPIGLOTTIS is located

In the pharynx

in blood, oxygen is carried by the red blood cell as

OXYHEMOGLOBIN

In humans, what happens when the breathing rate increases?

additional oxygen will diffuse into the blood as carbon dioxide diffuses out the blood in the lungs

in humans the process of cellular respiration is essential the same as that of other

aerobic organisms

Which part of the human respiratory system is a thin moist membranous structure where gas exchange occurs ?

alveolus

asthma

an allergic response characterized by construction of the bronchial tubes

What is the pharynx

an area where the oral cavity and nasal cavity meet

what is KIDNEY DISEASE ?

any malfunction associated with the kidney or the nephron

an allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of the bronchial tube is known as

asthma

where do veins carry blood

away from the kidney's

What is deamination?

breakdown of amino acids

which part of the human respiratory system is correctly paired with a description of its structure ?

bronchiole - small branching tubule lacking cartilaginous rings

Alveoli's are thin, moist and surrounded by what ?

capillaries

What are the waste products of respiration?

carbon dioxide and water

Bronchioles are lined with mucous membrane but do NOT have what ?

cartilage rings to keep them open

the cellular process which uses oxygen and sugar to produce energy is called

cellular respiration

which disease is linked to smoking and results in a reduction in the number and elasticity of the alveoli ?

emphysema

In humans, which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?

epiglottis

What are nephrons involved in

filtration and reabsorption

What are alveoli?

function units of gas exchange

the capillaries that surround the alveoli are involved in

gas exchange between the blood and the alveoli

temperature regulation is an example of

homeostasis and defect mechanism

perspiration is only

incidentally excretory

bronchitis

inflammation of the membrane of the bronchial tubes

Which statement best describes the human respiratory system ?

it is composed of a network of moist passageways that permit air to flow from the external environment into the lungs

Which statement best describes the structure indicated with the letter X in the diagram below ?

it is lined with a mucous membrane that filters, moistens and warms the air

what is the main function of a nephron ?

it regulates the chemical composition of the blood

in humans, the ureter transports urine from the

kidney to the urinary bladder

which sequence represents the correct pathway for the removal of urine in the human body ?

kidney → ureter →bladder → urethra

Which human excretory organ breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea?

liver

what does the absorption of heat do to a person's body temperature ?

lowers body temperature

each bronchus extends into a

lung

What do lungs diffuse ?

lungs diffuse from the blood into the alveoli

there are many organs involved in the removal of what in humans

metabolic waste

each bronchus is lined with

mucous and ringed with cartilage

The NASAL CAVITY is exposed to the air through the

nostrils

What does the respiratory system consist of

of other between the NASAL CAVITY to the warms PHARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES, ALVEOLI, LUNGS

water salts and some urea are subsequently excreted as

perspiration

what is the main function of gas exchange ?

to remove carbon dioxide and supply oxygen to the body

where do arteries bring blood

to the kidneys

Which respiratory structure is supported by rings of cartilage ?

trachea

Which structure in humans is lined with ciliated mucous membrane, is supported by cartilaginous rings, and functions as a passageway for air ?

trachea

Which sequence correctly indicates the branching pattern of the human respiratory system ?

trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

the function of the human respiratory system is to

transport gasses between the external environment and the internal gas exchange surfaces

How many subdivisons of the trachea did the bronchi have ?

two subdivisions of the trachea ( left and right )

Urine leaves the bladder through the

urethra

urine is excreted from the bladder through the

urethra

In humans, gout is caused by excess production and deposition of

uric acid

after reabsorption, the fluid that remains in the tubule is

urine

what does urinary bladder store ?

urine

what happens in the ureter ?

urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder

as these materials move through the tubule of the nephron, what are reabsorbed by active transport into capillaries associated with the tubule

water, minerals and digestive end products

what diffuse from the blood into the sweat glands

water, salts and some urea

what are filtered from the glomerulus into the cuplike bowman's capsule

water, salts, urea, amino acids and glucose