Biology Honors - Respiratory and Excretory Systems Test Review
the kidneys perform two functions / what are they
1. Excrete most of the urea 2. Control the concentration of most of the constituents of the body fluids
What is RESPIRATION
The process of cellular respiration and gas exchange breathing
what is GOUT
a disease associated with uric acid production and its deposition in the joints resulting in arthiritic- like attacks
what is the liver ?
a large multi purposed organ
What is urea?
a waste product that occurs due to the result of amino acid deamination
Each bronchus subdivides into
smaller bronchioles
The diagram below shows a structure of human skin. What does structure X represent ?
sweat gland
the diagram below illustrates some structures of the skin. A substance that blocks structure A would directly interfere with
temperature regulation
what is the primary function of perspiration
temperature regulation
the liver is involved in
the breakdown of red blood cells
bronchioles terminate with the
alveoli
the lungs are highly
elastic
what does sweat consist of
98% water and 2% of salts and urea
which structure shown in the diagram below contracts, causing a pressure change in the chest cavity during breathing ?
D
Lungs respond passively to the actions of the
DIAPHRAGM and RIB CAGE
what is involved in the human urinary system ?
KIDNEYS, URETER, URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA
under conditions of oxygen deprivation, muscle cells respire anaerobically and what is produced ?
LACTIC ACID
the functional organization of the Human excretory system:
LUNGS, LIVER, UREA, SWEAT GLANDS OF THE SKIN, PERSPIRATION, SWEAT
What cleans the air
TRACHEA
letter A indicates a structure known as
a Bowman's capsule
emphysema
a change in the structure of the lung characterized by enlargement and degeneration of the alveoli resulting in decreased lung capacity
when does the evaporation of sweat occur ?
when heat is absorbed from skin cells
When humans exhale, air passes from the trachea directly into the
pharynx
In vertebrates, organs adapted for respiratory gas exchange are characterized by the
presence of many capillaries
movements of the diaphragm and rib cage cause
pressure changes in the chest cavity which move air into or out of the lungs (this is breathing)
the liver plays a part of the
production of urea
Letter B indicates structure that function in the
reabsorption of water,minerals and digestive end products
the breathing rate is regulated by the concentration of
CO2 in the blood and its effect on the medulla of the brain (FEEDBACK MECHANISM)
NASAL CAVITY is lined with
a ciliated mucous membrane
carbon dioxide in the blood (as a result of aerobic respiration) is carried in the plasma of the blood in the form of the
BICARBONATE ION
EPIGLOTTIS is located
In the pharynx
in blood, oxygen is carried by the red blood cell as
OXYHEMOGLOBIN
In humans, what happens when the breathing rate increases?
additional oxygen will diffuse into the blood as carbon dioxide diffuses out the blood in the lungs
in humans the process of cellular respiration is essential the same as that of other
aerobic organisms
Which part of the human respiratory system is a thin moist membranous structure where gas exchange occurs ?
alveolus
asthma
an allergic response characterized by construction of the bronchial tubes
What is the pharynx
an area where the oral cavity and nasal cavity meet
what is KIDNEY DISEASE ?
any malfunction associated with the kidney or the nephron
an allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of the bronchial tube is known as
asthma
where do veins carry blood
away from the kidney's
What is deamination?
breakdown of amino acids
which part of the human respiratory system is correctly paired with a description of its structure ?
bronchiole - small branching tubule lacking cartilaginous rings
Alveoli's are thin, moist and surrounded by what ?
capillaries
What are the waste products of respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
Bronchioles are lined with mucous membrane but do NOT have what ?
cartilage rings to keep them open
the cellular process which uses oxygen and sugar to produce energy is called
cellular respiration
which disease is linked to smoking and results in a reduction in the number and elasticity of the alveoli ?
emphysema
In humans, which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
epiglottis
What are nephrons involved in
filtration and reabsorption
What are alveoli?
function units of gas exchange
the capillaries that surround the alveoli are involved in
gas exchange between the blood and the alveoli
temperature regulation is an example of
homeostasis and defect mechanism
perspiration is only
incidentally excretory
bronchitis
inflammation of the membrane of the bronchial tubes
Which statement best describes the human respiratory system ?
it is composed of a network of moist passageways that permit air to flow from the external environment into the lungs
Which statement best describes the structure indicated with the letter X in the diagram below ?
it is lined with a mucous membrane that filters, moistens and warms the air
what is the main function of a nephron ?
it regulates the chemical composition of the blood
in humans, the ureter transports urine from the
kidney to the urinary bladder
which sequence represents the correct pathway for the removal of urine in the human body ?
kidney → ureter →bladder → urethra
Which human excretory organ breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea?
liver
what does the absorption of heat do to a person's body temperature ?
lowers body temperature
each bronchus extends into a
lung
What do lungs diffuse ?
lungs diffuse from the blood into the alveoli
there are many organs involved in the removal of what in humans
metabolic waste
each bronchus is lined with
mucous and ringed with cartilage
The NASAL CAVITY is exposed to the air through the
nostrils
What does the respiratory system consist of
of other between the NASAL CAVITY to the warms PHARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES, ALVEOLI, LUNGS
water salts and some urea are subsequently excreted as
perspiration
what is the main function of gas exchange ?
to remove carbon dioxide and supply oxygen to the body
where do arteries bring blood
to the kidneys
Which respiratory structure is supported by rings of cartilage ?
trachea
Which structure in humans is lined with ciliated mucous membrane, is supported by cartilaginous rings, and functions as a passageway for air ?
trachea
Which sequence correctly indicates the branching pattern of the human respiratory system ?
trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
the function of the human respiratory system is to
transport gasses between the external environment and the internal gas exchange surfaces
How many subdivisons of the trachea did the bronchi have ?
two subdivisions of the trachea ( left and right )
Urine leaves the bladder through the
urethra
urine is excreted from the bladder through the
urethra
In humans, gout is caused by excess production and deposition of
uric acid
after reabsorption, the fluid that remains in the tubule is
urine
what does urinary bladder store ?
urine
what happens in the ureter ?
urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder
as these materials move through the tubule of the nephron, what are reabsorbed by active transport into capillaries associated with the tubule
water, minerals and digestive end products
what diffuse from the blood into the sweat glands
water, salts and some urea
what are filtered from the glomerulus into the cuplike bowman's capsule
water, salts, urea, amino acids and glucose