Biology H/W Ch 29: Seedless plants

On this generalized life cycle of a fern plant, the sporophyte is indicated by letter ______ and the gametophyte is indicated by letter ______.

B, D

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the ______.

Bryophytes

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing ____.

Cyanobacteria

Select all true statements about lycophytes.

Despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues. In lycophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant.

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

Diploid embryos. Multicellular sporophytes. Multicellular gametophytes.

Select all features of liverworts.

Gametophytes have rhizoids. They may be leafy or lobed.

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

Less water availability in a terrestrial environment. Higher levels of UV light on land

Two types of leaves are found in vascular plants: small leaves supported by a single vein called _____ , and true leaves, also known as _____.

Lycophylls, euphylls

Select all types of leaves found in vascular plants.

Lycophylls. Euphylls

Select all true statements about hornworts.

Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants. Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. Their sporophytes have stomata.

Select all features of mosses.

Rhizoids do not absorb as well as a vascular plant root. They use rhizoids to anchor themselves.

What structure functions both in support of the plant and transport of water and nutrients in tracheophytes?

Roots

Select the three clades of vascular plants that exist today.

Seed plants. Lycophytes. Pterophytes.

Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?

The ability to photosynthesize. Multicellular haploid and diploid generations. Diploid embyros.

Select the main evolutionary innovation that helped the tracheophytes to become dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems.

The development of vascular tissue

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.

The presence of specialized water transporting tissues. The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces. The presence of stomata for gas exchange.

Select all features of horsetails.

Their stems are hollow. They have jointed stems.

Select all true statements about whisk fern sporophytes.

They are photosynthetic (green). They lack true leaves.

Select all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns.

They form antheridia and archegonia. They require free water for fertilization.

Select all adaptive features of seeds.

They protect the embryo. They nourish the embryo.

Select all functions of roots.

Transport of water Plant support

The sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?

Whisk Ferns

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is ______.

a cuticle on exposed surfaces

In mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophyte) generation occupies Blank______.

a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required ______.

better water loss management

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes are characteristic of ______.

bryophytes

The _____, also known as nontracheophytes, are the closest living descendants of the first land plants.

bryophytes

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing _____.

cyanobacteria

A common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with _____ ; for that reason, those plants require free water for _______.

flagella, fertilization

Bryophyte have small, green ___ that are specialized for light capture and photosynthesis.

gametophytes

A typical land plant has a(n) _____ life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

haplodiplontic

A plant is said to be ____ if all of its spores are similar in appearance.

homosporous

Plants that produce one spore type are called ______.

homosporous

The ____ are seedless vascular plants with hollow, jointed stems.

horsetails

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have ______.

multicellular haploid and diploid stages

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is ______.

photosynthetic and free-living

Mosses differ from other bryophytes because their gametophytes ______.

produce structures that look like leaves and stems

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes ______.

produce vascular tissue

Seeds are very resistant structures, that can ____ and nourish the young _____.

protect, embryo

The three clades of vascular plants are the lycophytes, the pterophytes, and the _____ plants

seed

Liverworts reproduce through ______.

sexual and asexual means

During the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first?

stems

The earliest vascular plants had ______.

stems but not roots.

Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce ______.

vascular tissue