Biology Mid-Term Flashcards vS
Which of the following cannot be found in a virus? A. DNA B. proteins C. RNA D. nucleus
nucleus
The placenta allows ________ to flow from the mother to the fetus and _______ to flow from the fetus to the mother.
nutrients; wastes
Mutations can occur
on genes and chromosomes
A researcher plotting the size of a population over time notices a J-shaped curve. Which of the following is likely true?
This area provides many food resources for this population.
In an ectopic pregnancy, the embryo implants in the fallopian tube. In a normal pregnancy, the embryo should implant in the __________.
uterus
Suppose that you stayed in the bathtub too long, causing your hands and feet to look wrinkled. What kind of passive cell transport causes this effect? A. osmosis B. diffusion C. facilitated diffusion D. exocytosis
osmosis
Which of the following is not a primary shape of a virus? A. helical B. complex C. icosahedral D. ovoid
ovoid
What is the role of ATP in the process of active transport?
It provides the energy that cells need to move molecules against a concentration gradient.
What is the role of ATP in the process of active transport? A. It provides the energy that cells need to move molecules against a concentration gradient. B. It lengthens the fatty acid chains in the membrane. C. It weakens the membrane, allowing molecules to pass through more easily. D. It provides the energy to transport the cell in its environment.
It provides the energy that cells need to move molecules against a concentration gradient.
An organism uses the energy from food to travel across the forest. This is an example of conversion from
chemical energy to kinetic energy
Wood is burned to heat a house. This is an example of the conversion of
chemical energy to thermal energy
In eukaryotic cells, chromatin is packaged in what structures? A. chromosomes B. microtubules C. plasmids D. spindles
chromosomes
Viruses do not have ribosomes, therefore they cannot make ________ on their own. A. proteins B. ATP C. glucose D. ADP
proteins
The energy lost during the electron transport chain is used to
pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane
A protein is incorrectly built as a chain of only one type of amino acid, leucine. What is a likely cause of this error?
tRNA is damaged
Which of the following pairings is correct?
tRNA: anticodon matching
What phase of mitosis occurs when the nuclear membrane forms and the cell divides?
telophase
Suppose a plant is placed in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Which stage of photosynthesis will this affect?
the Calvin cycle
The process of oogenesis in a female is analogous to ________ in a male. A. gastrulation B. fertilization C. regeneration D. spermatogenesis
spermatogenesis
In the mouth, amylase breaks down:
starch into sugars
Which of the following is NOT true of carbon and water?
both are primarily cycled by living things
What is bilateral symmetry?
body features are mirrored across a center line
A student claims that a cytoskeleton is a structure unique to animal cells whose sole responsibility is giving the cell its shape. Why is this statement incorrect? A. cytoskeletons are found in all cells B. cytoskeletons are also involved in cell division C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
both A and B
Pollen must fertilize the _____ for a seed to form.
ovule
The genes for capsid proteins are
part of the viral genetic material
Which process distinguishes producers from consumers?
photosynthesis
The movement of water through a plant's stem is most like
water moving up through a straw
Which is the largest animal phylum?
Arthropoda
The electrons in a nonpolar covalent bond are
shared equally
In which of the following situations might a doctor recommend a C-section?
Both situations
The sex genotype of a male patient with Klinefelter syndrome must be A. XYY B. XXY C. YY D. XXX
XXY
All of the following are major glands of the endocrine system except
liver
The process of labor includes
the movement of the baby out of the uterus
Sugars are transported
in the phloem
Gabriela is staying away from school because of a bad cold. Her adaptive immune system is defending her body against the invading virus. The first line of defense is cells called macrophages, which attack viral particles. The cells eliminate viral particles via a process called endocytosis. Arrange the steps of endocytosis in a logical order. A. pH within vesicle is lowered B. Phagosome within the cytoplasm encloses the viral particle C. Cell membrane curves around toward the cell's interior D. Cell surface receptors bind to the viral particle E. Viral particle breaks apart F. Cell recognizes the viral particle as foreign material G. Lysosome fuses with the phagosome H. Viral particle is surrounded by the cell membrane
1. Cell recognizes the viral particle as foreign material 2. Cell surface receptors bind to the viral particle 3. Cell membrane curves around toward the cell's interior 4 .Viral particle is surrounded by the cell membrane 5. Phagosome within the cytoplasm encloses the viral particle 6. Lysosome fuses with the phagosome 7. pH within vesicle is lowered 8. Viral particle is surrounded by the cell membrane
Organize the steps in the life-cycle of a bacteriophage, beginning with the initial step of cell infection. The cell lyses and releases viral particles Proteins are synthesized Virus enters the virion state Viral particles are made Cell surface attachment DNA replication DNA enters host cell
1. Cell surface attachment 2. DNA enters host cell 3. DNA replication 4. Proteins are synthesized 5. Viral particles are made 6. The cell lyses and releases viral particles 7. Virus enters the virion state
In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green peas (y). A pea plant with the genotype RrYy is crossed with a pea plant with the genotype rrYy. The results of the cross are shown below. What is the probability that the offspring will have wrinkled green peas?
1/8
A student listed the following characteristics of a hydronium ion: 1) is attracted to negatively charged ions, 2) contains two hydrogen atoms, 3) contains one oxygen atom, 4) is formed as a result of the dissociation of an H2O molecule. Which statement is incorrect?
2
In the glycolysis pathway, what is one molecule of glucose converted into?
2 molecules each of pyruvate and ATP
The skin cell of a dolphin contains 44 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a sperm cell of a dolphin have? A. 11 B. 22 C. 44 D. 88
22
A somatic cell of a ferret contains 40 chromosomes. How many will it have after mitosis?
40
A somatic cell of a ferret contains 40 chromosomes. How many will it have after mitosis? A. 20 B. 40 C. 80 D. depends on if it undergoes mitosis or meiosis
40
What is the ratio of sperm cells generated to egg cells generated for every germ cell that undergoes meiosis? A. 1:1 B. 1:2 C. 4:1 D. millions:1
4:1
The diagram shows a dihybrid cross of two bean plants. Yellow (Y) is the dominant flower color and smooth (S) is the dominant leaf texture. According to the diagram, what are the chances that the offspring will have smooth leaves?
75 percent
Write the correct organelle name in the table below for the labeled cell parts in the diagram.
A mitochondria B lysosome C nucleus D rough ER E smooth ER F Golgi body G Nucleolus
In which of these situations could you conclude that cancer cells have invaded other tissues?
A patient is found to have a tumor in the lungs that is composed of breast cells.
Which of the following is an example of osmosis?
A plant's roots use osmosis to absorb water from the soil.
Which of the following is an example of osmosis? A. A plant's roots use osmosis to absorb water from the soil. B. Intestinal cells use osmosis to absorb nutrients from food. C. A single-celled organism uses osmosis to take in food particles. D. The human body uses osmosis to move antibodies out of cells.
A plant's roots use osmosis to absorb water from the soil.
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is a retrovirus. Which of the following sentences BEST defines a retrovirus?
A retrovirus inserts DNA into the host cell's genes.
A codon table is shown below. A DNA triplet is transcribed into an mRNA codon, which is translated into an amino acid. Which of the following mRNA codons will always produce the same amino acid even if a change in DNA alters the final nucleotide in the codon?
ACC
What is (are) the main difference(s) between passive transport and active transport? A. Passive transport does not require any cellular proteins; active transport requires cellular proteins. B. Active transport requires cellular energy for substances to cross the cell membrane; passive transport does not. C. Passive transport occurs primarily in single-cell organisms; active transport occurs primarily in multi-cellular organisms. D. Active transport works against gravity (for example, upwards from the roots of a tree); passive transport works with gravity (downward).
Active transport requires cellular energy for substances to cross the cell membrane; passive transport does not.
A certain protein transports a sodium ion from the inside of the cell membrane to the outside using active transport. Which of the following must be true? A. There is no change in concentration before or after transport. B. The transport process did not use chemical energy. C. After transport, the concentration of protein in the cell decreases. D. After transport, the concentration of sodium is lower inside the cell.
After transport, the concentration of sodium is lower inside the cell.
Which of these statements best supports the idea that a cell is the basic unit of a living organism? A. The number of cells in an organism affects the size of that organism. B. A tissue is composed of cells with similar structure and function. C. Some organisms have only one cell. D. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
Which situation would NOT help the body regain homeostasis?
An individual's adrenal gland releases epinephrine to increase heart rate when he is watching a horror movie.
What is the primary distinguishing factor between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration takes place without the use of oxygen whereas aerobic respiration uses oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.
What is one piece of evidence to support the idea that animal cells have shape and structure even though they do not have cell walls? A. Animal cells have capsules. B. Animal cells have cytoskeletons. C. Animal cells have flagella. D. Animal cells have ribosomes.
Animal cells have cytoskeletons.
What is one difference between plant cells and animal cells? A. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles than plant cells do. B. Animal cells have thicker cell walls than plant cells do. C. Animal cells have ribosomes, and plant cells do not. D. Animal cells have smaller chloroplasts than plant cells do.
Animal cells have smaller vacuoles than plant cells do.
Which names and best describes the main blood vessel that leaves the left ventricle?
Aorta: it is a thick-walled artery that blood flows through on its way to the body.
Which statement accurately summarizes the role of auxin?
Auxin promotes stem growth against gravity, root growth and bending towards gravity, and untouched cell growth.
A student draws a diagram of an E. Coli cell, which is a type of bacteria. He draws and labels the cytoplasm, the cell membrane, DNA, and mitochondria. What is one problem with his diagram? A. Bacterial cells do not have DNA. B. Bacterial cells do not have a cell membrane. C. Bacterial cells do not have cytoplasm. D. Bacterial cells do not have mitochondria.
Bacterial cells do not have mitochondria.
What is the relationship between binary fission and cell division? A. Binary fission is the name of cell division in cancer cells. B. Binary fission creates proteins necessary for cell division. C. Binary fission is a type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotic cells. D. Binary fission creates nuclear membranes for the process of cell division.
Binary fission is a type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotic cells.
What factor(s) can affect diffusion speed?
Both factors affect diffusion speed
A student explains that plant cells have cell walls but not cell membranes, while animal cells have cell membranes but not cell walls. What is wrong with this statement?
Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes.
A student explains that plant cells have cell walls but not cell membranes, while animal cells have cell membranes but not cell walls. What is wrong with this statement? A. Plant cells do not have cell walls. B. Animal cells do not have cell membranes. C. Both plant and animal cells have cell walls. D. Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes.
Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes.
When two monosachharides are joined to produce a disaccharide, a water molecule (H2O) is also produced. What is the formula for a disaccharide formed from two monosaccharides with the formulas C6H12O6?
C12H22O11
A group of researchers exposed plants to different durations of light exposure, keeping all other variables constant. The researchers then evaluated the accuracy of base-pair matching during DNA replication in the different plants, and compared the results to a control group. Which of the following research questions were the researchers most likely trying to answer? A. Can the amount of time that a plant is exposed to light affect the G1 phase of the cell cycle? B. Can the amount of time that a plant is exposed to light affect the G2 phase of the cell cycle? C. Can the amount of time that a plant is exposed to light affect the M phase of the cell cycle? D. Can the amount of time that a plant is exposed to light affect the S phase of the cell cycle?
Can the amount of time that a plant is exposed to light affect the S phase of the cell cycle?
How are cancer cells different from healthy cells? A. Cancer cells originate from an outside organism. B. Cancer cells divide more slowly and die more quickly. C. Cancer cells do not follow the normal requirements for cell division. D. Cancer cells do not have copies of DNA from the parent cells.
Cancer cells do not follow the normal requirements for cell division.
A plant captures carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. Which of the following is a likely path of carbon following this step of photosynthesis?
Carbon is transferred to a rabbit when the rabbit eats the plant.
The graph below demonstrates the predator-prey relationship between two animals. What is the simplest level of biological organization being represented by the relationship shown in the graph?
Community
What is the simplest level of biological organization being represented by the relationship shown in the graph?
Community
Which statement summarizes the process shown in the diagram?
DNA is being transcribed into mRNA.
Which is needed before meiosis can begin? A. recombination B. DNA replication C. aneuploidy D. corpus luteum
DNA replication
Suppose a scientist discovers a new prokaryotic species. Which is the most reliable way to classify the species as a member of archaea or bacteria?
DNA sequencing
The topsoil in tropical rainforests is usually deficient in the nutrients typically found when plants and animals die and decay. What is the best explanation for the nutrient-poor soil in a tropical rainforest?
Dead plants and animals are rapidly degraded and recycled back into the living plants.
Read the article below. Use information in this article to identify the correct statement. Urination and Disease Analysis of urine is often used in diagnosis of disease. Excessive urination is characteristic of diabetes insipidus and occurs to a lesser extent in diabetes mellitus. High or continuous fever produces some dehydration and abnormally little urination. The color of urine is dark in patients suffering from hepatitis, because of bile pigments in the urinary system. The quantity of urea is increased in feverish conditions and diabetes mellitus and is decreased during inflammation of the kidney or disturbance of the body's acid-base balance. Abnormally large amounts of uric acid are present in leukemia patients and also in those who suffer attacks of gout
Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus produce an increase in urination
Which of these organisms most recently had a common ancestor with modern humans?
Homo erectus
A scientist is observing the DNA of an organism. The chromosomes are circular. The DNA could be from which of the following organisms only?
E. coli bacteria
A scientist claims to have found a fossil that is more than 6 billion years old. Why is the scientist's claim false?
Earth had not yet formed 6 billion years ago.
Digestive homeostasis includes maintaining a pH of 2 in the stomach. What will happen if the pH increases in the stomach?
Enzymes used in chemical digestion will not function and food will not break down as thoroughly.
Which of these statements correctly describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. B. Eukaryotic cells have DNA and prokaryotic cells do not. C. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not. D. Prokaryotic cells have DNA and eukaryotic cells do not.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
Which of these statements is NOT part of the cell theory? A. All cells emerge from pre-existing cells. B. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. C. Every cell has a nucleus that contains genetic material. D. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Every cell has a nucleus that contains genetic material.
Which best describes the role of exocytosis in cell transport? A. Exocytosis moves substances into the cell. B. Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell. C. Exocytosis moves substances into or out of the cell, against their concentration gradient. D. Exocytosis moves substances into or out of the cell, down a concentration gradient.
Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell.
Ancient organisms that lived during closer time periods were more alike than organisms that lived in widely separated time periods. What evidence in the fossil record most directly supports this scientific claim?
Fossils found in adjacent rock layers are generally more like each other than fossils found in widely spaced layers.
Which of the following statements about Charles Darwin is true?
He explained the mechanism that drives evolution.
A young man avoids exposure to the sun and other sources of ultraviolet radiation to protect his skin. Why might this practice be harmful to the man?
He may not produce enough vitamin D.
A 21 year-old female is diagnosed with malignant melanoma, a form of skin cancer that is estimated to kill nearly 9,000 people in the U.S. each year. Melanoma occurs when DNA in skin cells becomes damaged, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth and tumors. Doctors think the patient's DNA mutation was most likely caused by her occasional but intensive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Which of the following statements is the best conclusion based on her diagnosis? A. Her children will not inherit the mutation because it occurred in her skin cells. B. Her children will inherit the mutation because it affected her DNA. C. Doctors cannot yet determine whether her children will inherit the mutation. D. If her melanoma is treated, her children will not inherit the mutation.
Her children will not inherit the mutation because it occurred in her skin cells.
A woman develops a condition that causes damage to her sinoatrial node. How might the woman's circulatory system be affected by the damage?
Her heartbeat will not be regulated, and it may skip beats or beat too fast.
Which of the following best explains why someone with the herpes virus does not always have symptoms?
Herpes is an example of a lysogenic infection.
Which of the following best explains why someone with the herpes virus does not always have symptoms? A. Herpes can lay dormant outside of a host for a long period of time. B. Herpes is an example of a lytic infection. C. Herpes is an example of a lysogenic infection. D. both A and C
Herpes is an example of a lysogenic infection.
Why does crossing over only occur in meiosis I? A. The cells in meiosis II are diploid. B. Homologous chromosomes are only together in meiosis I. C. Prophase is too short in meiosis II. D. There is crossing over in meiosis II as well.
Homologous chromosomes are only together in meiosis I.
A single mushroom can produce thousands of spores. These fungi likely have what type of survivorship curve?
III
Which of the following is NOT due to water's surface tension?
Ice floating on the surface of water.
An HIV patient suffers from pneumonia, an opportunistic infection that is commonly associated with HIV. This type of bacterial pneumonia is often treatable in otherwise healthy individuals; but in HIV patients, the HIV reproduces in T cells, destroying them in the process. Which body systems are most affected by HIV in this patient?
Immune and respiratory
What differentiates facilitated diffusion from other forms of passive transport? A. In facilitated diffusion, a special protein channel helps substances cross the cell membrane. B. Facilitated diffusion is not a form of passive transport. C. Facilitated diffusion requires ATP. D. In facilitated diffusion, water flows through protein channels until it reaches the same concentration inside and outside the cell.
In facilitated diffusion, a special protein channel helps substances cross the cell membrane.
How is the position of chromosomes different in metaphase and telophase?
In metaphase, the chromosomes are at the spindle equator, but in telophase they are at the poles of the spindle.
What is one difference between the G1 phase and the G2 phase? A. In the G1 phase, DNA has not been replicated. In the G2 phase, DNA has been replicated. B. In the G1 phase, the cell is growing. In the G2 phase, the cell has stopped growing. C. In the G1 phase, chromosomes are separated. In the G2 phase, chromosomes are still together. D. In the G1 phase, the nuclear membrane breaks down. In the G2 phase, the nuclear membrane reforms.
In the G1 phase, DNA has not been replicated. In the G2 phase, DNA has been replicated.
Which of the following statements about organic or inorganic compounds is false?
Inorganic compounds are not found inside living things.
What is one difference between ion channels and ion pumps? A. Ion pumps use active transport, but ion channels use passive transport. B. Ion pumps use passive transport, but ion channels use active transport. C. Ion pumps use microtubules, but ion channels use vacuoles. D. Ion pumps use vacuoles, but ion channels use microtubules.
Ion pumps use active transport, but ion channels use passive transport.
How does exposure to water affect the arrangement of the phospholipids?
It causes a bilayer to form with the tails pointing toward the center of the membrane.
How does exposure to water affect the arrangement of the phospholipids? A. It causes a bilayer to form with the tails pointing toward the center of the membrane. B. It causes a bilayer to form with the tails pointing away from the center of the membrane. C. It causes the heads to point towards the interior and the tails to point towards the exterior of the cell. D. It causes the heads to point towards the exterior and the tails to point towards the interior of the cell.
It causes a bilayer to form with the tails pointing toward the center of the membrane.
A student examines a cell using a microscope. He sees a nucleus, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. What is one conclusion he can draw about the cell? A. It could be a plant cell. B. It could be an animal cell. C. It cannot have ribosomes. D. It cannot have a cell membrane.
It could be a plant cell.
A cell undergoes meiosis and is still a diploid cell. What conclusion can most likely be drawn about the cell? A. It has only undergone meiosis I. B. It is mutated and meiosis is damaged. C. Non-disjunction has occurred on every chromosome. D. It began with four times the number of chromosomes.
It has only undergone meiosis I.
A researcher tries everything he can, but cannot get a certain cell to undergo mitosis. What must be wrong with the cell? A. It is done growing. B. It is a gamete. C. It is diploid. D. It is a bacterium.
It is a gamete.
How does particle size affect a molecule's transport across a cell membrane? A. It is easier for small molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane. B. It is easier for large molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane. C. Particle size is less important than particle shape for calculating transport speed. D. Particle size does not affect a molecule's transport speed across the cell membrane.
It is easier for small molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane.
A cell has undergone DNA replication but has not yet begun to divide. What can you conclude about its position in the cell cycle?
It is in the G2 phase.
Which of the following best describes ATP?
It is the primary molecule in which cells store and use energy.
Phytoplankton are organisms that grow best within a narrow temperature range. How would an increase in water temperature above this range most likely affect this food web?
It will affect organisms at all trophic levels, possibly causing the entire food web to collapse over time.
A group of students is studying changes in populations of the animal shown below. The table shows the animal and its classification. The students would like to communicate their findings to scientists all around the world. Which name should the students use to describe this animal so that scientists all around the world can understand?
Lagidium viscacia
Which of the following best explains why a lion is NOT an herbivore?
Lions obtain energy from other animals.
Which of these describes how shivering helps the body respond to the cold?
Muscle movements generate heat, which replaces heat lost to the environment.
Mechanoreceptors located throughout the skin help you sense touch, pressure, and tension. Thermoreceptors in your skin help you to recognize differences in temperature. Pain receptors are located in the base of the epidermis. All these receptors transmit sensory input to your brain via your spinal cord. What two body systems interact to help you process these types of sensory input?
Nervous and integumentary
If a karyotype shows 39 chromosomes for an organism, what conclusion can be drawn? A. The organism is a sea otter. B. The organism is haploid. C. Nondisjunction has occurred. D. It is a less complex life form than humans.
Nondisjunction has occurred.
Which of the following is NOT true about Huntington's disease?
None of these listed answers are true
Which of the following is the most accurate distinction between organic molecules and inorganic molecules?
Organic molecules are composed primarily of carbon atoms bound to other atoms and most inorganic molecules are not.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding organisms in the three domains of life?
Organisms of all domains have a nucleus.
Which of the following is not a risk of gene therapy or genetic testing?
Parents of an unborn child are required to undergo genetic testing if their doctor discovers a family history of genetic illness.
Classify the biological function according to the type of cell transport to which it is related. A. Kidneys reabsorb water during production of urine B. Polar molecules move across the plasma membrane into the cell C. Splitting of ATP provides energy to change the shape of a membrane channel protein D. Sodium moves across the plasma membrane from lower to higher concentration outside the cell E. A chloride ion moves across the plasma membrane from higher to lower concentration inside the cell F. A protein binds to glucose to transport it across the plasma membrane G. Channel proteins change shape to allow transport of smaller molecules across the plasma membrane
Passive Diffusion: Polar molecules move across the plasma membrane into the cell Facilitated Diffusion: Channel proteins change shape to allow transport of smaller molecules across the plasma membrane; A chloride ion moves across the plasma membrane from higher to lower concentration inside the cell; A protein binds to glucose to transport it across the plasma membrane; Kidneys reabsorb water during production of urine Active Transport: Sodium moves across the plasma membrane from lower to higher concentration outside the cell; Splitting of ATP provides energy to change the shape of a membrane channel protein
What is one benefit to an ecosystem caused by predation?
Population sizes are controlled.
A student observes a cell using an electron microscope. She sees a nucleus, a cell wall, DNA, and cytoplasm. She classifies the cell as prokaryotic. What is one problem with this classification? A. Prokaryotic cells never have DNA. B. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. C. Prokaryotic cells never have a cell wall. D. Prokaryotic cells do not have cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
What is the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus?
Proteins from the ER are modified and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
What is the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus? A. Proteins from the ER are modified and packaged by the Golgi apparatus. B. Chemical energy released by the ER is used by the Golgi apparatus to produce proteins. C. The ER is a set of fibers within the Golgi apparatus that give the cell its shape. D. The ER has digestive enzymes that break down food and waste material from the Golgi apparatus.
Proteins from the ER are modified and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
Which of the following is true of both plants and prokaryotes? A. Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm. B. Ribosomes are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. C. Thylakoids are found in the chloroplasts. D. Genetic material is found in the nucleoid.
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm.
Which of the following accurately compares asexual and sexual plant reproduction?
Sexual plant reproduction results in more genetic variety than asexual reproduction.
A patient visits the doctor complaining of a sore throat that has lasted for more than two weeks. The doctor examines the throat and notices that it appears red, with white spots on the tonsils. The doctor performs a swab test to determine what is causing the symptoms. After receiving the results, the doctor prescribes an antibiotic to the patient. Which of the following is most likely causing the symptoms?
Streptococcus pharyngitis bacteria
Which statement is true regarding active transport? A. Substances can move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. B. Substances do not require additional energy to move in and out of cells. C. Substances can only move into cells, not out of cells. D. Substances can only move across the cell membrane if they are water soluble.
Substances can move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
Like all cells, the cell shown in the diagram below requires energy to carry out life processes. Which of these statements best describes the energy conversion that takes place in the labeled organelle? A. Sugars and other molecules are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce the energy-storage compound ATP. B. Light is used to synthesize sugars from water and carbon dioxide. C. Light and chemical energy are used to breakdown sugars and other molecules in the presence of carbon dioxide. D. Chemical energy is used to synthesize sugars from oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Sugars and other molecules are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce the energy-storage compound ATP.
There are several different types of energy. What do we call the energy that is released when the human body metabolizes sugar?
chemical energy
Many animal species living in the temperate rain forest biome hibernate or migrate during the winter months. Why would animals of this biome likely evolve these adaptations?
Temperatures vary throughout the year from warm summers to cold winters.
A massive toxic spill kills off half the population of photosynthetic plankton in the ocean. What do you predict may happen to the atmosphere as a result of this event?
The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere would decrease.
Barnacles are often found attached to a whale's skin, causing no harm to the whale. If the barnacle and whale are commensalists, which of these best describes the barnacle?
The barnacle benefits from its attachment to the whale.
A cell from a certain organism contains 64 individual, or 32 pairs, of chromosomes. Which of these conclusions can you draw?
The cell cannot be human.
The diagram below shows a basic replication cycle of the influenza virus. A research group is studying this virus in hopes of finding a way to stop influenza infection. Viruses rely on certain cell structures to complete their replication cycles. Based on the diagram above, which part of the cell should the researchers focus on if they want to develop ways to prevent the virus from being able to replicate its RNA within human cells? A. The cell nucleus B. The cell wall C. The cell's ribosomes D. The cell's cytoplasm
The cell nucleus
A prokaryotic cell undergoes binary fission. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn? A. The parent cell did not have plasmids. B. The parent cell did not have a cell membrane. C. The daughter cells do not have nuclei. D. The daughter cells do not have DNA.
The daughter cells do not have nuclei.
If a cell were to undergo multiple mitotic divisions, but skipped the S-phase, what would eventually happen? A. The number of chromosomes would grow too big to be contained. B. The number of chromosomes would remain the same in each daughter cell. C. The daughter cells would not have the same genetic information as each other or the parent cell. D. The daughter cells would get duplicates of the same genetic information.
The daughter cells would not have the same genetic information as each other or the parent cell.
The graph shows the number of invasive species in the San Francisco estuary between 1850 and 1990. How did the invasive species activity shown in the graph most likely affect other species that lived in the San Francisco estuary before 1850?
The invasive species competed with native species, resulting in a decline in the number of native species.
Why is the Calvin cycle dependent on the light-dependent reaction?
The light-dependent reaction supplies chemical energy.
Which of the following best describes why, when compared to other cells, muscle cells contain a large number of mitochondria?
The muscle cells require a lot of ATP for muscle contraction.
Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe a DNA molecule?
The nucleotide strand is complementary to the nitrogenous strand.
Which of these best compares the two membranes in mitochondria?
The outer membrane is smooth, but the inner membrane is folded.
Kathleen measures the pH of a solution as 3.5. She then dilutes the solution 10-fold by adding pure water. What should she expect to happen to the pH when she measures it now?
The pH will increase slightly, by about one pH unit.
If the primary consumers in a food chain become extinct, what will most likely happen?
The secondary consumers will also die out.
A certain plant has a toxin that causes the muscles in the body to relax involuntarily. How will this toxin affect the urinary system?
The sphincter muscles will relax and urine will flow out of the body.
How might the ideal photoperiod of a population of plants that grows and flowers in early spring differ from another population of the same species that grows and flowers in early summer?
The spring flowering population might be better adapted for a shorter photoperiod than the summer flowering population.
Alcohol (ethanol) has a higher specific heat index than water. Based on this information only, what can you conclude?
The temperature of alcohol increases more slowly than water when they are equally heated.
An exotic insect is introduced to a forest ecosystem. It is resistant to the toxins the trees produce to protect them from being eaten by insects. How would this most likely affect the forest ecosystem?
The trees will begin to die off as the exotic insects begin to feed on them.
What is one way to know that speciation has occurred?
The two populations cannot reproduce
A student is preparing to conduct an experiment to observe yeast undergoing fermentation. Which prediction will most likely be supported by the experiment?
The yeast will produce carbon dioxide and ethanol.
A student claims that the only difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, but prokaryotic cells do not. What is wrong with this claim? A. The description of the cell types is incorrect. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. B. There is another difference between the cell types. Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane but prokaryotic cells have a cell wall instead. C. The description of the cell types is incorrect. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells do not. D. There is another difference between the cell types. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, but prokaryotic cells do not.
There is another difference between the cell types. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, but prokaryotic cells do not.
Only about one-tenth of the energy available in one trophic level is passed on to the trophic level above it. Based on this information, why there are usually very few tertiary consumers in a food chain?
There is fierce competition for the energy that is available at the top of the food chain.
The chaparral biome is found on the west coast of the United States and around the Mediterranean coast of Europe. Plants in the Mediterranean chaparral tend to have broader leaves than in the California chaparral. Which is a reason for the broader leaves?
There is greater summer rainfall in the Mediterranean chaparral.
The chaparral biome is found on the west coast of the Unites States and around the Mediterranean coast of Europe. Plants in the Mediterranean chaparral tend to have broader leaves than in the California chaparral. Which is a reason for the broader leaves?
There is greater summer rainfall in the Mediterranean chaparral.
The pH will increase slightly, by about one pH unit.
True
A student tells you that self-pollination is a form of asexual reproduction in plants. What is the most accurate response?
They are incorrect because self-pollination leads to the fertilization of eggs by sperm.
Which is a characteristic of viruses?
They are much smaller than bacteria.
Why do viruses go dormant if they are outside of a host for a length of time? A. They become dried out when not in contact with body fluids. B. The protein coating shrivels when it cannot find any other viruses nearby. C. They cannot replicate without the organelles in a host cell. D. Without the ATP provided by the host cell, viruses do not have any energy.
They cannot replicate without the organelles in a host cell.
Which of these best explains why mitochondria are called the "powerhouses" of the cell? A. They generate chemical energy in the form of ATP. B. They generate energy from photosynthesis. C. They control all the other organelles in the cell. D. They control the movement of the cell from one place to another.
They generate chemical energy in the form of ATP.
Flowers commonly rely on other organisms to move their pollen. How do flowers CONTINUE to attract insects and birds?
They make nectar.
Which of the following is NOT true about the protein complexes that make up the electron transport chain?
They pass electrons from lower to higher energy levels.
Although not part of the digestive system, the pancreas and liver contribute to digestion. What role do these organs play in breaking down food?
They produce substances that help with the breakdown of fats and other nutrients.
In response to a hormone that triggers thigmotropism, the plant cells that contact another object do which of the following relative to the cells that do not contact the object?
They release auxin.
How is the structure of the small intestine adapted to its function?
Villi in the small intestine increase surface area for maximum absorption of nutrients.
Classify each feature according to whether it is characteristic of viruses, cells or both. Can crystallize; Have genes; Usually 2 μm long or more; Have ribosomes; DNA enclosed in a capsid; Reproduce by fission; Responsible for disease; Use RNA
Viruses Only: Can crystallize; DNA enclosed in a capsid Cells Only: Have genes; Usually 2 μm long or more; Have ribosomes; Reproduce by fission Both: Responsible for disease; Use RNA
Charles Chamberland, a French microbiologist, invented a filter in 1884 that allowed for the separation of bacteria from viruses. His invention was a turning point in the study of viruses. What property of viruses allowed Chamberland's filter to work? A. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria. B. Viruses can cause disease in both plants and animals. C. Viruses, unlike bacteria, are not alive. D. Viruses reproduce in a much different way than bacteria reproduce.
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
Which of the following characteristics help classify viruses as non-living? A. Viruses do not store water in vacuoles. B. Some viruses contain RNA instead of DNA. C. Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell. D. Viruses are known to survive through long states of dormancy.
Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell.
Why do viral mutations pose such a threat to human health? A. When something mutates it always gains characteristics that make it stronger. B. Viruses mutate faster than the human immune system can build antibodies. C. Viral mutants can survive longer periods of dormancy. D. Viral mutations often turn into retroviruses.
Viruses mutate faster than the human immune system can build antibodies.
The blood cell shown in the diagram below has been placed in an isotonic solution Which of these statements best describes what will happen next
Water will enter and exit the cell at the same rate
Rubella is a disease caused by a virus. What is the best protection against rubella?
a vaccine
. The Amazon Sword Plant shown below is a freshwater plant that is commonly used in freshwater aquariums. If this plant is placed in a saltwater aquarium, which of the following is most likely to occur? A. Water will enter and exit the plant's cells until the internal and external pressure has reached equilibrium. B. Salt will enter the plant's cells until internal and external pressure has reached equilibrium. C. Water will enter the plant's cells, causing the cells to swell as internal pressure increases. D. Water will exit the plant's cells causing the cell to shrivel as internal pressure decreases.
Water will exit the plant's cells causing the cell to shrivel as internal pressure decreases.
Your friend tells you that the number of chromosomes in a somatic cell of a carp fish is 105. What conclusion can you draw from this information? A. Your friend is wrong because diploid cells always have an even number of chromosomes. B. Your friend is wrong because that number is too high for a lower organism. C. Your friend is wrong because that is the carp's haploid number. D. Your friend knows a lot about chromosome counts.
Your friend is wrong because diploid cells always have an even number of chromosomes.
A scientist observes a cell under a microscope. She sees mitochondria, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. From which of the following organisms could the cell have been taken? A. a horse B. a fern C. a fruit fly D. a Streptococcus bacterium
a fern
Some organisms undergo parthenogenesis in which an offspring grows from an egg that is uncombined with a sperm. How can parthenogenesis be categorized? A. a form of fertilization B. a form of budding C. a form of asexual reproduction D. a form of gastrulation
a form of asexual reproduction
A disorder is more likely to be autosomal dominant in which of the following cases?
a mutation causes a normally useful protein to harm or impair a cell
Which of the following mutations would NOT be considered small scale?
a section of a chromosome migrates to another chromosome
Half of each "X" shaped figure in this image of mitosis represents A. a sister chromatid B. a homologous chromosome C. a centromere D. a spindle fiber
a sister chromatid
Which of these situations would most likely cause the hypothalamus to release hormones instructing the kidneys to conserve water?
a student goes on a strenuous hike and sweats
Which of the following is NOT a property of water?
ability to contract upon freezing
Mitosis occurs in A. all eukaryotic organisms B. polar bodies C. only animals D. only sexually-reproducing animals
all eukaryotic organisms
Which of the following can be infected by a virus? A. mouse B. E. coli bacteria C. oak tree D. all of the above
all of the above
At the end of meiosis I, one daughter cell holds all of the homologous chromosomes and the other has none. In which phase did an error occur? A. prophase I B. metaphase I C. anaphase I D. telophase I
anaphase I
Which of the following plant parts is responsible for producing pollen in the flower?
anther
Forest fires and hurricanes
are density-independent factors
A sealed bottle of clear fruit juice is stored for one month. After one month, the juice is cloudy and solid material has appeared in the bottom of the bottle. Testing reveals that the solid material is bacteria. Which of the following had to have been in the sealed bottle when it was stored in order to give rise to so many bacteria? A. at least one bacterium B. essential amino acids C. vitamins D. at least one virus
at least one bacterium
The outer layer of an envelope virus might help a virus ________. A. attach to a host cell B. find other viruses C. survive long periods of dormancy D. make copies of its genes
attach to a host cell
In which of these organisms does binary fission occur? A. acacia trees B. bacillus subtilis bacteria C. fruit flies D. gray squirrels
bacillus subtilis bacteria
What factor(s) can affect diffusion speed? A. size of the diffused materials B. shape of the diffused materials C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
both A and B
Which example(s) of cell transport do/does not require chemical energy? A. Drops of blue food coloring are placed in water and spread throughout the water, turning it blue. B. A potato slice is placed in water and water molecules from inside the potato move into the surrounding water. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
both A and B
Which of the following occurs in cells but not in viruses? A. protein synthesis B. DNA replication C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
both A and B
What is one similarity between active and passive transport?
both involve moving substances across a membrane
What is one similarity between active and passive transport? A. both involve using chemical energy B. both involve producing new cells C. both involve moving substances against their concentration gradient D. both involve moving substances across a membrane
both involve moving substances across a membrane
A substance that does not corrode metals or carbonates, does not feel slippery, and turns green in the presence of the indicator bromothymol blue is most likely a(n)
buffer
The diagram below shows a virion of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A research group is studying this virus in hopes of finding a way to prevent viral instructions from being incorporated into a person's body cells. The researchers need to focus on the part of the virus that contains the viral instructions that are communicated to the cell and used by the cell to make more viruses. Which part is this?
c
Which of the following ALWAYS contains organic carbon?
carbon compounds in living organisms
The human stomach contains enzymes that break down food. Enzymes do this function by:
catalyzing chemical reactions
Which of these lists organizes the parts of a complex organism from most basic to most complex? A. cell - organ - tissue B. tissue - cell - organ C. cell - tissue - organ D. organ - tissue - cell
cell - tissue - organ
An embryo grows into a zygote through ________. A. cell division B. fertilization C. reproduction D. implantation
cell division
Which of these structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells? 1. cell membrane 2. cell wall 3. chloroplasts 4. mitochondria A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4
cell wall and chloroplasts
To create a survivorship curve, a researcher would need to
count the number of organisms in each age group
SCNT is not likely to be used to ________. A. replace cells in damaged tissue B. produce stem cells C. produce clones of animals D. create new species
create new species
Which of the following best describes the contents of a flu vaccine? A. deactivated particles of the flu virus B. medicine that activates if the flu virus becomes present in a host C. a virus that attacks the flu virus D. bacteria that distract the flu virus from attacking the host's cells
deactivated particles of the flu virus
When soap is added, the surface tension of water _____.
decreases
What type of mutation could cause the 3-nucleotide reading frame of tRNA to be shifted?
deletion of one or more nucleotides during replication
When a cell's growth and division become unregulated and unlimited, the cell has _____.
developed into a cancer
Which of the following causes the expulsion of carbon dioxide?
diaphragm relaxation
A cell that undergoes S-phase will be ________ after division. A. haploid B. diploid C. fertilized D. asexual
diploid
Mitosis results in ________. A. haploid cells B. gametes C. diploid cells D. bacterial cells
diploid cells
Students in a chemistry class added sodium chloride to silver nitrate; both of these substances were colorless. However, the reaction produces a white cloudy product. The chemical equation for this is: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq). What type of reaction is this?
double replacement reaction
In general, in what direction does a diffusing substance move? A. down its concentration gradient B. up its concentration gradient C. in the opposite direction than it would normally move D. it depends on the substance being diffused
down its concentration gradient
The braconid wasp (Cotesia congregatus) lays its eggs on the back of tomato hornworms as shown in the diagram below. This relationship is considered parasitic because once the wasp pupae hatch they will
eat the caterpillar
All of the following are types of passive transport except A. osmosis. B. endocytosis. C. facilitated diffusion. D. diffusion.
endocyctosis
Two skeletal system processes that are constantly taking place include the resorption of existing bone and formation of new bone. The bone disorder that results from low bone mineral density is osteoporosis and involves an imbalance between these two processes. Which of the following is not likely to cause osteoporosis?
excess bone formation and inadequate resorption
Which parts of the integumentary system share a common function?
feathers and fur
The ovule must contain what?
female reproductive cells (eggs)
The fusion of sperm and egg is A. reproduction. B. copulation. C. conjugation. D. fertilization.
fertilization
Which of the following is not an example of an extra part complex viruses can have?
flagella
Which of the following is not an example of an extra part complex viruses can have? A. flagella B. protein tail C. complex outer wall D. all of the above
flagella
From where do animals get most of their energy?
food
What is produced at the end of meiosis? A. two diploid cells B. two haploid cells C. four diploid cells D. four haploid cells
four haploid cells
A complete coding region of DNA is called a ____ and codes for a _____.
gene; protein
Scientists study how viruses infect cells to learn about ________. A. genetic engineering B. selective breeding C. preventing bacterial infections D. killing cancer cells
genetic engineering
What product of photosynthesis is converted into energy during cellular respiration?
glucose
What are the reactants for cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction?
greater genetic variation
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction? A. greater genetic variation B. rapid reproduction C. requires little energy D. less opportunity for mutation
greater genetic variation
A diagram of a unicellular microscopic organism is shown below. It is possible to conclude that the organism is most likely eukaryotic because it A. has a Golgi apparatus B. has a cell membrane C. has ribosomes D. has a flagellum
has a Golgi apparatus
A student makes the following statement: "Homeostasis is a property unique to humans that relies on negative feedback to maintain a stable internal environment in the human body." What is one problem with this statement?
homeostasis exists in many organisms, not just humans
Sometimes solutions are measured using a pOH scale. What do you predict this scale measures?
hydroxide ion concentration
A scientist prepares to examine a slide of bacterial cells and another slide of animal cells under a microscope. In which of the cells can she expect to observe lysosomes?
in animal cells only
When does adaptive immunity develop?
in response to illness
A scientist prepares to examine a slide of bacterial cells and another slide of animal cells under a microscope. In which of the cells can she expect to observe lysosomes? A. in the bacterial cells only B. in the animal cells only C. in both the bacterial and animal cells D. in neither the bacterial nor the animal cells
in the animal cells only
Where does the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis take place?
in the stroma
Heating an object
increases its thermal energy
Food chains end with a species that
is consumed by detritivores only
If a person has two alleles that are codominant for a particular trait, then this person
is heterozygous for that trait
Lipids and carbohydrates differ in which of the following fundamental respects?
lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic
A laboratory technician is viewing a patient sample under the microscope. She sees an increased number of smooth looking leukocytes. Based on only this result, she could conclude that the patient has an increased number of
lymphocytes
Species that exhibit parental care
make a large investment of energy to raising their young
Pollen must contain what?
male reproductive cells (sperm)
If nondisjunction occurs, then the cell has gone through A. mitosis B. meiosis I or II C. meiosis or mitosis D. fertilization
meiosis I or II
The evidence showing that the chimpanzee genetic code is 96% the same as the human genetic code is an example of
molecular sequencing
A certain species of penguin will return to the same nest site and partner each year. This is an example of which mating system?
monogamy
Look at the diagram of part of a DNA molecule shown below. Identify the component of DNA shown inside the box.
nucleotide base pair
A company claims it can grow plants in pure, distilled water and sunlight. Why is this claim false?
plants require inorganic nutrients to grow
Which of the following accurately compares pollination and fertilization
pollination precedes fertilization and both are part of sexual reproduction
A pride of lions often has one dominant male and several female lions. This is an example of
polygyny
In biological terms, many vegetables are fruits. Which of the following vegetables is not a fruit?
potato
Which process recharges an aquifer?
precipitation
The figure below represents the four main stages of the cell cycle. The length of the cell cycle can vary depending on the type of cell and the needs of that cell. According to the diagram, a cell spends most of the time - A. replicating its DNA B. producing daughter cells C. resting after DNA replication D. preparing for DNA synthesis
preparing for DNA synthesis
Which of these lists organizes the phases of mitosis in order from first to last? A. prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase B. metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase C. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase D. metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The shape of a virus refers to the shape of which component? A. tail B. protein coating C. genetic material D. lipid bilayer
protein coating
In facilitated diffusion, what are the special channels that help substances cross the cell membrane made of? A. nucleic acids B. proteins C. water molecules D. carbon bonds
proteins
The male gonads produce
sperm
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?
regulate protein synthesis in cells
Scientists believe mammals evolved from
reptiles
Which of the following host cell structures do viruses need in order to synthesize proteins? A. cell membranes B. ribosomes C. chloroplasts D. lysosomes
ribosomes
A certain type of fish has a low tolerance for salinity. In which type of aquatic environment would you expect to see it living?
river
Which of the following is NOT part of a marine community?
salt water
After ten years, an abandoned lot becomes overgrown with vines and small bushes. This is an example of
secondary succession
The purpose of meiosis is to generate ________. A. sex cells B. offspring C. clones D. new organisms
sex cells
Which type of muscle is found in the digestive system?
smooth muscle
Why must the nucleus be removed from the egg cell in SCNT? A. to prevent the egg cell from undergoing meiosis B. to prevent an immune response to the somatic nucleus C. because it is defective D. so that the cell will have a diploid number of chromosomes
so that the cell will have a diploid number of chromosomes
Messenger RNA performs the bulk of its work in which of the following cellular compartments?
the cytoplasm
Exposure to a harmful substance in the first 6 weeks of embryonic development is most likely to have an effect on
the formation of major organs
Which best describes the relationship between the genetic material of a virus and the capsid proteins? A. the genetic material is inside the capsid B. the genetic material is outside the capsid C. the genetic material and the capsid proteins are wrapped around each other D. the genetic material is translated by the capsid
the genetic material is inside the capsid
Which of the following gives the best explanation as to why host cells die rapidly during a lytic infection? A. the virus incorporates its genes into the DNA of the host cell B. viruses involved in lytic infections tend to mutate more quickly C. the host cell fills with new virus and bursts open D. lytic infections often attack cells of the immune system
the host cell fills with new virus and bursts open
In a vasectomy, a birth-control procedure, the vas deferens is cut and the ends are tied off. This is most likely to affect which of the following?
the movement of sperm from the epididymis to the outside of the body
Energy cannot be transferred from a colder body to a hotter body. This is explained by
the second law of thermodynamics
How would a person's body respond if blood pressure were sensed to be too low?
the strength of heart contraction would increase
What characteristic of envelope viruses makes them more susceptible to damage from detergents?
they have an outer lipid bilayer that detergents can easily disrupt
What characteristic of envelope viruses makes them more susceptible to damage from detergents? A. the genes in envelope viruses are less protected than in other viruses B. the protein coating on envelope viruses is easily disrupted by detergents C. they have an outer lipid bilayer that detergents can easily disrupt D. detergents tend to cause more mutations in the genes of envelope viruses
they have an outer lipid bilayer that detergents can easily disrupt
Which of the following best explains how viruses replicate? A. they copy their own DNA then inject it into a host cell B. they go through a process similar to cell division C. viruses swap pieces of genetic material with each other D. they use the organelles inside a host cell
they use the organelles inside a host cell
Barnacles have a tolerance for drastic changes in salinity and temperature. In which marine ecosystem would you expect to see them living?
tidal pool
For a plant, what is the main purpose of a flower?
to assist in plant reproduction
Which of the following is NOT a function of roots?
to provide support for leaves
Which of the following is a main function of a stem?
to store water for the plant
Which of the following is a result of non-disjunction? A. crossing over B. trisomy C. degradation D. atresia
trisomy
Which of the following is an example of a fruit fly's genotype?
two alleles for eye color
Which of the following is NOT an example of genetic engineering?
using bone from a pig to repair human bone
Which of these are found in eukaryotic cells? 1. nucleoid 2. vacuole 3. mitochondria 4. Golgi apparatus A. 1, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 4 C. 2, 3, 4 D. 1, 2, 3
vacuole, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus
Which of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of dormant states in viruses? A. viruses can survive periods of dormancy by creating their own DNA B. viruses can go through several mutations while in a dormant state C. viruses can survive while waiting to come in contact with a host to infect D. viruses can survive while waiting to come in contact with other viruses
viruses can survive while waiting to come in contact with a host to infect
Why are viruses unable to reproduce outside of a host?
viruses cannot replicate genetic material without the help of the host
Why are viruses unable to reproduce outside of a host? A. viruses need the nutrients inside the host cell to feed off of B. viruses cannot replicate genetic material without the help of the host C. viruses need ATP produced by the host cell to provide the energy for reproduction D. viruses rarely come in contact with each other outside of a host cell
viruses cannot replicate genetic material without the help of the host
Facilitated diffusion allows certain kinds of compounds that are normally blocked by the cell membrane to cross the cell membrane. All of the following are examples of compounds that move by facilitated diffusion except
water
What kind of material is transported through osmosis? A. oxygen B. nitrogen-fixing bacteria C. blood D. water
water
What component of blood is correctly matched with its function?
white blood cell: fights infections by pathogens
What part of the stem brings water up to the rest of the plant?
xylem