biology

Identify which plastid belongs to each color. Green - Orange - Colorless -

Chloroplasts chromoplasts leucoplasts

A plant cell can ___________ substances between its internal and external environment.

selectively transfer

Cells are analogous to a chemical factory. They utilize energy to _____.

synthesize and decompose organic substances

The two basic types of root systems are _____.

taproot and fibrous

Two main functions of roots are the conduction of water and minerals and _____________

the anchoring of the plant

A cell is:

the basic building block of organisms

Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch?

because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits, because coded information cannot arise from random processes

A leaflike part of the flower where seeds are produced

carpel

The basic building block of all forms of life

cell

The rigid wall of plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane

cell wall

What cell part is described below? A feature of plants that gives shape and texture and provides support.

cell wall

Which feature distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?

cell wall

A remarkable fact about cells is:

cells are very different, yet have similar properties

The material which provides rigidity to cell walls is called ____________

cellulose

The tiny body that contains chlorophyll

chloroplast

What cell part is described below? Green, football-shaped plastids that carry out the life-support system of photosynthesis.

chloroplast

Carries the genes or inheritance units of a cell

chromosome

What cell part is described below? Major segments of DNA during cell division.

chromosomes

Oblong cells with unevenly thickened walls for support in young stems

collenchyma

A mass of cells with more than one cell type makes up a _______________ .

complex tissue

All the organic substances located between the nucleus and cell membrane

cytoplasm

What cell part is described below? The organic materials between the membrane and nucleus, which contains a variety of tiny bodies, or organelles.

cytoplasm

What type of general classification is a xerophyte?

ecological

A smaller, darker body found in the nucleus

nucleolus

What cell part is described below? A concentration of the nucleic acid RNA, which is important in carrying chemical messages to other bodies in the cytoplasm.

nucleolus

The protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm

nucleus

What cell part is described below? The cell headquarters and inheritance; controls and orders the activities of the cell.

nucleus

The most common plant cell, found in practically all parts of the plant body

parenchyma

The ring of leaflike appendages occurring inside the sepals

petal

The food-conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system

phloem

No lifeform, whether human or animal, could exist on the earth without the process of _____________ , which is mostly associated with plants.

photosynthesis

Robert Hooke was an English __________ who was the first man to describe plant cells.

physicist

A _________ cell has a cell wall and a water vacuole to help maintain a rigid structure.

plant

A flower part; the outermost ring of leaflike appendages of a flower

sepal

Although the following term is actually obsolete and somewhat misleading, the cell may still be referred to as a ____________ .

simple cell

A flower part; a ring of pollen-producing appendages of a flower

stamen

(Select all that apply.) Choose the five substances that can be found in the cell vacuoles.

sugars, calcium oxalate, dissolved proteins, anthocyanins, minerals

A propagation method known as _______________ has shown that one individual cell has the potential to develop into a whole plant.

tissue culture

The two main functions of the Golgi body are _____. Select all that may apply.

to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes, secrete and store high-energy compounds

(true or false) A plant chloroplast is a plastid.

true

(true or false) An entirely new plant can sometimes be generated from a few cells.

true

(true or false) Plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy.

true

(true or false) The roots of a plant absorb nutrients from the soil.

true

The chemical structure of genes which control inheritance

DNA

Cactus spines are modified _________.

leaves

A protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for a cell

membrane

The cell powerhouse

mitochondria

About how many cells does the human body contain?

30(10^12)

What cell part is described below? Flattened membrane sacs and tubes that are believed to be centers for collecting and packaging cell structures and enzymes.

Golgi bodies

A chemical important in taking blueprint messages from DNA

RNA

Plant cells and animal cells both have _____. (Select all that apply.)

a plasma membrane, a nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles

The root system which helps stabilize soil from erosion is the __________ root system.

adventitious

Ribosomes assemble proteins from _____.

amino acids

When was the "cell" first identified and named?

approximately 350 years ago

All of the following are part of a plants organizational structure except:

atoms

What cell part is described below? A system of membranes that appears to be a factory for life processes and a cell communication system for chemical messages.

endoplasmic reticulum

The capacity to do or perform work

energy

The outermost layer of plant cells or tissue

epidermis

The protoplast consists of:

everything inside the cell wall, but not including the cell wall

(true or false) A chloroplast consists solely of a football shaped container of chlorophyll.

false

(true or false) Photosynthesis takes place solely in the leaves of green plants.

false

(true or false) The construction of the cell walls of all plants is similar.

false

(true or false) The protoplasm and cytoplasm of a plant are interchangeable terms.

false

The matured ovary of a plant is a:

fruit

Two main functions of leaves are photosynthesis and _____.

gas exchange

Inherited physical traits are directly related to:

genes

The specific pattern of flower arrangement of a plant

inflorescence

Clusters of flowers are called:

inflorescences

The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal:

is constant

What cell part is described below? Rod-shaped structures scattered throughout the cytoplasm that are involved with energy release.

mitochondria

The outward shape and appearance of a plant represents its ______________.

morphology

Chemical messages originate from:

DNA

What do the terms, "Samara" "Capsules" "Pod" "Achene" have in common?

fruit

The basic food produced by a plant is:

produced by chloroplasts

ATP is a:

product of decomposition of food molecules, a form of chemical energy, chemical associated with mitochondria

The organic substance making up the cells of all living things

protoplasm

The protoplasmic unit of a cell

protoplast

The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by:

ribonucleic acid

Important in protein synthesis

ribosome

A plant cell of a long fiber type or variable sclereid type

sclerenchyma

Two main functions of stems are the support of the plant body and _____.

the conduction of food, water, and minerals

The total energy production of a mitochondrion is enhanced by:

the large internal surface area

A group of similar cells, or unlike cells with a specialized common function

tissue

(true or false) Vacuoles are reservoirs in plant cells that help maintain water balance.

true

A cell storage body that increases in size with age

vacuole

The water and mineral conducting tissue of a plant's vascular system

xylem