Biology Review
If the process of meiosis shown below proceeds normally, how many chromosomes will cells A, B, C, and D have? mc052-1.jpg
2 each
Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from his or her father?
22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
23
Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
23
In the diagram below, cell A is undergoing mitosis. mc015-1.jpg IIf cell A has 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will cells B and C have?
6 each
The concept map below shows some of the carbon-based molecules in cells. Some of these molecules can be broken down to produce usable chemical energy. mc010-1.jpg Which of the following terms best completes this concept map?
ATP
A student observes four cells with a compound microscope and records her observations in the table shown. mc006-1.jpg Based on these data, how should the cells be classified?
Cell 3 is a prokaryotic cell, and Cells 1, 2, and 4 are eukaryotic cells.
Researchers crossed two types of mice together, type A and type B. In the resulting offspring, half of the DNA for specifying traits comes from type A and half comes from type B. Why?
Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to each offspring.
1. The graph below shows the activity of an enzyme called glucosidase. mc001-1.jpg
Glucosidase functions best around 70°C.
Which statement about the process of binary fission is true?
It does not take place in multicellular organisms.
The cell theory states that the cell is the most basic unit of life, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from cells. What makes the cell theory a scientific theory?
It is based on the work of many scientists and leads to accurate predictions.
Which statement describes the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2? mc021-1.jpg
It is made up of two chromatids
Unlike cells that divide by mitosis, the gametes formed during meiosis undergo two cell divisions. What is the significance of this second cell division to sexual reproduction?
It reduces the number of chromosomes in each resulting gamete by half.
Which statement is true of the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?
Its left and right halves carry identical genetic information.
Complex carbohydrates, such as starch, are examples of polymers. Which scientific explanation below best describes a polymer?
Polymers are made of many small molecules that are similar or different.
Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?
Sister chromatids separate.
Scientists researching anticancer drugs treat a cell culture with a compound. Following treatment, they notice that the culture stopped growing. Untreated cells from the same culture, however, have continued to grow. These results indicate that the compound blocks the normal cell cycle. What else could have caused these results?
The compound killed the treated cells.
At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?
Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.
What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?
They are divided.
Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?
They contain the same genes.
What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?
a copy of DNA
Proteins are long molecules that are built from various combinations of —
amino acids
If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor
can form more tumors.
One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
cancer cells can divide in the absence of growth factors.
One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
Photosynthesis is a part of various cycles that help to move oxygen and carbon through the environment. What form of abiotic carbon do plants remove from the environment?
carbon dioxide
During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and
copies DNA.
Which phrase best describes meiosis I?
division of homologous chromosomes
Molecules that control the stages of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes are similar. This fact suggests that
eukaryotes share a common ancestry.
A hormone present in the blood can stimulate the growth of certain cells. The hormone is acting as a(n)
external factor.
The diagram below shows how glucose molecules move down a concentration gradient to enter a cell with the help of transport proteins. mc008-1.jpg What type of transport is shown in the diagram?
facilitated diffusion
The fusion of haploid gametes is called
fertilization.
Crossing over is an important factor in increasing the
genetic diversity by making new allele combinations.
Proteins from outside a cell that stimulate it to divide are called
growth factors.
Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother, one from your father) are called
homologous chromosomes.
A mutation occurs in a gene on chromosome 3, which is shown below. mc051-1.jpg This mutation could be passed along to offspring if it occurs —
in a sex cell that undergoes fertilization
The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up
interphase.
During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does cytokinesis take place? mc031-1.jpg
mitosis
During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm of a cell divide? mc019-1.jpg
mitosis
What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?
organelles
The figure below represents some levels of organization in multicellular organisms. mc016-1.jpg Which term fits in the box marked "X"?
organs
Before a cell can move from the G or G stage to the next stage of the cell cycle, it must grow and
pass a critical checkpoint.
Before a cell can proceed to mitosis from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle, it must
pass a critical checkpoint.
Which process is represented by the following chemical equation? mc013-1.jpg
photosynthesis
Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
produces haploid gametes
Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?
reduces chromosome number by half, produces gametes
Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and
repair.
In a single-celled organism, mitosis is used for
reproduction.
Which organism is capable of reproduction through asexual mitosis?
sea star (starfish)
Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of
sexual reproduction.
A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?
somatic cell
Which of the following cell types is diploid?
somatic cell
Which of the following reproduce asexually through mitosis?
some multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes
Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?
sperm
Which of the following cell types is haploid?
sperm cell
The primary function of DNA is to —
store information for building proteins
Which of the following best represent the final products of the chemical reactions that take place inside the organelle labeled A in the diagram below? mc012-1.jpg
sugars, oxygen
A group of students wants to find out how much carbon dioxide is used by plants during the daytime. What control could be used in this experiment?
the amount of carbon dioxide used at night
As the concentration of molecules outside a cell increases, more molecules will enter the cell because —
the molecules are moving down their concentration gradient
Gametogenesis is the term for
the production of gametes.
Cells in a developing embryo differentiate based on
their location in the embryo.
