Biology Review

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If the process of meiosis shown below proceeds normally, how many chromosomes will cells A, B, C, and D have? mc052-1.jpg

2 each

Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from his or her father?

22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

23

Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?

23

In the diagram below, cell A is undergoing mitosis. mc015-1.jpg IIf cell A has 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will cells B and C have?

6 each

The concept map below shows some of the carbon-based molecules in cells. Some of these molecules can be broken down to produce usable chemical energy. mc010-1.jpg Which of the following terms best completes this concept map?

ATP

A student observes four cells with a compound microscope and records her observations in the table shown. mc006-1.jpg Based on these data, how should the cells be classified?

Cell 3 is a prokaryotic cell, and Cells 1, 2, and 4 are eukaryotic cells.

Researchers crossed two types of mice together, type A and type B. In the resulting offspring, half of the DNA for specifying traits comes from type A and half comes from type B. Why?

Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to each offspring.

1. The graph below shows the activity of an enzyme called glucosidase. mc001-1.jpg

Glucosidase functions best around 70°C.

Which statement about the process of binary fission is true?

It does not take place in multicellular organisms.

The cell theory states that the cell is the most basic unit of life, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from cells. What makes the cell theory a scientific theory?

It is based on the work of many scientists and leads to accurate predictions.

Which statement describes the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2? mc021-1.jpg

It is made up of two chromatids

Unlike cells that divide by mitosis, the gametes formed during meiosis undergo two cell divisions. What is the significance of this second cell division to sexual reproduction?

It reduces the number of chromosomes in each resulting gamete by half.

Which statement is true of the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?

Its left and right halves carry identical genetic information.

Complex carbohydrates, such as starch, are examples of polymers. Which scientific explanation below best describes a polymer?

Polymers are made of many small molecules that are similar or different.

Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?

Sister chromatids separate.

Scientists researching anticancer drugs treat a cell culture with a compound. Following treatment, they notice that the culture stopped growing. Untreated cells from the same culture, however, have continued to grow. These results indicate that the compound blocks the normal cell cycle. What else could have caused these results?

The compound killed the treated cells.

At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?

Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.

What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?

They are divided.

Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?

They contain the same genes.

What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?

a copy of DNA

Proteins are long molecules that are built from various combinations of —

amino acids

If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor

can form more tumors.

One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

cancer cells can divide in the absence of growth factors.

One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

cancer cells divide uncontrollably.

Photosynthesis is a part of various cycles that help to move oxygen and carbon through the environment. What form of abiotic carbon do plants remove from the environment?

carbon dioxide

During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and

copies DNA.

Which phrase best describes meiosis I?

division of homologous chromosomes

Molecules that control the stages of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes are similar. This fact suggests that

eukaryotes share a common ancestry.

A hormone present in the blood can stimulate the growth of certain cells. The hormone is acting as a(n)

external factor.

The diagram below shows how glucose molecules move down a concentration gradient to enter a cell with the help of transport proteins. mc008-1.jpg What type of transport is shown in the diagram?

facilitated diffusion

The fusion of haploid gametes is called

fertilization.

Crossing over is an important factor in increasing the

genetic diversity by making new allele combinations.

Proteins from outside a cell that stimulate it to divide are called

growth factors.

Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother, one from your father) are called

homologous chromosomes.

A mutation occurs in a gene on chromosome 3, which is shown below. mc051-1.jpg This mutation could be passed along to offspring if it occurs —

in a sex cell that undergoes fertilization

The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up

interphase.

During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does cytokinesis take place? mc031-1.jpg

mitosis

During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm of a cell divide? mc019-1.jpg

mitosis

What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?

organelles

The figure below represents some levels of organization in multicellular organisms. mc016-1.jpg Which term fits in the box marked "X"?

organs

Before a cell can move from the G or G stage to the next stage of the cell cycle, it must grow and

pass a critical checkpoint.

Before a cell can proceed to mitosis from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle, it must

pass a critical checkpoint.

Which process is represented by the following chemical equation? mc013-1.jpg

photosynthesis

Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?

produces haploid gametes

Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?

reduces chromosome number by half, produces gametes

Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and

repair.

In a single-celled organism, mitosis is used for

reproduction.

Which organism is capable of reproduction through asexual mitosis?

sea star (starfish)

Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of

sexual reproduction.

A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?

somatic cell

Which of the following cell types is diploid?

somatic cell

Which of the following reproduce asexually through mitosis?

some multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes

Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?

sperm

Which of the following cell types is haploid?

sperm cell

The primary function of DNA is to —

store information for building proteins

Which of the following best represent the final products of the chemical reactions that take place inside the organelle labeled A in the diagram below? mc012-1.jpg

sugars, oxygen

A group of students wants to find out how much carbon dioxide is used by plants during the daytime. What control could be used in this experiment?

the amount of carbon dioxide used at night

As the concentration of molecules outside a cell increases, more molecules will enter the cell because —

the molecules are moving down their concentration gradient

Gametogenesis is the term for

the production of gametes.

Cells in a developing embryo differentiate based on

their location in the embryo.


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