Biology Summer 2018 Chapter 5

considering the atp cycle, which of the following week due to have the most potential energy to perform work from cell activities

atp

molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protien in

facilitated diffusion

what process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell?

feedback inhibition

the figure below reflects these two cells would respond in a(n) ________ environment. (shrunken and shriveled cells)

hypertonic

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

in the setup shown in the figure below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane?

osmosis

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosythesis that is used during cellular respiration?

oxygen

which types of cellular activities listed below would not use atp?

passive transport

the opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will

shrink due to water loss by the cell

Which energy association is correct?

Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate group is removed from it

the part if the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

the concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. the concentration of calcium surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

active transport

which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient?

active transport

Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind. this is possible because

an enzyme binds one specific substrate

which if the following is an example of osmosis?

cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in urine

which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems?

chloroplasts conversation solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.

probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membrane s include all of the following except?

color

the figure below demonstrates which key concept regarding cell activities? (two girls lifting weights)

coupled reactions

because it is a passive process, which membrabe transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

diffusion

which form of passive transport allws small molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane

diffusion

which of the following best describes entropy

disorder

why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

car burns gasoline. which process in relationship to first law of thermodynamics

energy can be change from one form to another

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can neither be created or destroyed, but it can be changed into one form to another

which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?

energy cannot be changed from one form to another without the loss of usable energy

a patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining if a headache. the physician on call asks for and IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

hypotonic

simple diffusion of molecules occurs

in nonliving systems as well as living systems

the changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model

energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

when a cell is in a solution where the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as the solution, the solution is called

isotonic

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How can photo sythesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose, which is more ordered?

solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose

which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere?

solar energy-chloroplast-mitochondria

the figure below represents a metabolic pathway. what happens if Enzyme 2 is defective and non functional? (shapes)

substrate y would not be metabolized

which if the following is not an example of osmosis?

sugar in coffee disolves

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. how does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

the energy taken in food is eventually converted into heat energy

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme

the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate.

both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules. but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. the starch polysaccharide has every bond occuring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. how can you explain human's inability to digest cellulose?

the enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bind configuration of bonds below the ring

in the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

the level of solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker (know whole thing)

which if the following is best associated with a coupled reaction

the metabolic reaction requires energy from atp

what prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

the presence of a cell wall

identify which of the following statement s is not true

atp is comprised of sugar, base, and two phosphate group (wrong)

Pickle's are often preserved I'm a 20-30% salt solution called brine. how does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

in the following figure, which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic environment?

c

simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

when neurons release their nuerotransmittors, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. what type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

exocytosis

in what function do the embedded membrane protiens at "c" serve?

facilitated and active transport

intestinal cells absorb glucose via facilitated diffusion. what would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed?

glucose absorbtion would decrease.

Where within the cell is ATP produce d

mitochondria

a white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. the process is called

phagocytosis

which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrateva specific type of molecule?

receptor-mediated endocytosis ✓

What is the biological risk of using salt of icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

the salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells

in the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe the conditions observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

the tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents

when a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. this can be accounted for by which of the following statements?

the water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live?

they must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste.

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the enzyme of the first reaction

which if the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product? (line graph red/green)

c (little green arrow)

which one if the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

carbon dioxide