Biology -- The Cell

The smallest units of life in all living things are 1) Cells 2) Mitochondria 3) Cytoplasm 4) Golgi apparatus

Cells

Hooke's discovery of cells was made observing 1) Living algal cells 2) Living human cells 3) Dead plant cells 4) Dead protist cells

Dead Plant Cells

Lysosome

Digests and breaks down germs

Chromosomes

Direct cell activities

(picture) Structure 1 is 1) ER 2) GA 3) Mitochondrion 4) Nucleus

ER

One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the 1) Endoplasmic reticulum 2) Mitochondrion 3) Golgi apparatus 4) Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Make proteins

ER

Makes cell substances and transports them throughout the cell

In which of the following organelles is a cell's ATP produced 1) Mitochondrion 2) Endoplasmic reticulum 3) Golgi apparatus 4) Lysosome

Mitochondrion

GA

Packages, stores and releases chemicals

Cell Membrane

Protects and holds the cell together

Nuclear Membrane

Protects the nucleus

Mitochondria

Releases energy from food

Nucleolus

Sends directions to ribosomes on how to make proteins

Vacuole

Stores food, water, wastes, and cell products

Cell Wall (plants only)

Supports and protects the plant cell

Nucleoplasm (nucleus)

Thick, jellylike liquid inside nucleus

A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life (t or f)

True

All living things that are not bacteria are eukaryotes (t or f)

True

As a cell gets larger, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area (t or f)

True

DNA stores information that directs the cell activities of a cell (t or f)

True

Inside smaller cells, materials and information can be transported more quickly (t or f)

True

Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow only certain substances to diffuse across them (t or f)

True

Microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton of cells (t or f)

True

Organelles enable eukaryotic cells to specialize (t or f)

True

Refer to illustration above. The diagram shows the lipid bilayer that forms the framework of the cell membrane (t or f)

True

Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope (t or f)

True

How are the organs of a multicellular organism like the organelles of a single cell?

carry out specialized tasks that allow the cell to survive

Colonial organisms are like multicellular organisms in that they have _______

cell specialization

The statement that "cells are produced only from existing cells" is the part of the ___________

cell theory

Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a(n) ____________

cell wall

Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items 1) eukaryote-amoeba 2) ribosomes-protein 3) cell wall-animal cell 4) mitochondria-energy

cell wall-animal cell

Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex 1) organ systems, organs, tissues, cells 2) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems 3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs 4) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Photosynthesis take place in the _________ of plant cells

chloroplast

The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the 1) mitochondria 2) chloroplasts 3) GA 4) vacuoles

chloroplasts

The organelles in a plant cells that contain a green pigment are the 1) mitochondria 2) bilayer lipids 3) chloroplasts 4) GA

chloroplasts

A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of 1) chromosomes 2) vacuoles 3) mitochondria 4) walls

chromosomes

Numerous threadlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called 1) flagella 2) microtubules 3) actin filaments 4) cilia

cilia

Which of the following associations between a type of animal tissue and its primary function is incorrect 1) connective tissue- transport of substances around the body 2) epithelial tissue - protective surface coverings 3) muscle tissue - contraction 4) nervous tissue - receiving and transmitting messages

connective tissue - transport of substances around the body

The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell that is called the ______

cytoskeleton

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____

cytosol

A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) __________ cell

eukaryotic

Plant cells 1) dont contain mitochondria 2) have a cell wall instead of a cell membrane 3) have a large vacuole instead of a GA 4) have chloroplasts and a cell wall

have chloroplasts and a cell wall

______ molecules have "heads" and "tails" and are found in the cell membrane

lipids

Only eukaryotic cells have 1) DNA 2) Membrane-bound organelles 3) Ribosomes 4) Cytoplasm

membrane-bound organelles

A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for 1) receiving and transmitting nerve impulses 2) covering the body surface 3) moving to different tissues through narrow openings 4) All of the above

moving to different tissues through narrow openings

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus called the 1) nucleolus 2) nuclear wall 3) nucleoplasm 4) nuclear envelope

nuclear envelope

Cell: cell membrane:: 1) nucleus:chromosome 2) nucleus:nuclear envelope 3) chromosome:DNA 4) cell:DNA

nucleus : nuclear envelope

A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) 1) organelle 2) organ tissue 3) tissue 4) biocenter

organelle

Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they contain _________ which take up space and carry out specialized activities

organelles

Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____

organelles

Which of the following is not a specialized activity found in cells of Volvox colonies 1) photosynthesis 2) transmission of messages 3) movement 4) reproduction

photosynthesis

Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you have that cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) 1) animal 2) plant 3) prokaryote 4) now extinct organism

prokaryote

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that 1) nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes 2) mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes 3) Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes 4) Prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane

prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane

Proteins are made in the cells on the 1) mitochondria 2) ribosomes 3) nucleus 4) cell membrane

ribosomes

The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ________

ribosomes

A cell membrane is said to be ________ permeable because it allows the passage of some solutes and not other

selectively

Chloroplast (in plants)

Where plants make glucose

All the following are found in both plant and animals cells, except 1) a cell wall 2) a cell membrane 3) mitochondria 4) the ER

a cell wall

The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the 1) nucleus 2) GA 3) central vacuole 4) nuclear envelope

GA

Cytoplasm (in the cell)

Gel-like liquid inside cell

(picture) In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are found in Structure 1,2,3, or 5

2

(picture) Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote Structure 1-4?

2

Nucleus

Boss of the cell

All living things are composed of many cells (t or f)

False

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek concluded that all plants are composed of cells (t or f)

False

Cell surface proteins float on top of phospholipid bilayers (t or f)

False

Colonial organisms differ from single-celled organisms in that each cell cannot support its own existence (t or f)

False

Lysosomes carry on cellular respiration (t or f)

False

Most living prokaryotes are multicellular protists (t or f)

False

The cells of animals are prokaryotes (t or f)

False

The long extensions of nerve cells enable them to form a rigid scaffolding that gives brain tissue its structure (t or f)

False

The only difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is that plant cells have chloroplasts (t or f)

False

When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area 1) Increases at the same rate 2) Remains the same 3) Increases at a faster rate 4) Increases at a slower rate

Increases at a slower rate

(picture) The cell shown is probably an animal cell because 1) it has mitochondria 2) it doesn't have a cell wall 3) it has a cell membrane 4) it does not have a nucleus

It doesn't have a cell wall

A protein that fits into the cell membrane 1) has two polar end sections that bond with water 2) floats in the cell membrane 3) has a nonpolar middle section 4) All of the above

all of the above

All cells have 1) a covering called a membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it 2) an internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it 3) a central zone or nucleus that contains the cell's genes 4) all of the above

all of the above

Golgi apparatus are organelles that 1) receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum 2) label the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination 3) release molecules in vesicles 4) All of the above

all of the above

The cell membrane 1) encloses the contents of a cell 2) allows material to enter & leave the cell 3) is selectively permeable 4) All of the above

all of the above

Cell membranes 1) are only found on a small number of cells 2) contain genes 3) are made of DNA 4) are thin covering that surround cells

are thin coverings that surround cells

Cell membranes 1) are only found on a small number of cells 2) contain genes 3) are made of DNA 4) are thin coverings that surround cells

are thin coverings that surround cells

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell 1) amoeba 2) virus c) bacterium d) liver cell

bacterium

The ratio of surface area to volume puts limitations on a cell's _____

size

The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its 1) location 2) structure 3) function 4) surface area

surface area

Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because 1) the cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large 2) materials cannot enter the cell if it is too large 3) the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes 4) waste products cannot leave the cell if it is too small

the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes

The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called 1) the nucleus 2) the cell wall 3) the nuclear membrane 4) the cell membrane

the cell membrane

The shape of a protein is determined by 1) the type and order of its amino acids 2) its size 3) its cell location 4) none of the above

the type and order of its amino acids

How are chloroplasts like mitochondria 1) they can both use energy from sunlight 2) they look alike 3) they both manufacture food and release energy 4) they are both found in animal cells

they both manufacture food and release energy

Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes 1) They have a nucleus 2) They were found on Earth before eukaryotes 3) The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes 4) None of the above

they were found on Earth before eukaryotes

(picture) The cell uses structure 3 1) to transport material from one part of the cell to the other 2) to package proteins so they can be stored by the cell 3) as a receptor 4) to produce energy

to produce energy

Plant cells have large membrane-bound spaces in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. These places are known as 1) mitochondria 2) chloroplasts 3) GA 4) vacuoles

vacuoles