Biology -- The Cell
The smallest units of life in all living things are 1) Cells 2) Mitochondria 3) Cytoplasm 4) Golgi apparatus
Cells
Hooke's discovery of cells was made observing 1) Living algal cells 2) Living human cells 3) Dead plant cells 4) Dead protist cells
Dead Plant Cells
Lysosome
Digests and breaks down germs
Chromosomes
Direct cell activities
(picture) Structure 1 is 1) ER 2) GA 3) Mitochondrion 4) Nucleus
ER
One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the 1) Endoplasmic reticulum 2) Mitochondrion 3) Golgi apparatus 4) Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Make proteins
ER
Makes cell substances and transports them throughout the cell
In which of the following organelles is a cell's ATP produced 1) Mitochondrion 2) Endoplasmic reticulum 3) Golgi apparatus 4) Lysosome
Mitochondrion
GA
Packages, stores and releases chemicals
Cell Membrane
Protects and holds the cell together
Nuclear Membrane
Protects the nucleus
Mitochondria
Releases energy from food
Nucleolus
Sends directions to ribosomes on how to make proteins
Vacuole
Stores food, water, wastes, and cell products
Cell Wall (plants only)
Supports and protects the plant cell
Nucleoplasm (nucleus)
Thick, jellylike liquid inside nucleus
A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life (t or f)
True
All living things that are not bacteria are eukaryotes (t or f)
True
As a cell gets larger, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area (t or f)
True
DNA stores information that directs the cell activities of a cell (t or f)
True
Inside smaller cells, materials and information can be transported more quickly (t or f)
True
Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow only certain substances to diffuse across them (t or f)
True
Microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton of cells (t or f)
True
Organelles enable eukaryotic cells to specialize (t or f)
True
Refer to illustration above. The diagram shows the lipid bilayer that forms the framework of the cell membrane (t or f)
True
Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope (t or f)
True
How are the organs of a multicellular organism like the organelles of a single cell?
carry out specialized tasks that allow the cell to survive
Colonial organisms are like multicellular organisms in that they have _______
cell specialization
The statement that "cells are produced only from existing cells" is the part of the ___________
cell theory
Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a(n) ____________
cell wall
Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items 1) eukaryote-amoeba 2) ribosomes-protein 3) cell wall-animal cell 4) mitochondria-energy
cell wall-animal cell
Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex 1) organ systems, organs, tissues, cells 2) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems 3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs 4) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Photosynthesis take place in the _________ of plant cells
chloroplast
The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the 1) mitochondria 2) chloroplasts 3) GA 4) vacuoles
chloroplasts
The organelles in a plant cells that contain a green pigment are the 1) mitochondria 2) bilayer lipids 3) chloroplasts 4) GA
chloroplasts
A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of 1) chromosomes 2) vacuoles 3) mitochondria 4) walls
chromosomes
Numerous threadlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called 1) flagella 2) microtubules 3) actin filaments 4) cilia
cilia
Which of the following associations between a type of animal tissue and its primary function is incorrect 1) connective tissue- transport of substances around the body 2) epithelial tissue - protective surface coverings 3) muscle tissue - contraction 4) nervous tissue - receiving and transmitting messages
connective tissue - transport of substances around the body
The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell that is called the ______
cytoskeleton
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____
cytosol
A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) __________ cell
eukaryotic
Plant cells 1) dont contain mitochondria 2) have a cell wall instead of a cell membrane 3) have a large vacuole instead of a GA 4) have chloroplasts and a cell wall
have chloroplasts and a cell wall
______ molecules have "heads" and "tails" and are found in the cell membrane
lipids
Only eukaryotic cells have 1) DNA 2) Membrane-bound organelles 3) Ribosomes 4) Cytoplasm
membrane-bound organelles
A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for 1) receiving and transmitting nerve impulses 2) covering the body surface 3) moving to different tissues through narrow openings 4) All of the above
moving to different tissues through narrow openings
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus called the 1) nucleolus 2) nuclear wall 3) nucleoplasm 4) nuclear envelope
nuclear envelope
Cell: cell membrane:: 1) nucleus:chromosome 2) nucleus:nuclear envelope 3) chromosome:DNA 4) cell:DNA
nucleus : nuclear envelope
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) 1) organelle 2) organ tissue 3) tissue 4) biocenter
organelle
Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they contain _________ which take up space and carry out specialized activities
organelles
Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____
organelles
Which of the following is not a specialized activity found in cells of Volvox colonies 1) photosynthesis 2) transmission of messages 3) movement 4) reproduction
photosynthesis
Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you have that cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) 1) animal 2) plant 3) prokaryote 4) now extinct organism
prokaryote
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that 1) nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes 2) mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes 3) Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes 4) Prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane
prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane
Proteins are made in the cells on the 1) mitochondria 2) ribosomes 3) nucleus 4) cell membrane
ribosomes
The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ________
ribosomes
A cell membrane is said to be ________ permeable because it allows the passage of some solutes and not other
selectively
Chloroplast (in plants)
Where plants make glucose
All the following are found in both plant and animals cells, except 1) a cell wall 2) a cell membrane 3) mitochondria 4) the ER
a cell wall
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the 1) nucleus 2) GA 3) central vacuole 4) nuclear envelope
GA
Cytoplasm (in the cell)
Gel-like liquid inside cell
(picture) In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are found in Structure 1,2,3, or 5
2
(picture) Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote Structure 1-4?
2
Nucleus
Boss of the cell
All living things are composed of many cells (t or f)
False
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek concluded that all plants are composed of cells (t or f)
False
Cell surface proteins float on top of phospholipid bilayers (t or f)
False
Colonial organisms differ from single-celled organisms in that each cell cannot support its own existence (t or f)
False
Lysosomes carry on cellular respiration (t or f)
False
Most living prokaryotes are multicellular protists (t or f)
False
The cells of animals are prokaryotes (t or f)
False
The long extensions of nerve cells enable them to form a rigid scaffolding that gives brain tissue its structure (t or f)
False
The only difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is that plant cells have chloroplasts (t or f)
False
When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area 1) Increases at the same rate 2) Remains the same 3) Increases at a faster rate 4) Increases at a slower rate
Increases at a slower rate
(picture) The cell shown is probably an animal cell because 1) it has mitochondria 2) it doesn't have a cell wall 3) it has a cell membrane 4) it does not have a nucleus
It doesn't have a cell wall
A protein that fits into the cell membrane 1) has two polar end sections that bond with water 2) floats in the cell membrane 3) has a nonpolar middle section 4) All of the above
all of the above
All cells have 1) a covering called a membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it 2) an internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it 3) a central zone or nucleus that contains the cell's genes 4) all of the above
all of the above
Golgi apparatus are organelles that 1) receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum 2) label the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination 3) release molecules in vesicles 4) All of the above
all of the above
The cell membrane 1) encloses the contents of a cell 2) allows material to enter & leave the cell 3) is selectively permeable 4) All of the above
all of the above
Cell membranes 1) are only found on a small number of cells 2) contain genes 3) are made of DNA 4) are thin covering that surround cells
are thin coverings that surround cells
Cell membranes 1) are only found on a small number of cells 2) contain genes 3) are made of DNA 4) are thin coverings that surround cells
are thin coverings that surround cells
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell 1) amoeba 2) virus c) bacterium d) liver cell
bacterium
The ratio of surface area to volume puts limitations on a cell's _____
size
The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its 1) location 2) structure 3) function 4) surface area
surface area
Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because 1) the cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large 2) materials cannot enter the cell if it is too large 3) the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes 4) waste products cannot leave the cell if it is too small
the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called 1) the nucleus 2) the cell wall 3) the nuclear membrane 4) the cell membrane
the cell membrane
The shape of a protein is determined by 1) the type and order of its amino acids 2) its size 3) its cell location 4) none of the above
the type and order of its amino acids
How are chloroplasts like mitochondria 1) they can both use energy from sunlight 2) they look alike 3) they both manufacture food and release energy 4) they are both found in animal cells
they both manufacture food and release energy
Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes 1) They have a nucleus 2) They were found on Earth before eukaryotes 3) The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes 4) None of the above
they were found on Earth before eukaryotes
(picture) The cell uses structure 3 1) to transport material from one part of the cell to the other 2) to package proteins so they can be stored by the cell 3) as a receptor 4) to produce energy
to produce energy
Plant cells have large membrane-bound spaces in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. These places are known as 1) mitochondria 2) chloroplasts 3) GA 4) vacuoles
vacuoles