Biology Unit 6 Test

the conduction of food, water, and minerals

Two main functions of stems are the support of the plant body and __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. the conduction of food, water, and minerals the anchoring of the plant photosynthesis gas exchange

cellulose

The material which provides rigidity to cell walls is called _____________________.

fruit

The matured ovary of a plant is a: flower seed pedical fruit

parenchyma

The most common plant cell, found in practically all parts of the plant body; important for food production, food storage, lateral transport, and other life processes; an almost round cell in some tissues.

is constant

The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal: varies is constant is reduced in half with reproduction is always 46

cytoplasm

The organic materials between the membrane and nucleus, which contains a variety of tiny bodies, or organelles.

epidermis

The outermost layer of plant cells or tissue, providing a covering for the plant body.

morphology

The outward shape and appearance of a plant represents its ______________________________.

False

The protoplasm and cytoplasm of a plant are interchangeable terms. True False

protoplast

The protoplasmic unit of a cell, usually made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm, but excluding a cell wall

everything inside the cell wall, but not including the cell wall

The protoplast consists of: everything inside the cell membrane everything inside the cell wall, but not including the cell wall everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus everything inside the nucleus

cell wall

The rigid wall of plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane.

adventitious

The root system which helps stabilize soil from erosion is the ________________________________ root system.

True

The roots of a plant absorb nutrients from the soil. True False

inflorescence

The specific pattern of flower arrangement of a plant.

morphology

The study of growth characteristics of a plant is called developmental __________________________.

chromosome

The threadlike bodies apparent in the nucleus during certain phases of cell division; carries the genes or inheritance units of a cell; segments of DNA molecules.

chloroplast

The tiny body that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place in this part of the cell.

mitochondria

The tiny rod-shaped cell bodies where aerobic respiration occurs; the cell powerhouses.

ribosome

The tiny, dot-like bodies in the cytoplasm or part of the endoplasmic reticulum; important in protein synthesis.

the large internal surface area

The total energy production of a mitochondrion is enhanced by: the large internal surface area its ability to produce its ability to enlarge when needed its external shape

ribonucleic acid

The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by: ribosomes DNA E.R. ribonucleic acid

fibrous taproot

The two basic types of root systems are _________________________________________________________________________. fibrous taproot bulbs adventitious tubers

to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes secrete and store high-energy compounds

The two main functions of the Golgi body are _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Select all that may apply. produce energy by way of photosynthesis to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes assemble proteins break down food molecules into energy secrete and store high-energy compounds

xylem

The water and mineral conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.

gas exchange

Two main functions of leaves are photosynthesis and __________________________________________. the anchoring of the plant gas exchange the conduction of food, water, and minerals photosynthesis

anthocyanins minerals dissolved proteins sugars calcium oxalate

(Select all that apply.) Choose the five substances that can be found in the cell vacuoles. anthocyanins minerals DNA dissolved proteins lipids sugars calcium oxalate

interpret coded information decompose chemicals perform maintenance convert energy duplicate itself selective exchange synthesize chemicals

(Select all that apply.) Choose the operations conducted by the "cell factory." interpret coded information decompose chemicals perform maintenance convert energy duplicate itself selective exchange synthesize chemicals

cells are very different, yet have similar properties

A remarkable fact about cells is: all types of cells are almost identical different types have few similarities cells are very different, yet have similar properties

Golgi bodies

Flattened membrane sacs and tubes that are believed to be centers for collecting and packaging cell structures and enzymes.

True

A plant chloroplast is a plastid. True False

annual

A plant that completes its life cycle from seed germination through fruit and seed production within a year's time.

tissue culture

A propagation method known as _________________________________________________ has shown that one individual cell has the potential to develop into a whole plant.

membrane

A protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for cells.

the anchoring of the plant

Two main functions of roots are the conduction of water and minerals and _______________________________________________________________________________

photosynthesis

No lifeform, whether human or animal, could exist on the earth without the process of _______________________________________, which is mostly associated with plants.

collenchyma

Oblong cells with unevenly thickened walls for support in young stems.

chromoplasts

Orange

False

Photosynthesis takes place solely in the leaves of green plants. True False

vacuoles a plasma membrane a nucleus cytoplasm

Plant cells and animal cells both have __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. (Select all that apply.) vacuoles a cell wall chloroplasts a plasma membrane a nucleus cytoplasm

True

Plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy. True False

sclerenchyma

A plant cell of a long fiber type or variable sclereid type; important in plant body support; may be part of xylem or phloem tissues.

approximately 350 years ago

When was the "cell" first identified and named? approximately 250 years ago approximately 500 years ago approximately 400 years ago approximately 350 years ago

False

Energy plus matter is sufficient for continued development of order, complexity or growth. True False

True

Evolution theory is based on the supposition that energy plus matter plus natural chemical combinations are sufficient to ultimately produce functioning interrelated complex systems. True False

matter genetic information energy

(Select all that apply.) Which of the following does the plant need in order for it to germinate and develop? entropy matter soil genetic information energy

DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid). The chemical structure of genes which control inheritance.

dicotyledon

(dicot). A flowering plant with seeds having two seed leaves, e.g., bean.

monocotyledon

(monocot). A flowering plant with seeds having one seed leaf, e.g., corn.

nucleus

(pl. nuclei). The protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; bodies found in the nucleus are chromosomes and the nucleolus.

RNA

(ribonucleic acid). A chemical important in taking blueprint messages from DNA of the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis instructions.

plant

A _____________ cell has a cell wall and a water vacuole to help maintain a rigid structure.

the basic building block of organisms

A cell is: a simple organic unit the basic building block of organisms only found in animals always an organism

vacuole

A cell storage body that increases in size with age; included within, but not a part of the cytoplasm; storage materials are often water and poisonous by-products of cell activities.

False

A chloroplast consists solely of a football shaped container of chlorophyll. True False

nucleolus

A concentration of the nucleic acid RNA, which is important in carrying chemical messages to other bodies in the cytoplasm.

cell wall

A feature of plants that gives shape and texture and provides support.

stamen

A flower part; a ring of pollen-producing appendages of a flower; inside the petals, but outside the carpels.

sepal

A flower part; the outermost ring of leaflike appendages of a flower; often green or inconspicuous, outside the petals.

petal

A flower part; the ring of leaflike appendages occurring inside the sepals, but outside the stamens.

endosperm

A food storage tissue which assists in seed development in flowering plants; may or may not be apparent depending upon the stage of seed maturation.

tissue

A group of similar cells (simple tissue), or unlike cells with a specialized common function (complex tissue).

carpel

A leaflike part of the flower where seeds are produced.

complex tissue

A mass of cells with more than one cell type makes up a _____________________________________________________________.

selectively transfer

A plant cell can _____________________________________________________________ substances between its internal and external environment.

entropy

A running down, or related to the physical law of an increasing tendency for disorganization.

cotyledon

A seed leaf; may store (dicot) or absorb (monocot) food in seeds of flowering plants.

nucleolus

A smaller, darker body found in the nucleus; contains a concentration of RNA; associated with message transfer to the cytoplasm and cell division.

endoplasmic reticulum

A system of membranes that appears to be a factory for life processes and a cell communication system for chemical messages.

product of decomposition of food molecules a form of chemical energy chemical associated with mitochondria

ATP is a: reactant yielding food molecules chemical associated with photosynthesis product of decomposition of food molecules a form of chemical energy chemical associated with mitochondria

30(10 12)

About how many cells does the human body contain? 3(10 6) 3(10 12) 30(10 10) 30(10 12)

atoms

All of the following are part of a plants organizational structure except: atoms organs tissues systems cells

cytoplasm

All the organic substances located between the nucleus and cell membrane; one location of mitochondria, chloroplast, and other tiny bodies.

simple cell

Although the following term is actually obsolete and somewhat misleading, the cell may still be referred to as a ___________________________________________

False

An annual plant bears fruit or flowers every year. True False

True

An entirely new plant can sometimes be generated from a few cells. True False

leaves

Cactus spines are modified ___________________

synthesize and decompose organic substances

Cells are analogous to a chemical factory. They utilize energy to ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. synthesize and decompose organic substances store and decompose organic substances

DNA

Chemical messages originate from: DNA RNA ribosomes E.R.

inflorescence

Clusters of flowers are called: inflorescence epigynous androecium carpels

leucoplasts

Colorless

chloroplasts

Green

chloroplast

Green, football-shaped plastids that carry out the life-support system of photosynthesis.

entropy

In order for a plant to grow, it must overcome the basic universal law of _____________________.

genes

Inherited physical traits are directly related to: chromosomes genes nucleus DNA

chromosomes

Major segments of DNA during cell division.

amino acids

Ribosomes assemble proteins from _____________________________________________. DNA amino acids mitochondria cytoplasm

physicist

Robert Hooke was an English ____________________ who was the first man to describe plant cells.

mitochondria

Rod-shaped structures scattered throughout the cytoplasm that are involved with energy release.

cell

The basic building block of all forms of life.

produced by chloroplasts

The basic food produced by a plant is: produced by mitochondria received through the roots produced by chloroplasts

germination

The beginning of the development of a plant from a seed is called ________________________________.

energy

The capacity to do or perform work.

nucleus

The cell headquarters and inheritance; controls and orders the activities of the cell.

False

The construction of the cell walls of all plants is similar. True False

phloem

The food-conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.

True

Vacuoles are reservoirs in plant cells that help maintain water balance. True False

fruit

What do the terms, "Samara" "Capsules" "Pod" "Achene" have in common? fruit inflorescence roots vegetables

ecological

What type of general classification is a xerophyte? root characteristics ecological reproduction climatic

because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes

Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch? because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes because it consists of numerous independent subunits