Biology Unit 6 Test
the conduction of food, water, and minerals
Two main functions of stems are the support of the plant body and __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. the conduction of food, water, and minerals the anchoring of the plant photosynthesis gas exchange
cellulose
The material which provides rigidity to cell walls is called _____________________.
fruit
The matured ovary of a plant is a: flower seed pedical fruit
parenchyma
The most common plant cell, found in practically all parts of the plant body; important for food production, food storage, lateral transport, and other life processes; an almost round cell in some tissues.
is constant
The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal: varies is constant is reduced in half with reproduction is always 46
cytoplasm
The organic materials between the membrane and nucleus, which contains a variety of tiny bodies, or organelles.
epidermis
The outermost layer of plant cells or tissue, providing a covering for the plant body.
morphology
The outward shape and appearance of a plant represents its ______________________________.
False
The protoplasm and cytoplasm of a plant are interchangeable terms. True False
protoplast
The protoplasmic unit of a cell, usually made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm, but excluding a cell wall
everything inside the cell wall, but not including the cell wall
The protoplast consists of: everything inside the cell membrane everything inside the cell wall, but not including the cell wall everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus everything inside the nucleus
cell wall
The rigid wall of plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane.
adventitious
The root system which helps stabilize soil from erosion is the ________________________________ root system.
True
The roots of a plant absorb nutrients from the soil. True False
inflorescence
The specific pattern of flower arrangement of a plant.
morphology
The study of growth characteristics of a plant is called developmental __________________________.
chromosome
The threadlike bodies apparent in the nucleus during certain phases of cell division; carries the genes or inheritance units of a cell; segments of DNA molecules.
chloroplast
The tiny body that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place in this part of the cell.
mitochondria
The tiny rod-shaped cell bodies where aerobic respiration occurs; the cell powerhouses.
ribosome
The tiny, dot-like bodies in the cytoplasm or part of the endoplasmic reticulum; important in protein synthesis.
the large internal surface area
The total energy production of a mitochondrion is enhanced by: the large internal surface area its ability to produce its ability to enlarge when needed its external shape
ribonucleic acid
The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by: ribosomes DNA E.R. ribonucleic acid
fibrous taproot
The two basic types of root systems are _________________________________________________________________________. fibrous taproot bulbs adventitious tubers
to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes secrete and store high-energy compounds
The two main functions of the Golgi body are _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Select all that may apply. produce energy by way of photosynthesis to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes assemble proteins break down food molecules into energy secrete and store high-energy compounds
xylem
The water and mineral conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.
gas exchange
Two main functions of leaves are photosynthesis and __________________________________________. the anchoring of the plant gas exchange the conduction of food, water, and minerals photosynthesis
anthocyanins minerals dissolved proteins sugars calcium oxalate
(Select all that apply.) Choose the five substances that can be found in the cell vacuoles. anthocyanins minerals DNA dissolved proteins lipids sugars calcium oxalate
interpret coded information decompose chemicals perform maintenance convert energy duplicate itself selective exchange synthesize chemicals
(Select all that apply.) Choose the operations conducted by the "cell factory." interpret coded information decompose chemicals perform maintenance convert energy duplicate itself selective exchange synthesize chemicals
cells are very different, yet have similar properties
A remarkable fact about cells is: all types of cells are almost identical different types have few similarities cells are very different, yet have similar properties
Golgi bodies
Flattened membrane sacs and tubes that are believed to be centers for collecting and packaging cell structures and enzymes.
True
A plant chloroplast is a plastid. True False
annual
A plant that completes its life cycle from seed germination through fruit and seed production within a year's time.
tissue culture
A propagation method known as _________________________________________________ has shown that one individual cell has the potential to develop into a whole plant.
membrane
A protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for cells.
the anchoring of the plant
Two main functions of roots are the conduction of water and minerals and _______________________________________________________________________________
photosynthesis
No lifeform, whether human or animal, could exist on the earth without the process of _______________________________________, which is mostly associated with plants.
collenchyma
Oblong cells with unevenly thickened walls for support in young stems.
chromoplasts
Orange
False
Photosynthesis takes place solely in the leaves of green plants. True False
vacuoles a plasma membrane a nucleus cytoplasm
Plant cells and animal cells both have __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. (Select all that apply.) vacuoles a cell wall chloroplasts a plasma membrane a nucleus cytoplasm
True
Plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy. True False
sclerenchyma
A plant cell of a long fiber type or variable sclereid type; important in plant body support; may be part of xylem or phloem tissues.
approximately 350 years ago
When was the "cell" first identified and named? approximately 250 years ago approximately 500 years ago approximately 400 years ago approximately 350 years ago
False
Energy plus matter is sufficient for continued development of order, complexity or growth. True False
True
Evolution theory is based on the supposition that energy plus matter plus natural chemical combinations are sufficient to ultimately produce functioning interrelated complex systems. True False
matter genetic information energy
(Select all that apply.) Which of the following does the plant need in order for it to germinate and develop? entropy matter soil genetic information energy
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid). The chemical structure of genes which control inheritance.
dicotyledon
(dicot). A flowering plant with seeds having two seed leaves, e.g., bean.
monocotyledon
(monocot). A flowering plant with seeds having one seed leaf, e.g., corn.
nucleus
(pl. nuclei). The protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; bodies found in the nucleus are chromosomes and the nucleolus.
RNA
(ribonucleic acid). A chemical important in taking blueprint messages from DNA of the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis instructions.
plant
A _____________ cell has a cell wall and a water vacuole to help maintain a rigid structure.
the basic building block of organisms
A cell is: a simple organic unit the basic building block of organisms only found in animals always an organism
vacuole
A cell storage body that increases in size with age; included within, but not a part of the cytoplasm; storage materials are often water and poisonous by-products of cell activities.
False
A chloroplast consists solely of a football shaped container of chlorophyll. True False
nucleolus
A concentration of the nucleic acid RNA, which is important in carrying chemical messages to other bodies in the cytoplasm.
cell wall
A feature of plants that gives shape and texture and provides support.
stamen
A flower part; a ring of pollen-producing appendages of a flower; inside the petals, but outside the carpels.
sepal
A flower part; the outermost ring of leaflike appendages of a flower; often green or inconspicuous, outside the petals.
petal
A flower part; the ring of leaflike appendages occurring inside the sepals, but outside the stamens.
endosperm
A food storage tissue which assists in seed development in flowering plants; may or may not be apparent depending upon the stage of seed maturation.
tissue
A group of similar cells (simple tissue), or unlike cells with a specialized common function (complex tissue).
carpel
A leaflike part of the flower where seeds are produced.
complex tissue
A mass of cells with more than one cell type makes up a _____________________________________________________________.
selectively transfer
A plant cell can _____________________________________________________________ substances between its internal and external environment.
entropy
A running down, or related to the physical law of an increasing tendency for disorganization.
cotyledon
A seed leaf; may store (dicot) or absorb (monocot) food in seeds of flowering plants.
nucleolus
A smaller, darker body found in the nucleus; contains a concentration of RNA; associated with message transfer to the cytoplasm and cell division.
endoplasmic reticulum
A system of membranes that appears to be a factory for life processes and a cell communication system for chemical messages.
product of decomposition of food molecules a form of chemical energy chemical associated with mitochondria
ATP is a: reactant yielding food molecules chemical associated with photosynthesis product of decomposition of food molecules a form of chemical energy chemical associated with mitochondria
30(10 12)
About how many cells does the human body contain? 3(10 6) 3(10 12) 30(10 10) 30(10 12)
atoms
All of the following are part of a plants organizational structure except: atoms organs tissues systems cells
cytoplasm
All the organic substances located between the nucleus and cell membrane; one location of mitochondria, chloroplast, and other tiny bodies.
simple cell
Although the following term is actually obsolete and somewhat misleading, the cell may still be referred to as a ___________________________________________
False
An annual plant bears fruit or flowers every year. True False
True
An entirely new plant can sometimes be generated from a few cells. True False
leaves
Cactus spines are modified ___________________
synthesize and decompose organic substances
Cells are analogous to a chemical factory. They utilize energy to ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. synthesize and decompose organic substances store and decompose organic substances
DNA
Chemical messages originate from: DNA RNA ribosomes E.R.
inflorescence
Clusters of flowers are called: inflorescence epigynous androecium carpels
leucoplasts
Colorless
chloroplasts
Green
chloroplast
Green, football-shaped plastids that carry out the life-support system of photosynthesis.
entropy
In order for a plant to grow, it must overcome the basic universal law of _____________________.
genes
Inherited physical traits are directly related to: chromosomes genes nucleus DNA
chromosomes
Major segments of DNA during cell division.
amino acids
Ribosomes assemble proteins from _____________________________________________. DNA amino acids mitochondria cytoplasm
physicist
Robert Hooke was an English ____________________ who was the first man to describe plant cells.
mitochondria
Rod-shaped structures scattered throughout the cytoplasm that are involved with energy release.
cell
The basic building block of all forms of life.
produced by chloroplasts
The basic food produced by a plant is: produced by mitochondria received through the roots produced by chloroplasts
germination
The beginning of the development of a plant from a seed is called ________________________________.
energy
The capacity to do or perform work.
nucleus
The cell headquarters and inheritance; controls and orders the activities of the cell.
False
The construction of the cell walls of all plants is similar. True False
phloem
The food-conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.
True
Vacuoles are reservoirs in plant cells that help maintain water balance. True False
fruit
What do the terms, "Samara" "Capsules" "Pod" "Achene" have in common? fruit inflorescence roots vegetables
ecological
What type of general classification is a xerophyte? root characteristics ecological reproduction climatic
because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes
Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch? because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes because it consists of numerous independent subunits