biology unit 9 quiz 3

keystone species

A species vital in an ecosystem is the ________________.

1. Lack of rain results in reduced water levels and an expanded shore. 2. Lichens and bacteria break down rocks near the shore into soil. 3. Pine needles, leaves, and branches from shoreline trees drop into the water thereby reducing the lake and expanding the shore. 4. Seeds from trees are dropped on the shore and trees begin to grow. 5. These processes continue until the lake is replaced by a forest.

Arrange the statements below to describe how a lake might become a forest in a period of 100 years. Fill in 1 to 5, 1 being the first to occur.

species

Biodiversity is important because one _______ may be vital to a whole ecosystem.

carbon dioxide, greenhouse, ecosystems

Burning fossil fuels puts an excess amount of ____________ in the atmosphere. This increases the __________ effect which could also affect __________ around the world.

species

By putting them in a zoo, passing a law, or preserving their natural habitat, you can preserve a(n) _____________ .

genetic, medicinal

It contributes to _______ diversity and there are _________, industrial, and agricultural uses of

false

Lichens and pioneer species are the last to arrive in an ecosystem.

false

Lichens depend on pioneer species

false

Lichens need soil.

1. grasses 2. shrubs 3. small trees 4. large trees

Order the following organisms involved in old-field successions as to when they occur

false

Pioneer species may depend upon lichens to build the soil

false

Pioneer species need soil, but not as much and not as good quality as the species that follow them.

pioneer species

The first plants and animals to inhabit a newly available ecosystem are the ____________.

hunting elephants for their ivory

The following can save individual species from being extinct except _____.

biodiversity

The numbers and variety of different species in a given area is _________.

phytoplankton, reproduce, oxygen, aquatic, die

These extra nutrients make algae and ____________ extremely happy and they _________ like crazy, causing an algae bloom. Algae blooms can deplete ______ in _______ systems, causing fish and other oxygen dependent organisms to ___.

lichens

They do not need soil to live and they help break down rocks and contribute nutrients to the soil as they die. This is a role of ________.

- tropical rain forests - islands - coastal areas

What are the hot spots of biodiversity on earth? Select all that apply.

old-field, fire

What are two types of secondary succession?

nitrogen oxides

What is released during burning that causes acid rain?

Chances of survival increase because the species is part of all the important relationships it needs for ultimate survival.

What is the advantage of protecting entire ecosystems rather than individual species?

ecosystem, predators, resources, exponential, wipe

When a new animal is introduced to a new _________ where it has no natural _________ and numerous _________, that species will have ____________ population growth and could ____ out all of its resources.

1. use fewer pesticides and fertilizers 2. use non-chemical alternatives

Which of the following actions do you think humans can do to reduce pollutants in runoff?

educator, technical assistant, zookeeper, land planner, natural resource manager, habitat planner

Which of the following are careers one can have in ecology? Select all that apply.

1. Soil is formed from bacteria and lichen on rocks on bare land after a glacier melts. 2. Plants break through cracks and crevices in concrete areas that are not maintained.

Which of the following happen in primary succession? Select all that apply.

establishing more open spaces and regulations

Which of the following is the responsibility of government to save habitats? Select all that apply.

1. Primary succession creates soil with nutrients. 2. Secondary succession builds on primary succession.

Which of the following is true about primary and secondary succession? Select all that apply.

mosses, lichens, bacteria

Which of the following organisms are involved in primary succession? Select all that apply.

using less fuels, establishing more open spaces, establishing new regulations

Which of these is an individual effort for saving a habitat? Select all that apply.

Pioneer species

_______________ make an area more livable for other species that will follow them.

the numbers and variety of different species in a given area

biodiversity

the number of a particular species that an ecosystem can support

carrying capacity

the final and stable community of an ecosystem

climax community

the process of change during which the species in a community are established or replaced

ecological succession

species that are likely to become extinct, if protection measures are not taken

endangered species

greenhouse gases trap radiation from the sun, thereby heating the earth

greenhouse effect

vital species in an ecosystem

keystone species

the first plants and animals to inhabit a newly available ecosystem

pioneer species

occurs in areas where no ecosystems have occurred before. This can include rocks, cliffs, and sand dunes.

primary succession

the water that does not soak into the ground when it rains and then "runs off," normally to a sewer system or a river or ocean.

runoff

occurs in areas where an ecosystem previously existed

secondary succession

species that are declining in numbers and are likely to become endangered, if protective measures are not taken

threatened species