Biology153 - Homework 5

The autonomic nervous system regulates the __ that accompanies different emotions

Physiological arousal

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsically motivated behavior?

Reading a mystery book by your favorite author

When starting a new job, carl's wife suggests he make a quick observation of his coworkers and trust his judgments. The research on thin slices of behavior would support this suggestion because

Relatively accurate judgments can be made based on little information

You experience a minor disruption that threatens a part of your life. Most likely, you will experience body changes, thoughts, and actions associated with the psychological process of

Stress

In a study, participants are shown two soundless 30-second clips of unfamiliar political candidates and asked to determine which candidate had won a recent election. Based on prior research on thin slices of behavior, how accurate would you predict the participant's judgments to be

Very accurate because nonverbal behavior provides sufficient information

What key feature helps us tell the difference between a genuine smile and a fake smile

A small crinkle appears at the corners of the eyes.

It is not uncommon for us to hold stereotypes toward people. The main advantage of forming a stereotype is that is __. The main disadvantage is that it __.

Allows for rapid mental processing, can potentially lead to errors

Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment. The environment affects human biology. In turn, biology affects behavior. This description fits the __ model of health psychology

Biopsychosocial

Your roommate is hostile, very competitive, and pessimistic. On the basis of recent research, which of the following health problems is your roommate most likely to experience later in life

Cardiovascular disease

Casey attends a party with hundreds of other students. She knows that she could become infected with COVID-19, but she rationalizes her behavior by saying that she is young and won't get that sick. Casey is using this explanation because she is uncomfortable with the inconsistency between her behavior and beliefs. Which of the following principles best explains Casey's explanation

Cognitive dissonance

At a college in the united states, a female runner was found to have XY sex chromosomes, a lack of ovaries and a uterus, and have internal testes that produce high levels of testosterone. This summer may be described as being intersex because she

Does not clearly fall into the binary of being biologically male or biologically female

Which of the following is an example of safer sex

Getting a vaccination for HPV, which also protects against most other STIs

Which of the following best describes the foot-in-the-door technique

If you agree to a small request, you are more likely to comply with a larger request

Stanley Milgram's experiment illustrated the phenomenon of

Obedience

Gender identity is best understood as being __ and sexual orientation is best understood as being __

On a continuum, on a continuum

Alyssa and Amara's first year together was intense and arousing. However, their desire for each other has since declined and neither is satisfied. Ultimately, they decide to end their relationship. Alyssa and Amara's relationship had __ love, but it did not have __ love

Passionate, companionate

According to your textbook, a large number of studies have examined the relationship between attitude and health. What type of relationships have these studies all shown between people's attitudes and their health.

People with positive attitudes are healthier than people with negative attitudes

Rhiannon and Seth are having a discussion about exercise. Seth contends that exercise is only good for improving a person's physical health. Rhiannon replies that exercise is actually good for physical, as well as emotional and cognitive helath. Who is correct

Rhiannon, since exercise, has been shown to improve all aspects of health

Both males and females have sex glands referred to as gonads. In males, the gonads are __ and in females, they are __

Testes, ovaries

One difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves

The amount of food that is typically consumed

The failure to offer help to someone observed to be in need when other people are present is referred to as

The bystander intervention effect

When a person is described as a transgender, what does this mean

They have a gender identity that is not the same as their biological sex

According to research, which of these people eos least likely to be sexually aroused by erotic photographs of women

Thomas, a homosexual man

When men and women are placed under similar levels of stress

Women are more likely than men to seek out social support

The 23rd chromosome pair determines biological sex. In females, the chromosomes are __ while in males, the chromosomes are __

XX, XY

Frank blames his poor performance on a recent math exam on the professor for creating an impossible exam instead of himself for not studying. Frank's reasoning illustrates the

actor/observer bias

general adaptation syndrom (GAS) proposes three levels of stress resisitance. which of the following lists the correct order of stages

alarm - resistance - exhaustion

Which brain region processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions

amygdala

According to the elaboration likelihood model, persuasion occurs through the _____ routes

central and peripheral

When all participants in her class said they liked to dance, jill reported liking to dance too, even though she dislikes dancing. The way Jill reported an opinion that differed from her private preferences about dancing so that her opinion matched that of her classmates is an example of

conformity

Hal is a police officer who believes that all elderly people are bad drivers. He issues tickets to a lot of elderly drivers. The way that Hal unfairly targets and punishes elderly drivers is best described as

discrimination

which of the following can be categorized as a primary emotion

disgust

When he misses lunch, Augustus knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency. Pretty soon, he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat. Augustus was motivated to eat because he experiences the psychological state called a __, which will reduce hist state of deficiency

drive

You run into your ex-partner at a party and decide to put on your biggest smile even though you hate their guts. However, as the party goes on, you realize that you actually feel happy. These results most strongly support the

facial feedback hypothesis

Claude Bouchard found that identical twins have similar weights regardless of whether they are raised together or apart. This study provides evidence for the idea that

genes play an important role in weight gain

Which of the following is not one of the three major components of attitudes

goals

According to the research of Masters and Johnson, the sexual response cycle includes all of the following stages except

inhibtion

Toby generally feels sad and pessimistic. Today, however, he received an award for his academic performance, and toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant. Toby's usual sadness and pessimism are a __; his current optimism and exuberance are a __

mood, emotion

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called

motivation

Tom believes that it is his wife's role to do the laundry and cook the means because that is what he saw his own mother do when he was growing up. Based on this, Tom's expectations about gender roles in the household were shaped by

observational learning

Antoinette is a real risk-taker, she loves to skydive, and she can party all night. Benita dislikes risk-taking and prefers quieter activities, such as reading and yoga. These contrasting preferences in the rate of physiological activation they experience suggest that Antionette and Benita differ in their

optimal levels of arousal

The cannon bard theory argues that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur

roughly simultaneously and independently

When little Billy first meets his new babysitter, Tanya, billy assumes that Tanya is male because she has short hair and is wearing a football jersey. Billy's mistake was most likely due to a mismatch between his own gender __ and Tanya's gender __

schema, expression

Information about gender roles and gender identity is a part of a person's cognitive structures that organize information about gender categories. These cognitive structures are called gender

schemas

Josh is required to complete a group project for his statistics class. He is one of a large number of people in his group. Since there are so many of them working, he is taking it easy and not putting as much effort as he would if there were fewer people working. John's behavior best illustrates the phenomenon of

social loafing

Common beliefs about people of particular genders based on many people's similar gender schemas are called gener

stereotypes

A stressor is any event or stimulus that

threatens an organism and elicits a coping response

which dimension in the circumplex model of describing emotions corresponds with how positive or negative an emotion is

valence

Sarah is trying to be the healthiest person she can possibly be and feel satisfied with life. Sarah is focusing on her

well- being

you are walking through the jungle and you see a huge snake. which of the following explanations best represents the james-lange theory of emotion

you are afraid because you are shaking