Biomedical Pharmacology HSAD 020 Examination #4

10. The mainstay of therapy for Parkinson's disease is

- Levodopa is converted into dopamine by nerve cells in the brain, which relieves some stiffness and tremors, which are the most troubling and common symptom of the disease.

14. Drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease work by:

- NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, which works by regulating the activity of glutamate, an important neurotransmitter in the brain involved in learning and memory.

11.The enzyme dopa decarboxylase:

- This is an enzyme that breaks down L-Dopa in the periphery and converts it to dopamine. (ase means building together) L---> DA PNS preferable nerves system and CNS

34. According to 2005 Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates, approximately what percentage of state prisoners used drugs regularly prior to incarceration?

- 70%

13.The current treatment for delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease is primarily:

- Aricept is the only treatment approved by the FDA for all stages of Alzheimer's disease: mild, moderate, and severe

8. Based on your knowledge of the cellular basis of Parkinsonism and psychotropic drugs, you would expect drugs used to treat ________ to worsen Parkinson's symptoms.

- Depression

5. The drug class of choice for treating childhood and adolescent depression is:

- SSRI

17. Which of the following best defines codependency?

- a psychological condition or a relationship in which a person is controlled or manipulated by another who is affected with a pathological condition (such as an addiction to alcohol or heroin); broadly: dependence on the needs of or control by another

15. The mechanism of action of Memantine is:

- antagonists (mild)

9. The clinical syndrome of Parkinsonism includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

- comprising combinations of motor problems-namely, bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, flexed posture, "freezing," and loss of postural reflexes.

6. The only antidepressant well documented for, and approved by the FDA for, the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents is:

- fluoxetine(Prozac)

12. Undesirable side effects are minimized by combining levadopa with carbidopa, a drug which acts to:

- is a chemical related to dopamine, and it is converted into dopamine within the brain.

4. Adderall, a drug used to treat ADHD, is a form of:

- methylphenidare (Amphetamine / stimulant)

7. At the cellular level, the biological basis for Parkinsonism is best described as:

- neurodegenative disease

3. The drug class of choice for treating ADHD is:

- stimulants

28. Which of the following are common errors that new and inexperienced addiction counselors make in group treatment, according to the textbook?

1. Failure to have a realistic view of group treatment 2. Self-disclosure issues and the failure to drop the "mask" of professionalism 3. Agency issues and personal style 4. Failure to understand the stages of therapy 5. Failure to recognize countertransference issues 6. Failure to clarify group rules 7. Failure to use the entire group effectively by focusing on individual problems 8. Failure to plan in advance 9. Failure to integrate new members into the group 10. Failure to understand interactions in the group as a metaphor for drug-related issues occurring in the group member's family of origin.

23. Which of the following is involved in the early steps of treatment?

1. Hitting Bottom 2. Denial 3. Breaking Through Denial 4. Intervention

36. Coerced treatment includes which of the following?

1. Hitting Bottom The earlier addiction is recognized, accepted, and treated, the more likely the individual will have good health and enjoy a rewarding life. Addicts need not hit bottom to accept that they have a chemical dependency problem and participate in treatment. 2. Denial Overcoming denial is the first step in all treatment. Denial is a refusal to acknowledge the negative impact that drug use is having on a person's life. 3. Breaking Through Denial The addict is usually the last person to recognize and accept her or his addiction. 4. intervention

16.Which of the following best describes chronic, high-dose marijuana use?

A) abuse can cause true addiction with both physical and emotional dependence B) onset of withdrawal symptoms is often delayed for several days or weeks after cessation of use C) though uncomfortable, physical withdrawal from marijuana dependence rarely requires medical treatment.

18. Which of the following is the correct sequence for stages of change?

The six stages of the model are: • precontemplation. • contemplation. • determination. • action. • maintenance. • termination.

1. Of the following, the drug-class of choice for treating aggression in children is:

• (Aripiprazole (Abilify)) risperidone

24. Which of the following statements correctly address the treatment needs regarding polydrug abuse or co-occurring addictions?

• Addiction must be addressed as chemical dependency rather than a drug specific problem.

31. The most practical and widely used alcohol and other drug abuse assessment questionnaire for diagnosis and treatment planning is the

• American society of addiction medicine patient placement criteria (ASAM-PPC)

27. Which of the following actions are harm reduction strategies?

- Include drug replacement therapy, needle exchange, decriminalization, and controlled drinking. Most treatment centers employ an abstinence-based philosophy that also incorporates many harm reduction techniques.

26. Which of the following are principles of effective treatment?

• Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior. • No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. • Treatment must be readily available. • Effective treatment attends to all needs of an individual, not just drug use. • An individual's treatment and services plan must be assessed continually • Remaining in treatment for enough time is critical for positive outcomes • Counseling (individuals, groups) and other behavioral therapist are the most common forms of treatment • Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients. • An individual's treatment and service plan must be assessed continually and modified when necessary to ensure that it meets the person's changing needs • Many drug-addicted individuals have other mental disorders • Medically assisted detoxification is only the first stage of addiction treatment and by itself does little to change long-term drug use. • Treatment need not be voluntary to be effective • Drug use during treatment must be monitored continuously as lapses during treatment do occur • Treatment programs should provide assessment for infectious diseases as well as risk reduction counseling to help change behaviors that place themselves or other at risk of infections.

37. Which of the follow statements about eating disorders and substance abuse are true?

• Common personality characteristics observed in both groups consist of secretiveness, ritualistic behaviors, obsession, social isolation, cravings, and a high tendency to relapse. A. statement 1 and 2 only

S3) What was the MAIN reason it is so important to address mental illnesses in adolescents/children?

• Early detection and intervention strategies work. They can help improve resilience and the ability to succeed in school & life.

21. Which of the following best describes desensitization (cue extinction) in relapse prevention?

• Exposing addict triggers 40 to 50 time in a controlled environment this gradually decrease response to cues until there is no trigger or craving for it.

22. Which of the following techniques are aspects of motivational interviewing?

• Express empathy • Roll with resistance • Develop discrepancy • Support self-efficacy • precontemplation. • contemplation. • determination. • action. • Maintenance and relapse prevention

32. Through the use of brain-imaging technology, researchers have gained insight into risk factors in the brains of people with a family history of alcoholism and found that

• Having extra dopamine receptor usually provides a protective factor for people with family history of alcoholism.

S2) Name TWO ways pharmacists/MD work to reduce medication effect/side effects with older patients.

• Keep accurate list of all medication and relay information to other important sources. • Give detailed instructions for each medication

S4) What were the TWO primary goals of effective treatment?

• Motivation towards abstinence • Creating a drug-free lifestyle

20. What is the name for the medical strategy to treat addiction targeted at the addiction caused imbalance of brain chemistry that reinforces the need to continue drug use.

• Restoration of homeostasis

2. New reports suggest the following class of drug is most efficacious for treating autism:

• Risperidone (Atypical antipsychotic)

25. Which of the following are post-acute withdrawal symptoms?

• Sleep disturbances • Memory problems • Inability to think clearly • Anxiety and hypersensitivity to stress • Inappropriate emotional reactions, mood swings • Physical coordination difficulties

S1) Name TWO body systems in which aging can produce a large effect and impact the distribution of medications.

• The cardiovascular system, renal system, and the gastrointestinal system are large effect and impact the distribution of medications as we age.

35. One of the reasons why there is increasing use of medications to treat addiction is because

• are used to develop different types of medications to help addicts recover can also be classified based on the targeted stag of recovery or by the way they affect neurochemistry.

19. Sobriety means abstinence from drug(s) of abuse, whereas recovery means

• as "a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live self-directed lives and strive to reach their full potential.

30. If you are conducting research to learn about the metabolic function of drugs in different parts of the brain, which of the following imaging techniques should be used?

• fMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging)

29. In which of the following ways can medications (drugs) be appropriately used to support people in treatment and recovery?

• for detoxification and withdrawal, and long-term abstinence

33. Which of the following meets the definition of harm reduction?

• is a set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use.