block 2
Identify the early uses of cannabis.
For making cloth and paper
Identify a club drug that works as a painkiller without inhibiting breathing.
Ketamine
_____ is a benzodiazepine that has sedative effects on its users.
Rohypnol
Identify the most common route of administration for marijuana use in the United States.
Smoking
If a hallucinogenic drug user sees millions of color droplets with his or her eyes closed, he or she is experiencing a symptom of _____.
eyeball movies
What amount of "absolute" alcohol consumed in less than an hour will result in a blood-alcohol concentration of roughly 0.05 percent in a person of average size?
1 ounce
According to the findings of archaeologists, the earliest known use of marijuana by humans dates back to _____ years.
10,000
The half-life of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the blood is _____ hours.
19
The cannabis plant contains close to _____ chemicals.
400
In the context of unconventional behavior, identify the life circumstances that are connected with the mid-teens to early twenties. (Check all that apply.)
A growing independence from adult supervision A relative freedom from adult responsibilities
Identify the structural variable most strongly correlated with the use of marijuana.
Age
Identify the most widely used drug in existence, almost omnipresent the world over.
Alcohol
Which of the following statements are true about the similarities between the drugs Ecstasy, Rohypnol, ketamine, and GHB? (Check all that apply.)
All of these drugs are classified as club drugs. All of these drugs are synthetic chemicals.
Identify the most commonly used illegal substance in the United States.
Cannabis
_____ is the fourth most widely used psychoactive substance in the world.
Cannabis
A drug was synthesized early in the twentieth century and patented by Merck as a possible appetite suppressant where it lay on a shelf for decades. Because of the drug's mind-altering properties, most notably, its capacity to induce empathy and a sense of "newness" in subjects, quietly, during the 1970s, psychiatrists began using it on their patients as an adjunct to therapy. Which of the following is this drug?
Ecstasy
True or false: Ecstasy is a hallucinogen and generates the powerful visual imagery.
False
True or false: The greater the level or frequency of marijuana use, the greater the female edge.
False
Where is Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) stored in the human body?
Fatty tissue
Which of the following drugs is used by some bodybuilders to help increase muscle mass?
GHB
Which of the following statements is true about LSD intake by humans?
High dosages of LSD are never ingested by humans.
Identify the effects of alcohol. (Check all that apply.)
It causes the body to shut down if the dose is too high. It disorganizes and impairs the ability of the brain to process and use information It retards many functions and activities of the central nervous system
Identify an accurate statement about the rule of equivalency.
It denies that different drinks, independent of their alcohol content, have different levels of potency.
According to Donald Tashkin, which of the following is true of marijuana?
It does not cause lung cancer.
Identify the effect of a blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) of .05 percent in a person's body.
It produces a mild euphoria in most people.
Identify a true statement about the administration of marijuana through smoking.
It releases chemicals that are readily bioavailable in the body.
Identify the true statements about Ecstasy. (Check all that apply.)
It was provisionally classified as a Schedule I drug by the FDA in 1985. It was originally used in psychotherapy.
Which of the following club drugs was used in battlefield medicine during the Vietnam War?
Ketamine
After a given _____ trip is over, users are rarely able to describe their feelings about it in fully positive or fully negative terms; typically, these descriptions are shot through with feelings of ambivalence.
LSD
Identify a drug that is least frequently used by people in the United States.
LSD
Which of the following is by far the best-known and most widely used of all hallucinogens in the United States?
LSD
Identify the association between LSD intake and genetic damage in humans.
LSD induces genetic damage only when taken in massive dosages.
Identify a true statement about marijuana use among males and females.
Males are more likely than females to use marijuana.
According to general beliefs, which of the following drug is the least addicting to humans?
Marijuana
Which of the following drugs has the least withdrawal effect on its users?
Marijuana
_____ is a drug which is composed of the resin, flowering tops, buds, and leaves of a botanical herb whose name is Cannabis sativa.
Marijuana
_____ is one of the least toxic drugs known to humans.
Marijuana
When she is under the influence of LSD, Maria says that she can see the molecules of the chair that she is sitting on. In this scenario, which of the following subjective effects of LSD does Maria primarily experience?
Multilevel reality
In the context of conventions, identify the individual who is most likely to try and use marijuana.
One who believes that the effects of marijuana are benign
Identify a subjective effect of LSD that creates a perception of a materially nonexistent physical object created out of whole cloth and felt by the subject to be actually there.
Pseudohallucination
Which of the following subjective effects is a relative rarity under the influence of LSD?
Pseudohallucination
Which of the following drugs is regarded as a hallucinogen?
Psilocybin
Identify a benzodiazepine that is roughly 10 times as potent as Valium and, in high doses, can cause unconsciousness and short-term paralysis and amnesia.
Rohypnol
Identify the subjective effect of LSD in which a user sees flashes of colors in response to an auditory stimulus.
Synesthesia
Why does LSD, a hallucinogen, almost never produce a dependency in its users? (Check all that apply.)
The LSD experience requires a substantial effort depending on the dose. LSD does not allow one to be high all of one's waking hours.
Identify the features of marijuana cultivation that make the drug virtually impossible to eradicate. (Check all that apply.)
The cannabis plant's resilience and hardiness The enormous range and variety of marijuana's sources
Identify the true statements about the legality of marijuana in the United States. (Check all that apply.)
The legality of marijuana adds to law enforcement's problems. Marijuana's possession and sale are partially or wholly decriminalized in most states.
Which of the following is true of alcohol?
The process of manufacturing alcohol is simple and basic.
Identify the factors that mitigate the effects of alcohol on drinkers. (Check all that apply.)
The speed with which one drinks Sex or gender of the drinkers The presence of food and water in the stomach
In the context of the age of users, identify an accurate statement about marijuana use.
The use of marijuana peaks in the late teens to early twenties.
Which of the following is true about the behavioral correlates of marijuana users?
They are more willing to violate rules.
Which of the following activities is most likely to be impaired due to the use of marijuana?
Thinking
True or false: The study conducted by Mark Pletcher found that the use of marijuana has a protective effect which inhibits the growth of a variety of cancers.
True
According to Senator James Eastland, the use of marijuana leads to _____.
cellular abnormalities
is an informal name given to a group of illicit substances that are commonly consumed in night clubs
club drugs
_____ is a synthetic analog of the amphetamines.
ecstasy
One of the most common subjective effects of LSD in which users see physical objects in motion is referred to as _____ by drug experts.
eidetic imagery
The _____ school holds that there is a causal mechanism between marijuana and the human brain that leads to the use of and the dependence on more dangerous drugs.
pharmacological
According to the _____ school on drug progression, it is not so much that behavior A (the use of marijuana) causes behavior B (the use of hard drugs), but that factor X (a certain personality syndrome, lifestyle, or orientation to life) causes them both.
predisposition
An LSD user who experiences a sensory overload loses his or her ability to filter out the many sensations bombarding him or her every moment because LSD interferes with the functioning of the _____ in the brain.
reticular formation
The principle which states that the effects of alcohol are determined principally by the volume of absolute alcohol that is drunk rather than the type of drink itself is called the _____.
rule of equivalency
When under the influence of LSD, an individual's bin loses the ability to control the amount of irrelevant impressions and sensations processed by it. This is an example of _____.
sensory overload
When under the influence of LSD, an individual's brain loses the ability to control the amount of irrelevant impressions and sensations processed by it. This is an example of _____.
sensory overload
In the context of marijuana use, the _____ school holds that the progression from marijuana to other drugs takes place because of the activities, friends, and acquaintances with whom the users are involved during the course of use.
sociocultural
When the subjective meaning attached to a stimulus perceived by one sense is translated from one sense to another, an LSD user experiences _____.
synesthesia
Hallucinogenic drugs almost never produce a dependency in their users because _____.
the body builds up a tolerance to these drugs extremely rapidly
In contrast to peer influence, peer pressure implies that _____.
youngsters are forced to engage in activities they find distasteful
Experts agree that the psychoactive agent in marijuana that gets marijuana users high is _____.
Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
The most prominent psychoactive agent in marijuana among the cannabinoids is _____.
Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Identify the true statements about the Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of marijuana. (Check all that apply.)
Different batches of marijuana contain varying proportions of THC. Varieties specially grown without seeds, from California and Hawaii, called sinsemilla, may have as much as 8 percent of THC.
Identify an accurate characteristic associated with the consumption of alcohol.
All drinkers experience a loss of motor skills at a certain point at a fairly low blood-alcohol concentration.
Alcohol is a _____.
Depressant
Which of the following is true about the chemical composition of marijuana?
Different marijuana plants contain varying mixes of a complex brew of chemicals.
_____ is a sedative that produces a state of relaxation and drunkenness without the hangover when prescribed as a sleep aid and an anti-anxiety agent.
GHB
Identify a true statement about drug use.
Legal drugs kill more than ten times as many American as do illegal drugs.
Identify a true statement about phencyclidine (PCP) as depicted in the U.S. media's sensationalistic stories in the 1970s.
The physical risk from PCP is higher than any other illicit drug currently in use.
Which of the following is a characteristic of marijuana?
The plant can thrive under even the harshest growing conditions.
Identify the level of blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) at which even the most experienced drinkers tend to exhibit impairment in motor coordination.
0.10
Arrange the drugs in the order they appeared in the news stories over the years in the United States. Place the drug that appeared first at the top and the drug that appeared last at the bottom.
1. Marijuana 2. LSD 3. Heroin
Arrange the events associated with the publication or broadcast of media stories on the topic of crack in the 1980s in the correct order of occurrence. (Place the event that involved the first mention of crack at the top.)
1. The New York Times 2. Over 1,000 stores 3. CBS's "48 Hours on Crack Street" 4. Over 400
In 1984, then-President Ronald Reagan approved a bill setting the minimum drinking age at _____.
21
Identify a characteristic of blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) level of drivers that is linked to car accidents.
A BAC level of 0.02 doubles the likelihood of a fatal accident.
Accuracy in Media, a conservative organization, published a statement by Arne Steinberg entitled "How the Media Glamorize Drugs." Which of the following were part of this statement? (Check all that apply.)
Accusing George Soros, the financier of progressive causes, of attempting to "legalize dangerous mind-altering drugs" Referring to Ken Burns, a filmmaker, as a "left-wing gas-bag"
Identify the generalization about alcohol consumption and the sexual victimization of women as concluded by Maria Testa.
Alcohol intoxication increases the likelihood that women will be sexually victimized.
Identify the beneficial aspects of alcohol. (Check all that apply.)
Alcohol tastes pleasant for most people. Moderate use of alcohol helps to make food even more savory than it ordinarily is.
In the context of sensationalism, identify an argument stated by the money machine theorists.
Attracting advertising revenue is fundamental to making a profit.
Match the levels of blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) of a driver (in the left column) with the corresponding levels of highway fatalities (in the right column)
BAC of 0.05-0.09: increases to 11x 0.1-0.14: 48x 0.15+: 385x
_____ is the only drug for which there exists a mandatory minimum penalty for a first offense of simple possession.
Crack cocaine
What do criminologists and epidemiologists mean when they say that alcohol and violence are related?
Drinkers have higher rates of criminal violence than nondrinkers.
Identify a attitude exhibited in American society during the period of moral panic.
Drug abusers were defined as deviants.
Which of the following drugs is a club drug?
Ecstasy
Match the meanings associated with media bias (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).
Factual bias: The creation of factually and empirically false claims or assertions in order to justify a particular moral, ideological, or political position Selection bias: The focus on the particular facts that support a certain slant or position and ignore those that challenge or undermine it
True or false: Most media practitioners have become less sophisticated about substance abuse than was true in the past.
False
True or false: Most people who drink alcohol also use illegal drugs.
False
True or false: Nowadays, smoking radiates an aura of sexiness, glamour, and charisma.
False
Identify a true statement about the overall assessment of alcohol consumption.
For most societies, moderate consumption of alcohol has proven far more beneficial than harmful.
Which of the following club drugs was classified as a Schedule I drug by the federal government in 2000?
GHB
Beginning approximately during the first years of the twenty-first century, the number of users and abusers who died from an overdose of one or more of the opiates began to rise. Identify the principal opiates involved in these fatal overdoses. (Check all that apply.)
Heroin Fentanyl and its derivatives and analogues Synthetic pharmaceutical chemicals that physicians use to treat pain
Identify a pattern about the media's outlook on drug use in the United States.
In the 1940s and 1950s, the stories about drug abuse declined sharply.
According to Senator James Eastland, identify an accurate statement about the effects of marijuana use.
It adversely affects the reproductive process.
Identify a lingering effect of Δ-9-tetrahyrdocannabinol (THC) on an individual.
It deteriorates the body's motor coordination.
Identify a widely-believed characteristic of marijuana.
It does not produce any withdrawal symptoms.
Which of the following is true about the prohibition on the sale of alcohol to persons under the age of 21 in the United States?
It has led to a decline in alcohol-related highway fatalities among drivers in the 16- to 20-year-old age range.
Identify the general impression about the psychic effects of marijuana intoxication.
It is a pleasurable experience.
Which of the following statements are true about Craig MacAndrew and Robert Edgerton's cognitive guidedness approach to alcohol-related violence? (Check all that apply.)
It is based on the factor of cultural context.
Identify a true statement about media bias.
It is taken as a neutral, descriptive term.
Identify a beneficial consequence of the nationwide prohibition on the sale of alcohol to persons under the age of 21.
It led to a decline in alcohol-related highway fatalities among drivers in the 16- to 20-year-old age range.
Identify an accurate characteristic of methamphetamine as depicted by the media in the late 1980s.
It would be the nation's premier problematic drug.
In contrast to tobacco, which of the following statements is true of marijuana?
Marijuana tends to be used less frequently.
Identify a fact noted by Maria Testa on alcohol consumption and sexual victimization.
Men under the influence of alcohol are more likely to commit violence against women than men who are sober.
According to the media, which of the following was one of the most dependency-producing drugs known to humanity?
Methamphetamine
Identify the principal psychoactive drug in tobacco.
Nicotine
Identify the true statements about news media's approach to publishing false stories. (Check all that apply.)
Not all news media are equally concerned about issues of factual accuracy. Prestigious publications, such as The New York Times, spend a great deal of money, time, and effort engaging in fact-checking.
Identify a generalization about the relationship between alcohol and drug use.
People who drink alcohol are more likely to use illegal drugs than people who do not drink.
Identify the acute effects of cannabis. (Check all that apply.)
Reddening of the eyes Dryness of the mouth
According to the pre-1967 media stories, which of the following were the major dangers posed by the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)? (Check all that apply.)
Self-distruction Insanity
Identify the favorite method of tobacco consumption in the United States today.
Smoking cigarettes
Match the dimensions of drug use (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).
Subjective dimension: the feelings, attitudes, and beliefs of the individuals who engage in drug use. Objective dimension: the actual effects of drugs on humans who use them
When he is under the influence of LSD, Albert says that he sees his pillow turning into 50 million pillows. In this scenario, which of the following subjective effects of LSD does Albert primarily experience?
Subjective exaggeration
Identify the most influential document in the history of the tobacco industry.
The Surgeon General's Report
Identify an accurate characteristic of methamphetamine as depicted by the media in the late 1980s.
The Times They Are A-Changing Era (1960-1970s): A total of 139 drug-related movies were screened, and they substantially depicted illicit drug use more positively than negatively. The "Just Say No" Era (1980s) matches It was an era when drug use and sale were saturated with a "blood-and-bullet-soaked" antidrug moralism, and movie companies marketed 52 films with drug use as their subject. The Modern Drug Cinema Era (1990-2010s) The films of this era depicted drug use in a more neutral and nuanced fashion than did the films of other eras, and 546 movies showing drug use or sale were released.
Match the examples of media institutions (in the left column) with their features based on the factual accuracy of their news stories (in the right column).
The Weekly World News and the National Enquirer: No one fact-checks the stories because everyone knows they are bogus; their purpose is entertainment, not news. Time magazine and The Washington Post: The stories are fact-checked for professional reasons, and these institutions care a great deal about factual accuracy.
Identify the conclusions of Heatherton and Sargent's (2009) own longitudinal research and their summaries of the studies of other investigators related to the portrayal of drug use in the media and its effects on adolescents. (Check all that apply.)
The elimination of depictions of smoking in movies may prevent a significant number of adolescents from smoking. Adolescents who often watch films in which characters smoke are three times more likely to try smoking or become smokers as those who rarely do so.
Which of the following dictated that the same 10-year penalty be imposed for the possession of 50 grams of crack cocaine as for the possession of 5,000 grams of powder cocaine in the 1980s?
The federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act
What made the subject on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in articles newsworthy and believable in the 1960s?
The findings that the drug had horrendous effects
Identify the parts of the human brain that are rich in marijuana receptor sites. (Check all that apply.)
The hippocampus The cerebellum
According to Henry Brownstein, which of the following is true of crack-related violence in the United States during the 1980s?
The media distorted and sensationalized the nature of crack-related violence.
Identify the characteristics that set apart the press coverage of the current opiate overdose crisis from earlier coverage of drug upsurges. (Check all that apply.)
The media stories about the current opiate overdose crisis stress the medical features of the problem. The media stories about the current opiate overdose crisis forge a link with the legal drug industry in causing the explosion of both use and deaths.
Which of the following theories of media bias argues that owners of newspapers and television stations are interested in the bottom line and not in political indoctrination?
The money machine theory
Identify a true statement about the relationship between alcohol and violence as identified by criminologists and epidemiologists.
The more that someone drinks, the greater the likelihood that he or she will inflict violence on another person.
According to the Times/CBS poll of the 1980s, identify an accurate statement about drug use and abuse in the United States.
The most important issue facing the country at that time was drugs.
Identify an indication of nicotine's addicting or dependency-producing properties.
The nicotine level in a smoker's body rises during and immediately after smoking.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which of the following statements is true of alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States in 2011?
The percentage of alcohol-related highway fatalities has declined by 57 percent since 1991.
Which of the following theories of media bias suggests that the media approach the events of the day according to the distinct norms, expectations, and ethics of practitioners of the profession of journalism?
The professional subculture theory
Identify a trend related to drug abuse as noted by the Gallop Poll since the 1970s.
The public's concern over drug abuse rose and fall between the early 1970s and the early 1990s.
Identify the hypothesis that states that alcohol abuse and risky behavior feed back into and fuel each other.
The reciprocal hypothesis
Identify a characteristic associated with nicotine.
The short-term effects of small doses of nicotine are fairly mild and transient.
Identify a true statement about the use of crack in the United States during the 1980s.
The use of crack was anything but universal.
Identify a true statement about the trends in cigarette smoking during the last half-century in the United States.
The volume of cigarette smoking was cut down by 75 percent.
In the context of the relevance of sensationalism to the professional subculture theory of media bias, which of the following statements is true of prestigious media sources?
Their norm of factual accuracy tends to dampen sensationalism.
Identify an accurate statement about smokers.
They are much more likely to die a premature death than nonsmokers are
Identify an accurate statement about LSD trips.
They elicit a formidable sense of ambivalence.
Identify a feature of hallucinogens.
They generate a psychic effect on the users.
Identify a behavioral characteristic of marijuana users.
They have a broad lifestyle dimension.
According to the predisposition model of drug progression, which of the following statements is true of youngsters who smoke cigarettes and drink wine and/or beer at an early age?
They increase their odds of smoking marijuana at a slightly later age.
In the context of conventionality, identify an accurate statement about marijuana users.
They tend to be less traditional in the realm of sexual belief and practices.
According to the sociocultural school on drug progression, which of the following is true of marijuana users?
They tend to make friends who have attitudes toward drug use that are more favorable than those of nonusers.
In the context of sensationalism, which of the following statements are true according to the grassroots theory of media? (Check all that apply.)
To a populist, the fact that a story feels true is more important than whether it has been verified as true. The more sensationalistic a story is, the more it grabs an audience by the throat.
Identify the drug that is used most frequently by smokers in the United States.
Tobacco
Identify the latest estimate issued by the federal Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
Tobacco is by far the country's number one drug menace.
True or false: According to the proponents of the pharmacological school, the relationship between marijuana use and the use of more dangerous drugs is a constant.
True
Which of the following are trends identified by NSDUH's 2016 survey on alcohol use in the United States? (Check all that apply.) Note: NSDUH = National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Underage alcohol use has substantially declined over the course of the past nearly four decades. For young adults age 18-25, the corresponding last-month figures of alcohol use declined from 76 percent in 1979 to 57 percent in 2016.
Identify the central guiding principle of the media's depiction of marijuana's effects in the United States during the 1930s.
Violence
In the United States, the earliest news stories on crack that were published in the 1980s concentrated on a specific theme. The theme was the drug's supposed _____.
addictive property
Sensationalism is relevant to the grassroots theory of media bias because sensationalism _____.
addresses the fact that the general public loves a good, exciting story
The size of a drinker influences blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) because _____.
alcohol registers its impact via the bloodstream
Craig MacAndrew and Robert Edgerton's cognitive guidedness approach to alcohol-related violence maintains that _____.
alcohol's effects are influenced or mediated by cultural norms that dictate that specific forms of behavior are appropriate under the influence, while other forms are defined as completely unacceptable
According to a data from dozens of studies gathered in 16 countries, injuries in _____ were significantly more likely to involve alcohol impairment than in any other setting.
bars
Methamphetamine was said to be instantly addicting like _____.
crack cocaine
To make the public acutely aware of the dangers of meth, some members of the American press quoted officials who compared methamphetamine with _____.
crack cocaine
In the 1960s, media attention to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) triggered _____ legislation in the United States.
criminal
From the point of view of good health, smoking should _____.
decline to the zero point
According to the _____ hypothesis, being under the influence is the key mechanism causing the levels of alcohol to co-vary with risky, deviant behavior.
disinhibition
According to the power-elitist position adopted by Henry Brownstein, in the late 1980s, the media engaged in biased reporting about crack-related killings to _____.
divert attention away from the fundamental problems of the society
Anderson et al. (2009) summarize 13 longitudinal studies that examined the relationship of 38,000 adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising and drinking. The research concluded that _____.
exposure to alcohol advertising among adolescents increases the likelihood that they will begin drinking and will drink more if they are already drinking
The crack-related crimes as portrayed by the U.S. media in the late 1980s included _____.
gangland shooting
According to the _____ theory of media bias, the press responds to the biases of the public at large by reporting stories in ways that are appealing to their readership as a whole.
grassroots
According to a general rule, the use of crack tends to be concentrated mainly _____.
in poverty-stricken communities
When mainstream media, including representatives of the media, is socialized to accept the elite's version of truth, it is referred to as _____.
institutional dominance
Identify an accurate statement about nicotine.
it can be lethal if injected directly into the bloodstream
Identify an impact of nicotine on users.
it inhibits the stomach contractions that are associated with hunger
A noticeable acute effect of cigarette smoking is that, in substantial doses, it can cause shortness of breath because _____.
it releases carbon monoxide, which reduces the body's supply of oxygen to the blood
Identify an accurate characteristic of LSD.
it tends to be used episodically, on a once in a while basis
Sensationalism is relevant to the professional subculture theory of media bias because _____.
journalists believe they have an obligation to personalize, dramatize, and individualize the news
Between the 1930s and the 1960s, _____ had become transformed from killer weed to dropout drug.
marijuana
According to the media in the late 1980s, _____ was the drug of choice for a new generation.
methamphetamine
A heightened, widespread, explosively upsurging feeling on the part of the public that something is terribly wrong in their society because of the moral failure of a specific group of individuals is known as a(n) _____.
moral panic
In the context of its impacts on smokers, an accurate statement about nicotine is that it _____.
narrows the blood vessels
In 2015, Americans age 15 or older consumed an average of 2.32 gallons of absolute alcohol per person per year. This figure is called "apparent" alcohol consumption because _____.
not every drop of the alcohol purchased is necessarily drunk during a given year
According to the disinhibition hypothesis for varying relationship between heavy drinking and violent behavior, alcohol causes risky, deviant behavior because _____.
one of alcohol's effects is a release from the inhibition that result from normative constraints on dangerous acts
By the 1960s, anti-marijuana propagandists and the media in the United States dropped the violence theme and emphasized _____.
passivity
In the 1970s, the media sensationalized _____ by depicting the most violent and bizarre, unusual and atypical effects.
phencyclidine (PCP)
According to the ruling elite theory of media bias, the media distort the truth by _____.
presenting the news in a manner that favors the interests of the ruling class
Before 1967, the US media theme for lysergic acid diethylamide's (LSD) effects was _____.
psychosis
According to Richard Klein, the popularity of smoking will increase in the future because _____.
puffing a lethal substance offers a dangerous attractiveness
The most common periods of use for most marijuana smokers are specifically during _____.
recreational moments
According to the professional subculture theory, the media's bias is slanted toward the norms of _____.
reporters
According to elite theorists, sensationalism is relevant to the ruling-elite theory of media bias because _____.
sensationalistic stories divert attention away from the fundamental, structural problems of society
Sensationalism is relevant to money machine theory of media bias because _____.
sensationalistic stories help in making a profit by attracting a large audience
According to radical critics, the media _____
serve the function of maintaining social control
According to radical critics, the media _____.
serve the function of maintaining social control
In the area of alcohol-related harm, more research has been conducted on _____ than any other type of victimization.
sexual misconduct
The relationship between alcohol abuse and risky, deviant behavior is _____.
strongly contingent on drinking locales or contexts
According to the _____ hypothesis, alcohol abuse and engaging in risky behavior are related because they are effects of a common cause.
susceptibility
In an analysis of the articles on marijuana published in popular US magazines between 1935 and 1940, Himmelstein found that the majority of the articles depicted _____.
the drug as dangerous
The grassroots theory of media bias argues that _____.
the elite are more or less irrelevant to shaping media content
The media do not focus as much attention on drug use as in the past because _____.
the media authorities no longer feel that the recreational use of psychoactive substances is a threat
The money machine theory of media bias argues that _____.
the media tweak the facts and the truth to earn a profit
The Surgeon General's Report argued that _____.
the use of tobacco products represents a serious health hazard to smokers
As a general rule, the public formulates judgments about the seriousness of certain conditions, behavior, and issues, and regards certain behaviors as deviant, on the basis of criteria that are _____.
to some degree independent of the estimates of their objective harm
The complete elimination of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from the body tends to take _____.
two or three weeks
Unlike the subjective dimension, the objective dimension of drug use talks about _____.
what drugs actually do to humans who use them
