Block 2

Which of the following is the cause of low blood glucose levels?

"overshoot" or excessive effect of insulin

What is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of water 1o Celsius?

1 Calorie

Nearly _____ percent of the population of the United States has diabetes.

10

The average female model is 5' 11" and weighs only ______ lbs.

117

Unlike the random plasma glucose test for diabetes, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test diagnoses diabetes as a value of _____.

126 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or above

A 30-year-old has a resting heart rate of 70. Calculate the heart rate training range, from 50 to 85 percent intensity, for the individual using the heart rate reserve method.

130-172

A 25-year-old has a resting heart rate of 65. Calculate the heart rate training range, from 50 to 85 percent intensity, for the individual using the heart rate reserve method.

130-176

The BMI score indicating a healthy weight is

18.5-24.9.

Someone who perceives their exercise to be extremely hard would report which number on the RPE scale?

19

Ninety percent of all cases of diabetes are type ___ diabetes.

2

Type ___, diabetes usually develops in people older than 40 and becomes more common with age.

2

Obesity is a body mass index (BMI) of ______ or greater.

30

A gram of carbohydrates provides approximately ______ Cal.

4

Exercise intensity for older or chronically sedentary people should be approximately what percent of aerobic capacity?

40%

Muscles need time to recover and adapt between workouts. What is the recommended amount of rest time between resistance-training sessions

48 hours

Moderate intensity is considered to be what percent of aerobic capacity?

50-59%

Match the ranges of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (in the left column) with the percentages of the heart rate training range for most young adults (in the right column). 12 - 14 15 - 18

50-60%, 60-85%

n the context of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test for diabetes, normal fasting glucose levels range from about _____ milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

70-99

How many different exercises focusing on the major muscle groups should be completed during one resistance-training session?

8-10

When lifting weights it is recommended that a person complete at least one set of ______ repetitions.

8-12

Identify the pathways through which energy can be generated to replenish adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Mesolimbic pathway Mesocortical pathway Aerobic pathway Anaerobic pathway

Aerobic pathway Anaerobic pathway

A ratio of weight to height that is widely used as a measure of healthy weight is called

BMI

What are the best-known skill-related components of physical fitness? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Balance Coordination Agility Speed Body composition Muscularity

Balance Coordination Agility Speed

Loss of water from the body occurs primarily through which of the following ways? Multiple select question. talking breathing reading perspiration urination

Breathing, perspiration, urination

How do the different types of medicines used to treat type 2 diabetes work?

By stimulating insulin release from the pancreas

Which of the following conditions primarily contribute to the chances of dying early due to an increase in body mass index (BMI)? (Check all that apply.) Cancer Bronchitis Diabetes Heart disease Cerebral hemorrhage

Cancer Diabetes Heart disease

What is the name of the latest consumer guide introduced in 2011 from the USDA to help Americans make better food choices?

Choose my plate

Which of the following is not true about complications from diabetes?

Complications from diabetes seldom occur.

When considering the purchase of fitness equipment, buyers would be wise to consult such unbiased and credible sources such as

Consumer Reports.

Which disease affects nearly 10 percent (more than 30 million children and adults) in the United States, equally impacting males and females?

Diabetes

_____ is a group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.

Diabetes

Which of the following is a true statement about complications from diabetes?

Diabetes complications are progressive and can be disabling.

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding occurrence and risk factors for diabetes?

Diabetes increases with decreasing BMI.

Identify the true statements about managing diabetes. (Check all that apply.)

Diabetes is best treated with a team approach. Optimal management of diabetes includes patient education and a specialized medical team.

Which of the following is a step included in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes?

Drinking a standard glucose solution

dentify the principles that form the basis of exercise training. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Durability Individual differences Overload Reversibility Specificity Scientific validity

Durability Individual differences Overload Reversibility

Which of the following refers to the fundamental principle of energy balance?

Energy intake versus energy expenditure

How often should someone trying to obtain muscle mass perform resistance-training sessions?

Every other day (Monday-Wednesday)

Despite good intentions, many people have difficulty implementing and maintaining an exercise program because of which of the following factors?

Exercise requires effort. Exercise is time consuming Exercise is voluntary

True or false: High-intensity starter programs help people get quick results with limited soreness and decreased risk of injury. True false question.

False. Exercising too hard without appropriate transition time is often counterproductive, leading to prolonged fatigue, extreme soreness, and increased risk of injury.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the occurrence and risk of diabetes?

Family history is a key risk factor. Diabetes is occurring at earlier ages. Being overweight is a key risk factor.

Which diabetes test is taken in the morning after an overnight fast?

Fasting blood sugar test

Which is the most common diabetes test?

Fasting blood sugar test

As movement is continued, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must be replenished from available macronutrients. Identify the primary macronutrients used for ATP replenishment. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Vitamins Fat Fiber Glycogen

Fat Glycogen

_____ are the most concentrated energy source, yielding about 9 Cal per gram.

Fats

dentify the key points from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Follow a healthy eating pattern. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium. Avoid the intake of monounsaturated fats like olive, peanut, and canola oils. Support healthy eating patterns for all. Consume only 100 Cal more than needed every day.

Follow a healthy eating pattern. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium. Support healthy eating patterns for all.

A screening tool for physical activity that is used as a precaution to identify individuals who may need medical clearance is the

GAQ. get active questionaire

Someone who thinks they need medical clearance before starting an exercise program should take which test?

Get Active Questionnaire

_____ is the protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells.

Hemoglobin

Celine is diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Which of the following is true about Celine?

Her blood glucose levels is higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes.

Which of the following are the results of improved blood flow to and neural control of muscle fibers, achieved through a program of resistance training coupled with flexibility exercises? (Check all that apply.) ncreased occurrence of muscle fibrosis Reduced replenishment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Increased efficiency in fiber recruitment Increased efficiency in energy production Reduced efficiency in muscle recovery

Increased efficiency in fiber recruitment Increased efficiency in energy production

_____ is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into the cells.

Insulin

Which of the following are true statements regarding the movement of glucose into the cells?

Insulin allows glucose to move into the cells. Glucose in the blood stimulates the beta cells to release insulin.

Which of the following occurs once the level of glucose in the blood returns to a baseline value within about two hours after a meal?

Insulin production decreases.

Identify a treatment method for type 1 diabetes.

Insulin replacement along with a structured diet and physical activity

Lab-based

Involves the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Field-based

Involves the use of various instruments to measure bioelectric impedance

Identify a true statement about aerobic metabolism.

It depends on the cardiorespiratory system to transport oxygen from the air one breathes to the working muscles.

Identify a true statement about musculoskeletal fitness.

It enables one to perform demanding physical tasks that arise in everyday situations.

Identify the true statements about a person's aerobic capacity. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It is the single best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. It is the measure of the body's ability to produce energy without the presence of oxygen. It is considered the main determinant of endurance performance. It is also known as minimal oxygen uptake.

It is the single best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. It is considered the main determinant of endurance performance.

What are the effects of resistance or flexibility training? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It helps cell structures decrease in size and number. It maintains healthy joints and connective tissues. It reduces the replenishment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is protective against musculoskeletal injury.

It maintains healthy joints and connective tissues. It is protective against musculoskeletal injury.

Identify a true statement about the National Physical Activity Plan.

It provides a comprehensive set of initiatives and policies to increase physical activity across America, from large cities to small towns.

Which of the following occurs once glucose is bound to hemoglobin A?

It remains there for the life of the red blood cell. (about 100 days)

Identify a true statement about the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes.

It requires a fasting blood sugar test for diabetes.

Joanna wants to engage in resistance training that helps strengthen back of thigh, or hamstrings. Which of the following resistance exercises should Joanna do?

Leg curl

Identify a finding of the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Lifestyle intervention was more effective than oral medication treatments in preventing diabetes.

What are the conditions that musculoskeletal fitness helps to combat? (Check all that apply.)

Loss of mobility Frailty Low back pain Osteoporosis

Principle of specificity

Many training effects are peculiar to the type of exercise, the particular muscles involved, and the intensity.

Identify a true statement about the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes in comparison with the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test.

OGTT requires multiple blood draws.

Identify a true statement in the context of metabolic syndrome. (Check all that apply.)

People with metabolic syndrome are three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke. The presence of abnormalities in blood pressure constitutes a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome.

The main function of carbohydrates is to Multiple choice question. regulate body processes. provide fuel for the cells. maintain body temperature. build and repair body tissues.

Provide fuel for the cells

Which of the following are considered calisthenics, which is a way in which resistance can be applied to the muscles? (Check all that apply.)

Push-ups Pull-ups Sit-ups

Which of the following are part of a treatment method for type 1 diabetes? (Check all that apply.)

Requirement for blood glucose measurement several times a day Requirement for multiple insulin injections in a day

Clara, a 25-year-old, is underweight. According to the Mayo Clinic, what are the behavior-change strategies Clara should adopt to achieve and maintain a healthy weight? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. She should engage in regular exercise and be active throughout the day. She should consume only 100 Cal more than needed every day for a year. She should measure body composition using field-based methods rather than using lab-based methods. She should explore healthy foods and dishes. She should set a realistic goal using the energy balance principle. She should draw on support from others such as spouse, family, friends, and professionals.

She should engage in regular exercise and be active throughout the day. She should explore healthy foods and dishes. She should set a realistic goal using the energy balance principle. She should draw on support from others such as spouse, family, friends, and professionals.

Which of the following are likely to be seen in people with diabetes due to poor circulation and nerve damage?

Skin breakdown Infections of the feet and legs

Identify the ways in which the different types of medicine to treat type 2 diabetes work. (Check all that apply.)

Slowing the absorption of glucose from the intestine Helping the beta cells of the pancreas make more insulin

Bread, rice, pasta, cereals, and vegetables are all examples o

Starches or complex carbohydrates.

Chapter 10 Diabetes

Starts here

In the context of exercise training, which of the following statements illustrates the principle of specificity?

Swimming and cycling will do little to improve running performance because the muscles are used in different ways for each activity.

Arrange the steps to measure heart rate in beats per minute in the correct order of occurrence (from the first to the last).

Take the pulse on the inside of the wrist by placing the tips of first two fingers about an inch below the base of the thumb. Count beats for 10 seconds multiply count by 6

Which of the following leading health organizations have not issued scientific statements defining and describing metabolic syndrome?

The American Health Society

The Healthy Eating Plate developed by Harvard's Dept. of Nutrition advocates which of the following recommendations? Multiple select question. Avoid all oils including vegetable oils. Eat poultry, fish and legumes. Limit red meat. Eat more vegetables and fruits. Correct Answer

The Healthy Eating Plate developed by Harvard's Dept. of Nutrition advocates which of the following recommendations? Multiple select question. Eat poultry, fish and legumes. Limit red meat. Eat more vegetables and fruits.

Which of the following occurs if a person has type 2 diabetes?

The body develops insulin resistance

Identify a true statement about the level of glucose in the blood.

The level of glucose in the blood rises after a meal.

What are the factors that determine a person's daily energy expenditure? (Check all that apply.)

The thermic effect of food Resting metabolic rate The amount of physical activity

Principle of individual differences

There is tremendous variability from one person to the next in both natural fitness level and in the rate of improvement that occurs with exercise training.

Which of the following is not always true regarding food labels and "serving" size? Multiple choice question. They vary from one product to another. They are often based on size or pieces. They are based on the Dietary Guidelines. They are determined by the manufacturer.

They are based on the dietary guidelines

Which of the following statements is not true regarding vitamins and minerals? Certain ones are considered antioxidants. They are considered a macronutrient. They help regulate normal functioning of the body. They help in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.

They are considered a macronutrient.

Identify a true statement about skill-related components of physical fitness.

They are secondarily associated with improved health.

Which of the following are true statements about fats? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They play a role in the maintenance and function of cell membranes. They provide the least concentrated source of calories in a diet. They have a fast absorption rate from the digestive system. They assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

They play a role in the maintenance and function of cell membranes. They assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

In the context of musculoskeletal fitness, identify the true statements about stretches.

They should be slow and steady. They should be maintained at a position of mild discomfort for about 30 seconds.

True or false: Due to the multiple benefits that come with cardiorespiratory fitness, most scientists and clinicians believe this fitness component to be the most important.

This is true. For most people, being fit means having good cardiorespiratory fitness. Due to the multiple benefits that come with cardiorespiratory fitness, most scientists and clinicians believe this fitness component to be the most important.

True or false: Resistance training for musculoskeletal fitness involves traditional weight training, calisthenics, and newer variations of resistance-based exercise.

This is true. In contrast to training for cardiorespiratory fitness, the options for improving or maintaining muscular fitness are more limited. Such training must involve resistance exercise whether it is traditional weight training, calisthenics, or newer variations of resistance-based exercise.

True or false: According to the principle of specificity, training specificity is critical for reaching performance goals.

This is true. Many training effects are specific to the type of exercise, the particular muscles involved, and the intensity. According to the principle of specificity, training specificity is critical for reaching performance goals.

True or false: One should consider exercise frequency relative to both intensity and duration of the exercise.

This is true. One should consider exercise frequency relative to both intensity and duration of the exercise. For example, those who enjoy vigorous exercise should consider training every other day, while those who prefer moderate intensity activity could probably exercise most days of the week.

True or false: People with diabetes benefit greatly from learning as much as possible about the disease—particularly, the practical, everyday steps that must be taken to control it.

This is true. People with diabetes benefit greatly from learning as much as possible about the disease—particularly, the practical, everyday steps that must be taken to control it. For example, self-testing of blood glucose is a daily routine. People with diabetes check their blood glucose level several times throughout the day using a drop of blood from a finger prick and a small, easy-to-use glucose monitor. Each test indicates the blood glucose level at that particular time and can guide the person's subsequent actions regarding eating, exercise, and medications.

True or false: The goal of diabetes treatment never stop

This is true. The goal of diabetes treatment never stops. It is to keep blood glucose levels within the normal range as much as possible.

True or false: The resting heart rate can be measured by checking the pulse after sitting quietly for at least 10 minutes or upon waking in the morning.

This is true. The resting heart rate can be measured by checking the pulse after sitting quietly for at least 10 minutes or upon waking in the morning.

True or false: Glucose in the bloodstream stimulates beta cells to release insulin, which then allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells.

This statement is true and essential for the metabolism of glucose.

What is the primary function of protein in the body?

Tissue growth and maintenance.

Principle of overload

To improve a physiological system, it must be exposed to a stimulus greater than it is normally accustomed to.

What are the primary goals in treating metabolic syndrome? (Check all that apply.)

To reduce risk for atherosclerosis To decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes in people who do not have the disease

A fundamental adaptation that improves oxygen uptake and energy production takes place within the muscle cells. Which of the following is an impact of training on the cell structure?

Training causes the mitochondria to increase in size and number.

Macronutrients are the main constituents of our food and form the bulk of what we eat

True

Micronutrients occur naturally in many of our unprocessed foods such as fruits vegetables, and whole grains

True

Nutrients can be broadly categorized based on the quantity that should be consumed

True

True or false: A Calorie with a capital C is the same as a kilocalorie.

True

True or false: Body mass index (BMI) is not a direct measure of percent fat or fat distribution.

True

True or false: Eating disorders are a major concern among female athletes.

True

True or false: Sudden deaths of young athletes during training or competition are generally caused by heat stress, inherited cardiac abnormalities, or drug or supplement use.

True

True or false: A complication of diabetes comes from compounds accumulating in tiny blood vessels, causing them to thicken and leak.

True, This complication eventually leads to atherosclerosis.

True or false: The A1c test helps the patient and doctor know whether the treatment plan to control diabetes is working or needs to be adjusted.

True, This is the function of the A1c test.

Which type of diabetes is the most difficult to control?

Type 1

Identify the ways in which resistance can be applied to the muscles. (Check all that apply.)

Using calisthenics Using traditional iron weights Using muscle- and movement-specific equipment with pneumatic, hydraulic, and computer-controlled resistance

Match the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (in the left column) with the associated exercise efforts. 9,13,20

Very light Somewhat hard Maximal exertion

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals

What occurs when caloric intake and caloric expenditure are balanced?

Weight is maintained.

Identify the short-term, high-intensity activities that use anaerobic metabolism as the predominant pathway of energy production. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Weight lifting Sprinting Cycling Distance running

Weight lifting Sprinting

Principle of reversibility

When one stops exercising, the previously developed physiological systems will over time return to pretraining levels.

Identify a limitation of using body mass index (BMI).

While percent fat and BMI are highly correlated in the population, the relationship is not always true for every individual.

Which of the following is not an example of a for-profit health club?

YMCA

Unlike the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans make _____.

a hormone that raises the level of glucose in the blood

Complications from kidney failure due to diabetes may lead to the need for

a kidney transplant. kidney dialysis.

Which of the following is the symbol that reflects the USDA 2011 healthy eating guidelines for Americans?

a plate setting

Nutrient

a substance found in food that is used by the body to support normal growth, maintenance, and repair.

Characterize the amount of stored ATP.

a very small amount

Which of the following is the most immediate source of energy?

adenosine triphosphate

Concerns over dietary supplements exist because

advertising may not be truthful. the government does not evaluate the supplements before they are released.

Endurance activities such as long-distance running, cycling, and swimming are examples of sports that rely on ________ metabolism

aerobic

Endurance events lasting several hours, such as running a marathon (26.2 miles) or cycling 50 miles, depend primarily on the ______ pathway.

aerobic

The highest amount of oxygen the body can consume during exhaustive exercise is termed

aerobic capacity

Distance running, cycling, and swimming are activities that rely on energy produced through which of the following?

aerobic metabolism

Energy production in the presence of oxygen is called

aerobic metabolism

Diabetics should carry or wear a medical identification bracelet or tag to _____.

alert emergency workers and other health care professionals of the presence of diabetes

Which of the following is the best and most important reason for diabetics to wear medical identification?

allows medical professionals to start life-saving procedures quickly and appropriately

The cells that make glucagon inside the islets of Langerhans are called

alpha cells.

Where should the fingers be placed when taking the radial pulse?

an inch below the base of the thumb

The production of energy without oxygen present is known as

anaerobic metabolism

Which of the following is the major source of energy for such activities as sprinting and weight lifting?

anaerobic metabolism

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include all of the following except

anxiety/high energy.

An optimal fitness program will use the initial fitness level

as a baseline or starting point.

Which of the following is not a diabetic eye complication?

astigmatism

The recommended exercise frequency is _____.

at least three and up to seven days per week

Which disease occurs at younger ages and is at least twice as common in those with diabetes as in those without diabetes?

atherosclerosis

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to fatty deposits is

atherosclerosis.

When energy intake equals energy expenditure, it is called energy

balance

Diabetes is the leading cause of ____ in adults

blindness

Lean body weight and fat body weight are components of

body composition

The preferred approach to estimating healthy weight is based on the concept of __________ ____________ in which the body is viewed as consisting of different tissue components.

body composition

The relative amounts of fat weight and lean weight that is reported as percent body fat is

body composition

_____ ______ partitions body weight into lean tissue and fat tissue and prescribes a healthy weight from one's level of relative body fatness.

body composition

In the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance is a condition in which the _____.

body's cells fail to use insulin properly

Select all that apply Which of the following are the two main eating disorders? Multiple select question. bulimia nervosa caloria nervosa anorexia nervosa obesity

bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa

The six nutrient classes

carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water

A shuttle test, 1-mile walk, or 2-mile run could all be used to assess which of the following?

cardiorespiratory fitness

The ability of the respiratory and circulatory systems to supply oxygen to the working muscles during sustained physical activity is known as

cardiorespiratory fitness

When is the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to explore fitness classes and activities due to the exercise and sports facilities available at little to no cost?

college

Activities such as bench press, high jump, and 40-yard sprint are ______ dependent on the anaerobic pathway.

completely

The most highly related indicator of healthy weight is body

composition

Regardless of the type of equipment or specific program, the overall goal of resistance-based exercise is to _____.

condition all the major muscles

Wearing a heart rate monitor during exercise is a reliable, durable, and relatively inexpensive way to ______ measure the heart rate.

continuously

A lack of insulin being produced in the body is referred to as insulin

deficiency

The group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells is called

diabetes.

Treatment for gestational diabetes usually consists of:

dietary changes avoiding excessive weight gain

The thermic effect of food, the slight warm-up of the body after a meal, refers to the energy associated with

digestion

If someone is over training (exercising too hard), health benefits will ______ and health risks ______.

diminish, increase

Waist circumference of obese or overweight individuals can also be used to determine

disease risk

Generally, sudden deaths of young athletes are attributed to which cause(s)?

drug use. heat stress. cardiac abnormalities.

Which of the following would help motivate someone to continue an exercise program?

earning rewards

A spectrum of clinical disorders involving disturbed eating patterns is called

eating disorders

The primary causes of obesity are

eating too much. exercising too little.

Over time, the onset of angina, heart attack, and stroke in diabetics are due to

elevated blood glucose levels. compromised circulation.

Which of the following is not a reason people stop an exercise program?

enjoyment

How often should those who enjoy vigorous exercise train?

every other day

The primary cause and chief risk factor for type 2 diabetes is

excess body fat.

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?

fainting mild discomfort severe confusion

Body composition is typically expressed as percent body ______ and used to recommend a healthy weight range.

fat

Which of the following is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?

fatty deposits

Which of the following are typically provided by a personal trainer?

feedback instruction motivation

Which of the following is not a FITT factor?

fitness

The functional range of motion of a joint is called

flexibility

In the context of musculoskeletal fitness, stretching should _____.

focus on muscle or tendon groups at major joints

A foodborne illness or disease is routinely referred to as

food poisoning

The acronym FITT stands for which four factors of an exercise plan?

frequency, intensity, time, and type

During the early 1900s which animal did researchers W. M. Fletcher and F. G. Hopkins use to study muscle fibers?

frog

Physical tasks requiring effort such as carrying heavy loads, walking great distances, and working with tools has been a part of life up until a few ______ ago.

generations

Alpha cells

glucagon

A simple form of sugar that is the body's primary source of energy is called

glucose

An important marker of blood ______ management is a blood test known as the A1c test.

glucose

A simple form of sugar that is the body's primary source of energy is called

glucose.

Which two of the following categories are considered categories of physical fitness? health-related fitness age-related fitness skill-related fitness

health-related fitness skill-related fitness

A body weight at which you feel good and physically function at a high level of well-being is known as a(n) __________ weight.

healthy, optimal, ideal, or desirable

Name the components of the cardiorespiratory system that work together to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

heart lungs blood vessels

Over time, elevated blood glucose levels and compromised circulation can cause

heart attack. stroke.

Which of the following is the protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells?

hemoglobin

The combination of glucose and hemoglobin A is called _____.

hemoglobin A1c

Prolonged fatigue and extreme soreness often result from participating in a starter exercise program that focuses on

high-intensity exercise.

Which of the following is indicated by the A1c test?

how well blood glucose has been controlled over the past several months

An abnormally high level of blood glucose that is the hallmark of uncontrolled diabetes is known as

hyperglycemia

Even during the early stages of type 2 diabetes, _____ causes microvascular disease and may cause or contribute to macrovascular disease.

hyperglycemia

Keeping blood glucose levels from getting too high, a condition known as ______, is the primary challenge in treating diabetes.

hyperglycemia

An abnormally high level of blood glucose is known as

hyperglycemia.

The primary challenge in treating diabetes is to keep blood glucose levels from getting too high, a condition known as

hyperglycemia.

Another term for low blood glucose levels is

hypoglycemia.

A person's physiological well-being ______ as their fitness level improves.

improves

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into the cells is known as

insulin

Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as non-____ dependent diabetes.

insulin

beta cells

insulin

A lack of insulin being produced in the body is referred to as

insulin deficiency.

Type 2 diabetes is often referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes because at least initially,

insulin is not needed to treat the condition.

An inability to effectively use the insulin produced by the body is referred to as

insulin resistance.

The RPE scale is used to monitor which of the following?

intensity of exercise

Fasting

is defined as no caloric intake for eight hours.

Compared to the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test for diabetes, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) _____.

is more burdensome on patients

Clusters of cells located throughout the pancreas are known as

islets of Langerhans

Flexibility is the functional range of motion of a

joint

A life-threatening condition in which the body burns too much fat too quickly and makes the body too acidic, upsetting the normal chemical balance is called

ketoacidosis

When the body burns too much fat too quickly, ______ will accumulate in the bloodstream, making the body too acidic and upsetting normal chemical balance and leading to ketoacidosis.

ketones

Which organ is impacted by diabetes when its tiny blood vessels are damaged and the blood can no longer be properly filtered?

kidney

Following the research of George Brooks, scientists now recognize that ______ plays a role in linking the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

lactic acid

In the early 1900s, when researchers electrically stimulated the muscle fibers of a frog, they found that as the muscle fatigued it would accumulate large amounts of

lactic acid

The aerobic and anaerobic pathways are linked by which of the following?

lactic acid

Which of the following components make up body composition?

lean body weight fat weight

Muscle, bone, organs, and connective tissue are all examples of which type of tissue?

lean tissue

A finding of the Diabetes Prevention Program was that _____.

lifestyle intervention and oral medication treatments were effective in preventing diabetes

Low blood sugar is generally considered to be

lower than 70 mg/dL.

Which of the following is not one of the principles on which exercise training is based?

maintenance

According to the Mayo Clinic, a behavior-change strategy for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is to _____. Multiple choice question. measure body composition using field-based methods rather than using lab-based methods consume only 100 Cal more than needed every day for a year increase muscle and bone density by increasing the consumption of high-fat foods make a commitment and be specific about what one is willing to do

make a commitment and be specific about what one is willing to do

The ________ syndrome is a cluster of interrelated metabolic and cardiovascular factors that directly appear to promote type 2 diabetes.

metabolic

Underlying risk factors such as abdominal obesity and insulin resistance are likely to precipitate _____.

metabolic syndrome

The actual site of aerobic metabolism where food is converted to usable energy in the presence of oxygen is the cell structure known as the _____.

mitochondrion

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored in the ______ in very small amounts and supplies energy for only a few seconds.

muscle

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored in the

muscles or muscle cell

Which of the following are considered the three components of muscular fitness?

muscular endurance muscular strength flexibility

The ability of a muscle to sustain a submaximal force or repeatedly lift a relative weight is called

muscular endurance.

The maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance is

muscular strength.

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are all elements of ______ fitness.

musculoskeletal

Another term for nerve damage is

neuropathy

Fasting is best defined as

no caloric intake for eight hours.

The first-line approach to treat metabolic syndrome is to strive to _____.

normalize blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and body weight to recommended goals

Treatment for gestational diabetes focuses on:

normalizing maternal blood glucose levels

Most communities offer several health/fitness club options. The YMCA and YWCA are examples of

not-for-profit health centers.

Muscular strength differs from muscular endurance in which of the following aspects?

number of repetitions

It is estimated that 80--90 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are

obese

The storage of excessive amounts of fat that increases a person's risk for multiple chronic diseases is called

obesity

Energy supplied from stored ATP generally provides energy for how long?

only a few seconds

Cardiorespiratory function refers to the integration of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. Together they work to transport ______ in the blood to muscles and other tissues.

oxygen

When taking the heart rate at the radial artery you use two fingers. Which location is the best place to take the radial pulse?

palm side of the wrist

The______, sandwiched between the stomach and the spine, is an oblong gland about the size and shape of a flattened banana.

pancreas

Then_____ is a gland that makes hormones and enzymes essential for the body's digestion and use of food.

pancreas

Which gland makes hormones and enzymes that help the body digest and use food?

pancreas

An instructor at the gym who can help familiarize a person with the equipment and demonstrate proper technique is called a

personal trainer

Which of the following is not included in the components of a complete fitness program?

personal training

Movement produced by muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure above a resting level is

physical activity

Simply moving around using our own muscle power refers to

physical activity

Diabetes leads to _____, which can cause ulcers, infections, and poor wound healing.

poor circulation and nerve damage

Aerobic metabolism is the source of energy for

prolonged activities.

Which of the following is an organic compound made up of amino acids that serves as a structural component of body tissues? Multiple choice question. Carbohydrates Vitamins Proteins Fats

proteins

The main function of carbohydrates is to

provide fuel for the cells.

Which tests can be used to assess muscular fitness?

push-ups sit-ups trunk flexion

Trans fats

raise blood cholesterol.

1RM is associated with muscular strength, the most weight a person can lift one time. RM stands for which of the following?

repetition maximum

An inability to effectively use the insulin produced by the body is referred to as insulin

resistance

Which of the following are components of a complete fitness program?

resistance training aerobic training flexibility training

The four principles of training include which of the following? Multiple select question. reversibility overload generalities specificity

reversibility generalities specificity

Physical demands of modern-day life are dramatically less compared with those of a few generations ago and are associated with the resulting ______ lifestyle of today.

sedentary

Carbohydrates found in fruit, milk, pastries, and sweet sodas are called

simple sugars

chapter 3

starts here

An important marker of blood glucose management is a blood test known as

the A1c.

One day, all Americans will be physically active and will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular physical activity. This statement is the vision of _____.

the National Physical Activity Plan

Which of the following is a recognized alternative to the USDA dietary guidelines? The Food Wheel Atkins Diet Dr. Oz's Grocery List The Healthy Eating Plate

the healthy eating plate

Difficulty in controlling type 1 diabetes is due to

the lack of insulin production.

The best thing a person considering the purchase of exercise equipment can do is take the time to thoroughly research the product. Which of the following would not be a reliable source for unbiased information?

the product Web site

Nutrition

the science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease.

The ______ effect of food is the energy expenditure component associated with digestion.

thermic

The modeling industry has influenced eating behaviors by glamorizing ______ women.

thin

A standard fitness test such as ______ can help beginners assess their initial cardiorespiratory fitness level.

timing a 1-mile walk timing a 1.5-mile run

What is the primary function of protein in the body?

tissue growth and maintenance

Vegetable oils chemically converted to a solid form are called

trans fats

Micronutrients are only needed in small quantities and many are not required daily

true

The body has a difficult time adapting when it is overloaded with exercise. Which of the following principles of FITT is not a major contributing factor of over training?

type

Which type of diabetes usually develops in people older than 40 and becomes more common with age?

type 2

Which of the following are advantages that college campuses offer to students interested in physical fitness?

variety of classes high-caliber instructors good facilities

Running is considered a ______-intensity activity.

vigorous

Which of the following describes activities that require 60-85 percent of one's aerobic capacity?

vigorous intensity

The most essential nutrient is

water

Having encouraging friends, knowledgeable instruction, and enjoyable activities

will motivate someone to choose exercise over other options.

Which of the following are most likely to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes?

young adults children teenagers

Which of the following are most likely to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes? Multiple select question. young adults teenagers older adults children

young adults teenagers children

Eating disorders are one of the key health issues facing _____.

young women