Block 2
Which of the following is the cause of low blood glucose levels?
"overshoot" or excessive effect of insulin
What is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of water 1o Celsius?
1 Calorie
Nearly _____ percent of the population of the United States has diabetes.
10
The average female model is 5' 11" and weighs only ______ lbs.
117
Unlike the random plasma glucose test for diabetes, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test diagnoses diabetes as a value of _____.
126 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or above
A 30-year-old has a resting heart rate of 70. Calculate the heart rate training range, from 50 to 85 percent intensity, for the individual using the heart rate reserve method.
130-172
A 25-year-old has a resting heart rate of 65. Calculate the heart rate training range, from 50 to 85 percent intensity, for the individual using the heart rate reserve method.
130-176
The BMI score indicating a healthy weight is
18.5-24.9.
Someone who perceives their exercise to be extremely hard would report which number on the RPE scale?
19
Ninety percent of all cases of diabetes are type ___ diabetes.
2
Type ___, diabetes usually develops in people older than 40 and becomes more common with age.
2
Obesity is a body mass index (BMI) of ______ or greater.
30
A gram of carbohydrates provides approximately ______ Cal.
4
Exercise intensity for older or chronically sedentary people should be approximately what percent of aerobic capacity?
40%
Muscles need time to recover and adapt between workouts. What is the recommended amount of rest time between resistance-training sessions
48 hours
Moderate intensity is considered to be what percent of aerobic capacity?
50-59%
Match the ranges of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (in the left column) with the percentages of the heart rate training range for most young adults (in the right column). 12 - 14 15 - 18
50-60%, 60-85%
n the context of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test for diabetes, normal fasting glucose levels range from about _____ milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
70-99
How many different exercises focusing on the major muscle groups should be completed during one resistance-training session?
8-10
When lifting weights it is recommended that a person complete at least one set of ______ repetitions.
8-12
Identify the pathways through which energy can be generated to replenish adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Mesolimbic pathway Mesocortical pathway Aerobic pathway Anaerobic pathway
Aerobic pathway Anaerobic pathway
A ratio of weight to height that is widely used as a measure of healthy weight is called
BMI
What are the best-known skill-related components of physical fitness? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Balance Coordination Agility Speed Body composition Muscularity
Balance Coordination Agility Speed
Loss of water from the body occurs primarily through which of the following ways? Multiple select question. talking breathing reading perspiration urination
Breathing, perspiration, urination
How do the different types of medicines used to treat type 2 diabetes work?
By stimulating insulin release from the pancreas
Which of the following conditions primarily contribute to the chances of dying early due to an increase in body mass index (BMI)? (Check all that apply.) Cancer Bronchitis Diabetes Heart disease Cerebral hemorrhage
Cancer Diabetes Heart disease
What is the name of the latest consumer guide introduced in 2011 from the USDA to help Americans make better food choices?
Choose my plate
Which of the following is not true about complications from diabetes?
Complications from diabetes seldom occur.
When considering the purchase of fitness equipment, buyers would be wise to consult such unbiased and credible sources such as
Consumer Reports.
Which disease affects nearly 10 percent (more than 30 million children and adults) in the United States, equally impacting males and females?
Diabetes
_____ is a group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.
Diabetes
Which of the following is a true statement about complications from diabetes?
Diabetes complications are progressive and can be disabling.
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding occurrence and risk factors for diabetes?
Diabetes increases with decreasing BMI.
Identify the true statements about managing diabetes. (Check all that apply.)
Diabetes is best treated with a team approach. Optimal management of diabetes includes patient education and a specialized medical team.
Which of the following is a step included in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes?
Drinking a standard glucose solution
dentify the principles that form the basis of exercise training. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Durability Individual differences Overload Reversibility Specificity Scientific validity
Durability Individual differences Overload Reversibility
Which of the following refers to the fundamental principle of energy balance?
Energy intake versus energy expenditure
How often should someone trying to obtain muscle mass perform resistance-training sessions?
Every other day (Monday-Wednesday)
Despite good intentions, many people have difficulty implementing and maintaining an exercise program because of which of the following factors?
Exercise requires effort. Exercise is time consuming Exercise is voluntary
True or false: High-intensity starter programs help people get quick results with limited soreness and decreased risk of injury. True false question.
False. Exercising too hard without appropriate transition time is often counterproductive, leading to prolonged fatigue, extreme soreness, and increased risk of injury.
Which of the following statements are true regarding the occurrence and risk of diabetes?
Family history is a key risk factor. Diabetes is occurring at earlier ages. Being overweight is a key risk factor.
Which diabetes test is taken in the morning after an overnight fast?
Fasting blood sugar test
Which is the most common diabetes test?
Fasting blood sugar test
As movement is continued, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must be replenished from available macronutrients. Identify the primary macronutrients used for ATP replenishment. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Vitamins Fat Fiber Glycogen
Fat Glycogen
_____ are the most concentrated energy source, yielding about 9 Cal per gram.
Fats
dentify the key points from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Follow a healthy eating pattern. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium. Avoid the intake of monounsaturated fats like olive, peanut, and canola oils. Support healthy eating patterns for all. Consume only 100 Cal more than needed every day.
Follow a healthy eating pattern. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
A screening tool for physical activity that is used as a precaution to identify individuals who may need medical clearance is the
GAQ. get active questionaire
Someone who thinks they need medical clearance before starting an exercise program should take which test?
Get Active Questionnaire
_____ is the protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells.
Hemoglobin
Celine is diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Which of the following is true about Celine?
Her blood glucose levels is higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes.
Which of the following are the results of improved blood flow to and neural control of muscle fibers, achieved through a program of resistance training coupled with flexibility exercises? (Check all that apply.) ncreased occurrence of muscle fibrosis Reduced replenishment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Increased efficiency in fiber recruitment Increased efficiency in energy production Reduced efficiency in muscle recovery
Increased efficiency in fiber recruitment Increased efficiency in energy production
_____ is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into the cells.
Insulin
Which of the following are true statements regarding the movement of glucose into the cells?
Insulin allows glucose to move into the cells. Glucose in the blood stimulates the beta cells to release insulin.
Which of the following occurs once the level of glucose in the blood returns to a baseline value within about two hours after a meal?
Insulin production decreases.
Identify a treatment method for type 1 diabetes.
Insulin replacement along with a structured diet and physical activity
Lab-based
Involves the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Field-based
Involves the use of various instruments to measure bioelectric impedance
Identify a true statement about aerobic metabolism.
It depends on the cardiorespiratory system to transport oxygen from the air one breathes to the working muscles.
Identify a true statement about musculoskeletal fitness.
It enables one to perform demanding physical tasks that arise in everyday situations.
Identify the true statements about a person's aerobic capacity. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It is the single best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. It is the measure of the body's ability to produce energy without the presence of oxygen. It is considered the main determinant of endurance performance. It is also known as minimal oxygen uptake.
It is the single best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. It is considered the main determinant of endurance performance.
What are the effects of resistance or flexibility training? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It helps cell structures decrease in size and number. It maintains healthy joints and connective tissues. It reduces the replenishment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is protective against musculoskeletal injury.
It maintains healthy joints and connective tissues. It is protective against musculoskeletal injury.
Identify a true statement about the National Physical Activity Plan.
It provides a comprehensive set of initiatives and policies to increase physical activity across America, from large cities to small towns.
Which of the following occurs once glucose is bound to hemoglobin A?
It remains there for the life of the red blood cell. (about 100 days)
Identify a true statement about the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes.
It requires a fasting blood sugar test for diabetes.
Joanna wants to engage in resistance training that helps strengthen back of thigh, or hamstrings. Which of the following resistance exercises should Joanna do?
Leg curl
Identify a finding of the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Lifestyle intervention was more effective than oral medication treatments in preventing diabetes.
What are the conditions that musculoskeletal fitness helps to combat? (Check all that apply.)
Loss of mobility Frailty Low back pain Osteoporosis
Principle of specificity
Many training effects are peculiar to the type of exercise, the particular muscles involved, and the intensity.
Identify a true statement about the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes in comparison with the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test.
OGTT requires multiple blood draws.
Identify a true statement in the context of metabolic syndrome. (Check all that apply.)
People with metabolic syndrome are three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke. The presence of abnormalities in blood pressure constitutes a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome.
The main function of carbohydrates is to Multiple choice question. regulate body processes. provide fuel for the cells. maintain body temperature. build and repair body tissues.
Provide fuel for the cells
Which of the following are considered calisthenics, which is a way in which resistance can be applied to the muscles? (Check all that apply.)
Push-ups Pull-ups Sit-ups
Which of the following are part of a treatment method for type 1 diabetes? (Check all that apply.)
Requirement for blood glucose measurement several times a day Requirement for multiple insulin injections in a day
Clara, a 25-year-old, is underweight. According to the Mayo Clinic, what are the behavior-change strategies Clara should adopt to achieve and maintain a healthy weight? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. She should engage in regular exercise and be active throughout the day. She should consume only 100 Cal more than needed every day for a year. She should measure body composition using field-based methods rather than using lab-based methods. She should explore healthy foods and dishes. She should set a realistic goal using the energy balance principle. She should draw on support from others such as spouse, family, friends, and professionals.
She should engage in regular exercise and be active throughout the day. She should explore healthy foods and dishes. She should set a realistic goal using the energy balance principle. She should draw on support from others such as spouse, family, friends, and professionals.
Which of the following are likely to be seen in people with diabetes due to poor circulation and nerve damage?
Skin breakdown Infections of the feet and legs
Identify the ways in which the different types of medicine to treat type 2 diabetes work. (Check all that apply.)
Slowing the absorption of glucose from the intestine Helping the beta cells of the pancreas make more insulin
Bread, rice, pasta, cereals, and vegetables are all examples o
Starches or complex carbohydrates.
Chapter 10 Diabetes
Starts here
In the context of exercise training, which of the following statements illustrates the principle of specificity?
Swimming and cycling will do little to improve running performance because the muscles are used in different ways for each activity.
Arrange the steps to measure heart rate in beats per minute in the correct order of occurrence (from the first to the last).
Take the pulse on the inside of the wrist by placing the tips of first two fingers about an inch below the base of the thumb. Count beats for 10 seconds multiply count by 6
Which of the following leading health organizations have not issued scientific statements defining and describing metabolic syndrome?
The American Health Society
The Healthy Eating Plate developed by Harvard's Dept. of Nutrition advocates which of the following recommendations? Multiple select question. Avoid all oils including vegetable oils. Eat poultry, fish and legumes. Limit red meat. Eat more vegetables and fruits. Correct Answer
The Healthy Eating Plate developed by Harvard's Dept. of Nutrition advocates which of the following recommendations? Multiple select question. Eat poultry, fish and legumes. Limit red meat. Eat more vegetables and fruits.
Which of the following occurs if a person has type 2 diabetes?
The body develops insulin resistance
Identify a true statement about the level of glucose in the blood.
The level of glucose in the blood rises after a meal.
What are the factors that determine a person's daily energy expenditure? (Check all that apply.)
The thermic effect of food Resting metabolic rate The amount of physical activity
Principle of individual differences
There is tremendous variability from one person to the next in both natural fitness level and in the rate of improvement that occurs with exercise training.
Which of the following is not always true regarding food labels and "serving" size? Multiple choice question. They vary from one product to another. They are often based on size or pieces. They are based on the Dietary Guidelines. They are determined by the manufacturer.
They are based on the dietary guidelines
Which of the following statements is not true regarding vitamins and minerals? Certain ones are considered antioxidants. They are considered a macronutrient. They help regulate normal functioning of the body. They help in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.
They are considered a macronutrient.
Identify a true statement about skill-related components of physical fitness.
They are secondarily associated with improved health.
Which of the following are true statements about fats? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They play a role in the maintenance and function of cell membranes. They provide the least concentrated source of calories in a diet. They have a fast absorption rate from the digestive system. They assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
They play a role in the maintenance and function of cell membranes. They assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
In the context of musculoskeletal fitness, identify the true statements about stretches.
They should be slow and steady. They should be maintained at a position of mild discomfort for about 30 seconds.
True or false: Due to the multiple benefits that come with cardiorespiratory fitness, most scientists and clinicians believe this fitness component to be the most important.
This is true. For most people, being fit means having good cardiorespiratory fitness. Due to the multiple benefits that come with cardiorespiratory fitness, most scientists and clinicians believe this fitness component to be the most important.
True or false: Resistance training for musculoskeletal fitness involves traditional weight training, calisthenics, and newer variations of resistance-based exercise.
This is true. In contrast to training for cardiorespiratory fitness, the options for improving or maintaining muscular fitness are more limited. Such training must involve resistance exercise whether it is traditional weight training, calisthenics, or newer variations of resistance-based exercise.
True or false: According to the principle of specificity, training specificity is critical for reaching performance goals.
This is true. Many training effects are specific to the type of exercise, the particular muscles involved, and the intensity. According to the principle of specificity, training specificity is critical for reaching performance goals.
True or false: One should consider exercise frequency relative to both intensity and duration of the exercise.
This is true. One should consider exercise frequency relative to both intensity and duration of the exercise. For example, those who enjoy vigorous exercise should consider training every other day, while those who prefer moderate intensity activity could probably exercise most days of the week.
True or false: People with diabetes benefit greatly from learning as much as possible about the disease—particularly, the practical, everyday steps that must be taken to control it.
This is true. People with diabetes benefit greatly from learning as much as possible about the disease—particularly, the practical, everyday steps that must be taken to control it. For example, self-testing of blood glucose is a daily routine. People with diabetes check their blood glucose level several times throughout the day using a drop of blood from a finger prick and a small, easy-to-use glucose monitor. Each test indicates the blood glucose level at that particular time and can guide the person's subsequent actions regarding eating, exercise, and medications.
True or false: The goal of diabetes treatment never stop
This is true. The goal of diabetes treatment never stops. It is to keep blood glucose levels within the normal range as much as possible.
True or false: The resting heart rate can be measured by checking the pulse after sitting quietly for at least 10 minutes or upon waking in the morning.
This is true. The resting heart rate can be measured by checking the pulse after sitting quietly for at least 10 minutes or upon waking in the morning.
True or false: Glucose in the bloodstream stimulates beta cells to release insulin, which then allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells.
This statement is true and essential for the metabolism of glucose.
What is the primary function of protein in the body?
Tissue growth and maintenance.
Principle of overload
To improve a physiological system, it must be exposed to a stimulus greater than it is normally accustomed to.
What are the primary goals in treating metabolic syndrome? (Check all that apply.)
To reduce risk for atherosclerosis To decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes in people who do not have the disease
A fundamental adaptation that improves oxygen uptake and energy production takes place within the muscle cells. Which of the following is an impact of training on the cell structure?
Training causes the mitochondria to increase in size and number.
Macronutrients are the main constituents of our food and form the bulk of what we eat
True
Micronutrients occur naturally in many of our unprocessed foods such as fruits vegetables, and whole grains
True
Nutrients can be broadly categorized based on the quantity that should be consumed
True
True or false: A Calorie with a capital C is the same as a kilocalorie.
True
True or false: Body mass index (BMI) is not a direct measure of percent fat or fat distribution.
True
True or false: Eating disorders are a major concern among female athletes.
True
True or false: Sudden deaths of young athletes during training or competition are generally caused by heat stress, inherited cardiac abnormalities, or drug or supplement use.
True
True or false: A complication of diabetes comes from compounds accumulating in tiny blood vessels, causing them to thicken and leak.
True, This complication eventually leads to atherosclerosis.
True or false: The A1c test helps the patient and doctor know whether the treatment plan to control diabetes is working or needs to be adjusted.
True, This is the function of the A1c test.
Which type of diabetes is the most difficult to control?
Type 1
Identify the ways in which resistance can be applied to the muscles. (Check all that apply.)
Using calisthenics Using traditional iron weights Using muscle- and movement-specific equipment with pneumatic, hydraulic, and computer-controlled resistance
Match the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (in the left column) with the associated exercise efforts. 9,13,20
Very light Somewhat hard Maximal exertion
Micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
What occurs when caloric intake and caloric expenditure are balanced?
Weight is maintained.
Identify the short-term, high-intensity activities that use anaerobic metabolism as the predominant pathway of energy production. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Weight lifting Sprinting Cycling Distance running
Weight lifting Sprinting
Principle of reversibility
When one stops exercising, the previously developed physiological systems will over time return to pretraining levels.
Identify a limitation of using body mass index (BMI).
While percent fat and BMI are highly correlated in the population, the relationship is not always true for every individual.
Which of the following is not an example of a for-profit health club?
YMCA
Unlike the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans make _____.
a hormone that raises the level of glucose in the blood
Complications from kidney failure due to diabetes may lead to the need for
a kidney transplant. kidney dialysis.
Which of the following is the symbol that reflects the USDA 2011 healthy eating guidelines for Americans?
a plate setting
Nutrient
a substance found in food that is used by the body to support normal growth, maintenance, and repair.
Characterize the amount of stored ATP.
a very small amount
Which of the following is the most immediate source of energy?
adenosine triphosphate
Concerns over dietary supplements exist because
advertising may not be truthful. the government does not evaluate the supplements before they are released.
Endurance activities such as long-distance running, cycling, and swimming are examples of sports that rely on ________ metabolism
aerobic
Endurance events lasting several hours, such as running a marathon (26.2 miles) or cycling 50 miles, depend primarily on the ______ pathway.
aerobic
The highest amount of oxygen the body can consume during exhaustive exercise is termed
aerobic capacity
Distance running, cycling, and swimming are activities that rely on energy produced through which of the following?
aerobic metabolism
Energy production in the presence of oxygen is called
aerobic metabolism
Diabetics should carry or wear a medical identification bracelet or tag to _____.
alert emergency workers and other health care professionals of the presence of diabetes
Which of the following is the best and most important reason for diabetics to wear medical identification?
allows medical professionals to start life-saving procedures quickly and appropriately
The cells that make glucagon inside the islets of Langerhans are called
alpha cells.
Where should the fingers be placed when taking the radial pulse?
an inch below the base of the thumb
The production of energy without oxygen present is known as
anaerobic metabolism
Which of the following is the major source of energy for such activities as sprinting and weight lifting?
anaerobic metabolism
Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include all of the following except
anxiety/high energy.
An optimal fitness program will use the initial fitness level
as a baseline or starting point.
Which of the following is not a diabetic eye complication?
astigmatism
The recommended exercise frequency is _____.
at least three and up to seven days per week
Which disease occurs at younger ages and is at least twice as common in those with diabetes as in those without diabetes?
atherosclerosis
Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to fatty deposits is
atherosclerosis.
When energy intake equals energy expenditure, it is called energy
balance
Diabetes is the leading cause of ____ in adults
blindness
Lean body weight and fat body weight are components of
body composition
The preferred approach to estimating healthy weight is based on the concept of __________ ____________ in which the body is viewed as consisting of different tissue components.
body composition
The relative amounts of fat weight and lean weight that is reported as percent body fat is
body composition
_____ ______ partitions body weight into lean tissue and fat tissue and prescribes a healthy weight from one's level of relative body fatness.
body composition
In the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance is a condition in which the _____.
body's cells fail to use insulin properly
Select all that apply Which of the following are the two main eating disorders? Multiple select question. bulimia nervosa caloria nervosa anorexia nervosa obesity
bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa
The six nutrient classes
carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, water
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water
A shuttle test, 1-mile walk, or 2-mile run could all be used to assess which of the following?
cardiorespiratory fitness
The ability of the respiratory and circulatory systems to supply oxygen to the working muscles during sustained physical activity is known as
cardiorespiratory fitness
When is the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to explore fitness classes and activities due to the exercise and sports facilities available at little to no cost?
college
Activities such as bench press, high jump, and 40-yard sprint are ______ dependent on the anaerobic pathway.
completely
The most highly related indicator of healthy weight is body
composition
Regardless of the type of equipment or specific program, the overall goal of resistance-based exercise is to _____.
condition all the major muscles
Wearing a heart rate monitor during exercise is a reliable, durable, and relatively inexpensive way to ______ measure the heart rate.
continuously
A lack of insulin being produced in the body is referred to as insulin
deficiency
The group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells is called
diabetes.
Treatment for gestational diabetes usually consists of:
dietary changes avoiding excessive weight gain
The thermic effect of food, the slight warm-up of the body after a meal, refers to the energy associated with
digestion
If someone is over training (exercising too hard), health benefits will ______ and health risks ______.
diminish, increase
Waist circumference of obese or overweight individuals can also be used to determine
disease risk
Generally, sudden deaths of young athletes are attributed to which cause(s)?
drug use. heat stress. cardiac abnormalities.
Which of the following would help motivate someone to continue an exercise program?
earning rewards
A spectrum of clinical disorders involving disturbed eating patterns is called
eating disorders
The primary causes of obesity are
eating too much. exercising too little.
Over time, the onset of angina, heart attack, and stroke in diabetics are due to
elevated blood glucose levels. compromised circulation.
Which of the following is not a reason people stop an exercise program?
enjoyment
How often should those who enjoy vigorous exercise train?
every other day
The primary cause and chief risk factor for type 2 diabetes is
excess body fat.
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
fainting mild discomfort severe confusion
Body composition is typically expressed as percent body ______ and used to recommend a healthy weight range.
fat
Which of the following is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
fatty deposits
Which of the following are typically provided by a personal trainer?
feedback instruction motivation
Which of the following is not a FITT factor?
fitness
The functional range of motion of a joint is called
flexibility
In the context of musculoskeletal fitness, stretching should _____.
focus on muscle or tendon groups at major joints
A foodborne illness or disease is routinely referred to as
food poisoning
The acronym FITT stands for which four factors of an exercise plan?
frequency, intensity, time, and type
During the early 1900s which animal did researchers W. M. Fletcher and F. G. Hopkins use to study muscle fibers?
frog
Physical tasks requiring effort such as carrying heavy loads, walking great distances, and working with tools has been a part of life up until a few ______ ago.
generations
Alpha cells
glucagon
A simple form of sugar that is the body's primary source of energy is called
glucose
An important marker of blood ______ management is a blood test known as the A1c test.
glucose
A simple form of sugar that is the body's primary source of energy is called
glucose.
Which two of the following categories are considered categories of physical fitness? health-related fitness age-related fitness skill-related fitness
health-related fitness skill-related fitness
A body weight at which you feel good and physically function at a high level of well-being is known as a(n) __________ weight.
healthy, optimal, ideal, or desirable
Name the components of the cardiorespiratory system that work together to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
heart lungs blood vessels
Over time, elevated blood glucose levels and compromised circulation can cause
heart attack. stroke.
Which of the following is the protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells?
hemoglobin
The combination of glucose and hemoglobin A is called _____.
hemoglobin A1c
Prolonged fatigue and extreme soreness often result from participating in a starter exercise program that focuses on
high-intensity exercise.
Which of the following is indicated by the A1c test?
how well blood glucose has been controlled over the past several months
An abnormally high level of blood glucose that is the hallmark of uncontrolled diabetes is known as
hyperglycemia
Even during the early stages of type 2 diabetes, _____ causes microvascular disease and may cause or contribute to macrovascular disease.
hyperglycemia
Keeping blood glucose levels from getting too high, a condition known as ______, is the primary challenge in treating diabetes.
hyperglycemia
An abnormally high level of blood glucose is known as
hyperglycemia.
The primary challenge in treating diabetes is to keep blood glucose levels from getting too high, a condition known as
hyperglycemia.
Another term for low blood glucose levels is
hypoglycemia.
A person's physiological well-being ______ as their fitness level improves.
improves
A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into the cells is known as
insulin
Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as non-____ dependent diabetes.
insulin
beta cells
insulin
A lack of insulin being produced in the body is referred to as
insulin deficiency.
Type 2 diabetes is often referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes because at least initially,
insulin is not needed to treat the condition.
An inability to effectively use the insulin produced by the body is referred to as
insulin resistance.
The RPE scale is used to monitor which of the following?
intensity of exercise
Fasting
is defined as no caloric intake for eight hours.
Compared to the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test for diabetes, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) _____.
is more burdensome on patients
Clusters of cells located throughout the pancreas are known as
islets of Langerhans
Flexibility is the functional range of motion of a
joint
A life-threatening condition in which the body burns too much fat too quickly and makes the body too acidic, upsetting the normal chemical balance is called
ketoacidosis
When the body burns too much fat too quickly, ______ will accumulate in the bloodstream, making the body too acidic and upsetting normal chemical balance and leading to ketoacidosis.
ketones
Which organ is impacted by diabetes when its tiny blood vessels are damaged and the blood can no longer be properly filtered?
kidney
Following the research of George Brooks, scientists now recognize that ______ plays a role in linking the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.
lactic acid
In the early 1900s, when researchers electrically stimulated the muscle fibers of a frog, they found that as the muscle fatigued it would accumulate large amounts of
lactic acid
The aerobic and anaerobic pathways are linked by which of the following?
lactic acid
Which of the following components make up body composition?
lean body weight fat weight
Muscle, bone, organs, and connective tissue are all examples of which type of tissue?
lean tissue
A finding of the Diabetes Prevention Program was that _____.
lifestyle intervention and oral medication treatments were effective in preventing diabetes
Low blood sugar is generally considered to be
lower than 70 mg/dL.
Which of the following is not one of the principles on which exercise training is based?
maintenance
According to the Mayo Clinic, a behavior-change strategy for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is to _____. Multiple choice question. measure body composition using field-based methods rather than using lab-based methods consume only 100 Cal more than needed every day for a year increase muscle and bone density by increasing the consumption of high-fat foods make a commitment and be specific about what one is willing to do
make a commitment and be specific about what one is willing to do
The ________ syndrome is a cluster of interrelated metabolic and cardiovascular factors that directly appear to promote type 2 diabetes.
metabolic
Underlying risk factors such as abdominal obesity and insulin resistance are likely to precipitate _____.
metabolic syndrome
The actual site of aerobic metabolism where food is converted to usable energy in the presence of oxygen is the cell structure known as the _____.
mitochondrion
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored in the ______ in very small amounts and supplies energy for only a few seconds.
muscle
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored in the
muscles or muscle cell
Which of the following are considered the three components of muscular fitness?
muscular endurance muscular strength flexibility
The ability of a muscle to sustain a submaximal force or repeatedly lift a relative weight is called
muscular endurance.
The maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance is
muscular strength.
Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are all elements of ______ fitness.
musculoskeletal
Another term for nerve damage is
neuropathy
Fasting is best defined as
no caloric intake for eight hours.
The first-line approach to treat metabolic syndrome is to strive to _____.
normalize blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and body weight to recommended goals
Treatment for gestational diabetes focuses on:
normalizing maternal blood glucose levels
Most communities offer several health/fitness club options. The YMCA and YWCA are examples of
not-for-profit health centers.
Muscular strength differs from muscular endurance in which of the following aspects?
number of repetitions
It is estimated that 80--90 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are
obese
The storage of excessive amounts of fat that increases a person's risk for multiple chronic diseases is called
obesity
Energy supplied from stored ATP generally provides energy for how long?
only a few seconds
Cardiorespiratory function refers to the integration of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. Together they work to transport ______ in the blood to muscles and other tissues.
oxygen
When taking the heart rate at the radial artery you use two fingers. Which location is the best place to take the radial pulse?
palm side of the wrist
The______, sandwiched between the stomach and the spine, is an oblong gland about the size and shape of a flattened banana.
pancreas
Then_____ is a gland that makes hormones and enzymes essential for the body's digestion and use of food.
pancreas
Which gland makes hormones and enzymes that help the body digest and use food?
pancreas
An instructor at the gym who can help familiarize a person with the equipment and demonstrate proper technique is called a
personal trainer
Which of the following is not included in the components of a complete fitness program?
personal training
Movement produced by muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure above a resting level is
physical activity
Simply moving around using our own muscle power refers to
physical activity
Diabetes leads to _____, which can cause ulcers, infections, and poor wound healing.
poor circulation and nerve damage
Aerobic metabolism is the source of energy for
prolonged activities.
Which of the following is an organic compound made up of amino acids that serves as a structural component of body tissues? Multiple choice question. Carbohydrates Vitamins Proteins Fats
proteins
The main function of carbohydrates is to
provide fuel for the cells.
Which tests can be used to assess muscular fitness?
push-ups sit-ups trunk flexion
Trans fats
raise blood cholesterol.
1RM is associated with muscular strength, the most weight a person can lift one time. RM stands for which of the following?
repetition maximum
An inability to effectively use the insulin produced by the body is referred to as insulin
resistance
Which of the following are components of a complete fitness program?
resistance training aerobic training flexibility training
The four principles of training include which of the following? Multiple select question. reversibility overload generalities specificity
reversibility generalities specificity
Physical demands of modern-day life are dramatically less compared with those of a few generations ago and are associated with the resulting ______ lifestyle of today.
sedentary
Carbohydrates found in fruit, milk, pastries, and sweet sodas are called
simple sugars
chapter 3
starts here
An important marker of blood glucose management is a blood test known as
the A1c.
One day, all Americans will be physically active and will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular physical activity. This statement is the vision of _____.
the National Physical Activity Plan
Which of the following is a recognized alternative to the USDA dietary guidelines? The Food Wheel Atkins Diet Dr. Oz's Grocery List The Healthy Eating Plate
the healthy eating plate
Difficulty in controlling type 1 diabetes is due to
the lack of insulin production.
The best thing a person considering the purchase of exercise equipment can do is take the time to thoroughly research the product. Which of the following would not be a reliable source for unbiased information?
the product Web site
Nutrition
the science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease.
The ______ effect of food is the energy expenditure component associated with digestion.
thermic
The modeling industry has influenced eating behaviors by glamorizing ______ women.
thin
A standard fitness test such as ______ can help beginners assess their initial cardiorespiratory fitness level.
timing a 1-mile walk timing a 1.5-mile run
What is the primary function of protein in the body?
tissue growth and maintenance
Vegetable oils chemically converted to a solid form are called
trans fats
Micronutrients are only needed in small quantities and many are not required daily
true
The body has a difficult time adapting when it is overloaded with exercise. Which of the following principles of FITT is not a major contributing factor of over training?
type
Which type of diabetes usually develops in people older than 40 and becomes more common with age?
type 2
Which of the following are advantages that college campuses offer to students interested in physical fitness?
variety of classes high-caliber instructors good facilities
Running is considered a ______-intensity activity.
vigorous
Which of the following describes activities that require 60-85 percent of one's aerobic capacity?
vigorous intensity
The most essential nutrient is
water
Having encouraging friends, knowledgeable instruction, and enjoyable activities
will motivate someone to choose exercise over other options.
Which of the following are most likely to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes?
young adults children teenagers
Which of the following are most likely to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes? Multiple select question. young adults teenagers older adults children
young adults teenagers children
Eating disorders are one of the key health issues facing _____.
young women