Blood

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except

carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

erythropoietin (EPO).

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Plasma is closest in ionic composition to

interstitial fluid.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

viscosity about the same as water.

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C)

anemia

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

Within macrophages in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and is first converted to which of the following organic compounds?

biliverdin

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony-stimulating factor

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Deoxyhemoglobin is __________.

dark red in color

Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements?

erythrocytes

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________.

erythropoietin; kidneys

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

form stacks.

Which of the following is not a classification of plasma proteins?

globins

Which of the following is normally produced in the liver, and could explain why Joe's blood is ineffective at carrying around important molecules?

globulins

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates blood cell formation

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

hyperchromic.

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except

increased jaundice

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

platelets

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow.

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5 to 6

Define hemocytoblasts. (Module 17.3A

Hemocytoblasts form from hematopoietic stem cells and divide into lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells.

Describe hemoglobin. (Module 17.5B

Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen.

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

Hemoglobin molecules

Which of the following is incorrect about hemoglobin?

It is a plasma protein

Compare the types of cells that lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells produce. (Module 17.3C)

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells give rise to all the formed elements except lymphocytes.

Describe platelets and their origin. (Module 17.3B)

Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes.

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.

RBC count

Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A)

RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.

The doctor is concerned about excessive bleeding in Joe's body, because

The liver normally synthesizes molecules that help stop bleeding

Hematology can detect all of the following except

body temp

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen.

Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting?

fibrogen

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron ions.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood?

generates body temperature

Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A)

heart, blood, and blood vessels

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit.

What term is associated with elevated values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCH)?

hyperchromic

Which specific plasma proteins would you expect to be elevated during an infection? (Module 17.2C)

immunoglobulins

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis

Erythropoietin:

is released into the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to low oxygen concentrations

Given his liver problems, Joe's doctor is also probably concerned that he might have

jaundice

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the

kidney

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except

lymph vessels

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8L

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia.

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

produce hormones

Cells that are destined to become RBCs in the bone marrow first differentiate into which of the following?

proerythroblasts

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is

red bone marrow

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.

separated

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except

the kidney

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver.

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

the release of erythropoietin.a rise in hematocrit.a drop in oxygen levels. *All of the answers are correct*

Bilirubin is __________.

transported to the liver for excretion in the bile

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0.

Compare oxyhemoglobin with deoxyhemoglobin. (Module 17.5C)

Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

A rouleaux is __________.

a stack of red blood cells

A typical adult hematocrit is

higher in males than females

Which is true regarding heme?

The binding of an oxygen molecule to the iron in a heme unit is completely reversible.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Veins return blood to the capillaries

Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B)

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements

What is hematology? (Module 17.4A)

Hematology is the study of blood, blood-producing organs, and blood disorders

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins.

In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

an alcoholic with a damaged liver

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells.

differential count

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

during periods of fasting