Blood
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
55; 92
Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except
carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues
Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called
erythropoietin (EPO).
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance.
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
her hemoglobin level is normal.
Plasma is closest in ionic composition to
interstitial fluid.
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except
viscosity about the same as water.
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45 percent
Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C)
anemia
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?
antibodies
Within macrophages in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and is first converted to which of the following organic compounds?
biliverdin
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.
Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.
colony-stimulating factor
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
Deoxyhemoglobin is __________.
dark red in color
Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements?
erythrocytes
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________.
erythropoietin; kidneys
Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to
form stacks.
Which of the following is not a classification of plasma proteins?
globins
Which of the following is normally produced in the liver, and could explain why Joe's blood is ineffective at carrying around important molecules?
globulins
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
hemoglobin
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?
hormone that regulates blood cell formation
An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed
hyperchromic.
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except
increased jaundice
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
Which of the following is not a component of plasma?
platelets
The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of
proteins
All the circulating red blood cells originate in the
red bone marrow
Granulocytes form in
red bone marrow.
The most abundant component of plasma is
water
The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.
5 to 6
Define hemocytoblasts. (Module 17.3A
Hemocytoblasts form from hematopoietic stem cells and divide into lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells.
Describe hemoglobin. (Module 17.5B
Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen.
________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.
Hemoglobin molecules
Which of the following is incorrect about hemoglobin?
It is a plasma protein
Compare the types of cells that lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells produce. (Module 17.3C)
Lymphoid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells give rise to all the formed elements except lymphocytes.
Describe platelets and their origin. (Module 17.3B)
Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes.
The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.
RBC count
Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A)
RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.
The doctor is concerned about excessive bleeding in Joe's body, because
The liver normally synthesizes molecules that help stop bleeding
Hematology can detect all of the following except
body temp
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen.
Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting?
fibrogen
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
four iron ions.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood?
generates body temperature
Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A)
heart, blood, and blood vessels
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
hematocrit.
What term is associated with elevated values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCH)?
hyperchromic
Which specific plasma proteins would you expect to be elevated during an infection? (Module 17.2C)
immunoglobulins
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins.
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in
increased erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin:
is released into the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to low oxygen concentrations
Given his liver problems, Joe's doctor is also probably concerned that he might have
jaundice
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the
kidney
RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their
lack of nucleus.
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except
lymph vessels
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes
You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?
3.8L
An elevated hematocrit value is termed
polycythemia.
Which of the following is not a function of blood?
produce hormones
Cells that are destined to become RBCs in the bone marrow first differentiate into which of the following?
proerythroblasts
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is
red bone marrow
When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.
separated
The normal pH of blood is
slightly alkaline.
The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except
the kidney
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver.
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
the release of erythropoietin.a rise in hematocrit.a drop in oxygen levels. *All of the answers are correct*
Bilirubin is __________.
transported to the liver for excretion in the bile
Which of the following statements about blood is false?
Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0.
Compare oxyhemoglobin with deoxyhemoglobin. (Module 17.5C)
Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry oxygen
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood
A rouleaux is __________.
a stack of red blood cells
A typical adult hematocrit is
higher in males than females
Which is true regarding heme?
The binding of an oxygen molecule to the iron in a heme unit is completely reversible.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Veins return blood to the capillaries
Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B)
Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements
What is hematology? (Module 17.4A)
Hematology is the study of blood, blood-producing organs, and blood disorders
Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?
albumin
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins.
In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?
an alcoholic with a damaged liver
The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells.
differential count
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except
during periods of fasting