Blood Bank Ch 2
Select the portion of the antibody molecule that imparts the antibody's unique class function.
Constant region of the heavy chain
Select the substance that regulates the activity of other cells by binding to specific receptors.
Cytokines
A technologist added 4 drops of a 5% red cell suspension instead of the required 1 drop to a hemagglutination test. What is the potential consequence to the test results?
False-negative
What part of the immunoglobulin molecule distinguishes the isotype?
Heavy chain
Variable region of an immunoglobulin
Idiotype
Ig class associated with allergic reactions and mast cell activation
IgE
Ig class able to cross the placenta
IgG
What immunoglobulin class is capable of crossing the placenta?
IgG
Which immunoglobulin class is impacted by the zeta potential in a hemagglutination test?
IgG
Select the immunoglobulin class produced first in the primary immune response
IgM
What immunoglobulin class reacts best at room temperature at immediate-spin?
IgM
The type of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain
Isotype
When testing for the A antigen in a patient, what would you use to perform the test?
Patient's red cells and anti-A
What biological molecules are considered the most immunogenic?
Proteins
Which of the following will cause an antigen to elicit a greater immune response?
Size greater than 10,000 daltons
Extravascular destruction of blood cells occurs in the:
Spleen
Select the region of the antibody molecule responsible for imparting unique antibody specificity.
Variable region
After adding antigen and antibody to a test tube, one large agglutinate was observed. How should this reaction be graded?
4+
Which of the following is responsible for the activation of the classic pathway of complement?
Antibody bound to antigen
In a serologic test, the term prozone is also known as:
Antibody excess
Select the cell involved in humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
Select the term that describes cells or tissue from a genetically different individual within the same species.
Allogeneic
What process is described by opsonization?
Binding to cells or antigens to promote phagocytosis
In the complement cascade, lysis of the target cell is mediated by which of the following components?
C5 to C9 (membrane attack complex)
Hemolysis was observed at room temperature when testing a patient's serum with reagent red cells used for screening. When this test was repeated using the patient's plasma, no hemolysis was observed. What was the most likely explanation for the different reactions?
Complement activation was inhibited by calcium in the plasma sample
Part of the antigen that the immunoglobulin binds to
Epitope
What is the potential effect in a tube agglutination test if a red cell suspension with a concentration greater than 5% is used?
False negatives
What portion of the antibody molecule binds to receptors on macrophages and assists in the removal of antibody bound to red cells?
Fc fragment
Imparts flexibility to the immunoglobulin molecule
Hinge region
Ig class found in secretions, such as breast milk
IgA
Ig class with the highest serum concentration
IgG
Ig class associated with immediate-spin in vitro reactions
IgM
Ig class associated with intravascular cell destruction
IgM
Ig class efficient in activation of the complement cascade
IgM
Ig class with the highest number of antigen binding sites (valency)
IgM
In order to enhance the reaction of an antibody in vitro, it may be necessary to adjust which of the following?
Increase the incubation time in the incubator
Two types of light chains
Kappa and Lambda
occurs when the concentration of antigen exceeds the number of antibodies present
Postzone
An antibody identified in the transfusion service appeared to be reacting stronger following the second exposure to an antigen from a transfusion. The most likely explanation of this observation is: a. affinity maturation of the immunoglobulin molecule b. anamnestic response c. isotype switching d. all of the above
all of the above
An antigen that originates from the individual is termed:
autologous
