Blood Bank Ch 2

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Select the portion of the antibody molecule that imparts the antibody's unique class function.

Constant region of the heavy chain

Select the substance that regulates the activity of other cells by binding to specific receptors.

Cytokines

A technologist added 4 drops of a 5% red cell suspension instead of the required 1 drop to a hemagglutination test. What is the potential consequence to the test results?

False-negative

What part of the immunoglobulin molecule distinguishes the isotype?

Heavy chain

Variable region of an immunoglobulin

Idiotype

Ig class associated with allergic reactions and mast cell activation

IgE

Ig class able to cross the placenta

IgG

What immunoglobulin class is capable of crossing the placenta?

IgG

Which immunoglobulin class is impacted by the zeta potential in a hemagglutination test?

IgG

Select the immunoglobulin class produced first in the primary immune response

IgM

What immunoglobulin class reacts best at room temperature at immediate-spin?

IgM

The type of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain

Isotype

When testing for the A antigen in a patient, what would you use to perform the test?

Patient's red cells and anti-A

What biological molecules are considered the most immunogenic?

Proteins

Which of the following will cause an antigen to elicit a greater immune response?

Size greater than 10,000 daltons

Extravascular destruction of blood cells occurs in the:

Spleen

Select the region of the antibody molecule responsible for imparting unique antibody specificity.

Variable region

After adding antigen and antibody to a test tube, one large agglutinate was observed. How should this reaction be graded?

4+

Which of the following is responsible for the activation of the classic pathway of complement?

Antibody bound to antigen

In a serologic test, the term prozone is also known as:

Antibody excess

Select the cell involved in humoral immunity

B lymphocytes

Select the term that describes cells or tissue from a genetically different individual within the same species.

Allogeneic

What process is described by opsonization?

Binding to cells or antigens to promote phagocytosis

In the complement cascade, lysis of the target cell is mediated by which of the following components?

C5 to C9 (membrane attack complex)

Hemolysis was observed at room temperature when testing a patient's serum with reagent red cells used for screening. When this test was repeated using the patient's plasma, no hemolysis was observed. What was the most likely explanation for the different reactions?

Complement activation was inhibited by calcium in the plasma sample

Part of the antigen that the immunoglobulin binds to

Epitope

What is the potential effect in a tube agglutination test if a red cell suspension with a concentration greater than 5% is used?

False negatives

What portion of the antibody molecule binds to receptors on macrophages and assists in the removal of antibody bound to red cells?

Fc fragment

Imparts flexibility to the immunoglobulin molecule

Hinge region

Ig class found in secretions, such as breast milk

IgA

Ig class with the highest serum concentration

IgG

Ig class associated with immediate-spin in vitro reactions

IgM

Ig class associated with intravascular cell destruction

IgM

Ig class efficient in activation of the complement cascade

IgM

Ig class with the highest number of antigen binding sites (valency)

IgM

In order to enhance the reaction of an antibody in vitro, it may be necessary to adjust which of the following?

Increase the incubation time in the incubator

Two types of light chains

Kappa and Lambda

occurs when the concentration of antigen exceeds the number of antibodies present

Postzone

An antibody identified in the transfusion service appeared to be reacting stronger following the second exposure to an antigen from a transfusion. The most likely explanation of this observation is: a. affinity maturation of the immunoglobulin molecule b. anamnestic response c. isotype switching d. all of the above

all of the above

An antigen that originates from the individual is termed:

autologous


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