Blood Clotting (Hemostasis)

Platelets encourage blood vessel spasm by releasing serotonin which is going to say:

"Hey smooth muscle, you should continue to do your vascular spasm. You should continue to do your blood vessel spasm and try to close off this area to try to prevent blood loss."

Hemostasis is important when:

Blood vessels are injured.

Hematology is the study of:

Blood.

If you have regular blood pressure going through a blood vessel it will:

Blow out a platelet plug in most cases.

Blood coagulation is very necessary and very:

Chemically complex.

Extrinsic pathway would be you have damage to the:

Outside of the blood vessel.

The goal is to get this area that has been damaged:

Patched with a clot as fast as possible.

For the second stage of hemostasis (blood vessel spasm), we are going to have a:

Platelet plug.

If you have a damaged blood vessel and you have collagen sticking out:

Platelets find this very attractive or interesting and they are going to cruise into that area.

A platelet plug is formed by:

Platelets signaling other platelets that it is an interesting place that they should come to.

A platelet plug is a collection of:

Platelets.

Platelets stick together to form:

Plug.

Fibrin will trap any kind of large solids that it can to form:

Solid packing material to block the blood flow out of the blood vessel.

Hemostasis is the process of:

Stabilizing your blood flow when you have a bleeding event.

The goal for using hemostasis or blood clotting is to:

Stop the bleeding when you have a bleeding event.

Spackle like the platelet plug is something that will:

Temporarily cover up the hole. You are going to need to actually do the true fix later. (It is not going to totally fix your problem.)

A true clot is very:

Thick.

This is one of those clotting factors but it is going to be in a liquid form.

This is fibrinogen.

Damaging the populations of E. coli in the large intestine can actually effect the amount of:

Vitamin K that goes into the person's blood.

In order for all this chemistry to work you need some other tings to be present and one of them is:

Vitamin K.

Long term antibiotics can effect your ability to clot the blood because:

You are damaging the populations of E. coli in the large intestine.

If you are applying pressure to a wound what you are doing is:

You are helping to close up the end of that blood vessel to try to lessen the blood loss.

If you are damaging the populations of E. coli in the large intestine:

You are not going to have enough vitamin K and you might not be able to clot the blood.

If you have a large blood vessel that has ben broken:

You are probably going to need a surgeon to help you.

The first thing that is going to happen is:

You are to going to have a vascular spasm or a blood vessel spasm.

Platelets adhere to (blank) on rough surface of broken vessel.

collagen

Thromboxane calls out to other platelets and says:

"Hey you guys, come on in here. This is really interesting. Come over here."

Hemostasis involves three (3) stages:

1. Blood vessel spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood coagulation

There are two different pathways that can lead to clot formation:

1. Extrinsic 2. Intrinsic

In the third stage of hemostasis (blood coagulation), a complex chain reaction of events forms the clot in:

3 to 6 minutes. (an average of 5 minutes)

The amount of time to remember is:

30 minutes.

The effects of the vascular spasm or blood vessel spasm last about:

30 minutes.

E. coli bacteria that are in the large intestine actually give off:

About a dozen vitamins as they do their own chemistry (as they do their own work).

In the first stage of hemostasis (blood vessel spasm), blood loss lessens:

Almost immediately.

You can help to close up the end of that blood vessel by:

Applying pressure.

Platelets also release thromboxane which:

Attracts more platelets.

Hemostasis stops:

Bleeding.

The goal is to form true clot which can handle:

Blood pressure and then get it out of the way.

You are trying to be able to withstand:

Blood pressure and to have good solid packing material.

In the third and final stage of hemostasis (blood clotting), the blood is going to be:

Coagulating. (We are going to have blood coagulation.)

In the first stage of hemostasis (blood vessel spasm), the smooth muscle is going to:

Constrict. It is going to contract.

The main event of blood coagulation is:

Conversion of soluble (liquid) fibrinogen of plasma into insoluble (solid) fibrin threads.

Most of this vitamin K comes from the:

Diet.

If you do not have a cut or damage to a blood vessel platelets normally:

Do not do anything.

We also get vitamin K from the (blank) bacteria that are in the large intestine.

E. coli

True or False: In the first stage of hemostasis (blood vessel spasm), the end of the vessel will always close completely.

False. The end of the vessel could close completely. If you are lucky. But it usually does not.

All we care about is the production of:

Fibrin.

If you have ever picked at a scab you may notice little stringy pieces and these are pieces of:

Fibrin.

The stringy, mesh like stuff is:

Fibrin.

In the first stage of hemostasis (blood vessel spasm), the broken ends of your blood vessel are going to try to:

Get smaller so that the opening or the lumen where the blood would flow is going to get smaller.

If you have damage to a blood vessel the platelets are going to:

Go to the area of the blood vessel that has been damaged.

The term that is also used for blood clotting is:

Hemostasis.

If the opening or the lumen where the blood would flow gets smaller:

Hopefully you don't have as much of the blood less.

Platelets release serotonin which:

Increases vascular spasm or blood vessel spasm.

Intrinsic pathway would be you have damage to the:

Inside of the blood vessel.

Normally the platelets do not have anything that they see that is:

Interesting that they want to stick to.

The platelet plug is not going to be your clot but:

It is a good start to is and it can start to cover up the hole that you have that blood otherwise be able to go through.

The goal at all times is to produce ATP so the problem with bleeding out and the problem with a damaged blood vessel is that:

It is preventing you from having normal blood flow and the cells and tissues downstream are going to be deprived of O₂ and nutrients to produce ATP.

Vitamin K is very plentiful in:

Leafy green vegetables. (You can find vitamin K in just about any food.)

E. coli bacteria and the vitamins it gives off can be absorbed through the:

Lining of the large intestine into our blood and we can use that.

The third stage of hemostasis (blood coagulation) involves plasma proteins produced mostly by the:

Liver.

We are going to use a bunch of clotting factors that come from the:

Liver.

We are going to use fibrin as a:

Net to capture all kinds of solids including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Rough edges of collagen that are going to stick out in the area of the damaged vessel are going to become:

Really interesting to the platelets.

Platelets also release the neurotransmitter:

Serotonin.

Platelets are normally cruising around in blood vessels that are extremely:

Smooth.

The inside lining of a blood vessel (if it is healthy) is one of the :

Smoothest surfaces in the human body.

Vitamin K is also required by the liver to make:

The clotting proteins or the clotting factors in the first place.

If somebody takes broad spectrum antibiotics that can kill not just bad bacteria in the body but also:

The good bacteria that are in the intestines.

Hemostasis refers to:

The stability of blood.

Platelet plugs are a good start to the clotting process but:

They are not that great. (They are pretty flimsy.)

The fibrin will act as a:

Trap.

Blood coagulation is when you form the:

True clot.

If the person has liver damage or liver problems or has something else that could be interfering with the chemistry of blood clotting then:

Usually you say that if they can clot within 15 minutes it is okay.

What we care about is the:

Very end of the pathway.

(Blank) is needed in the blood to do all of the chemistry needed to do the blood clotting.

Vitamin K

You want the clot to be strong (you want it to be tough) so that:

You can resume your normal blood flow as quickly as possible and the tissues downstream are going to be able to get all the O₂ and nutrients that they need to produce their ATP.

You want to push the blood clot up against the wall so that:

You can resume your normal blood flow.

If you are unable to stop the bleeding:

You could potentially bleed out and die.

Liquid fibrinogen is just going to be floating around the blood in liquid form. It does not do anything at all unless:

You have damage to your blood vessel and you need to have a clotting event.

If you are bleeding longer than 30 minutes:

You should probably seek medical help. (You are probably going to need sutures.)

If the person has something that could be interfering with the chemistry of blood clotting and it is taking longer than 15 minutes for the blood to clot:

You usually need medical attention.

If you have a hole in a section of drywall maybe you do not have time to actually repair the drywall right now but:

You want to cover up the hole so you buy something called spackle (it is not going to be super thick).

We are going to use (blank) to stabilize your blood flow when you have a bleeding event.

clotting

Collagen is from the (blank) tissue.

connective

Solid (blank) is going to be in strands or threads.

fibrin

Solid (blank) comes from the liquid (blank).

fibrin; fibrinogen.

We are going to take a liquid protein called (blank) and we are going to have a bunch of chemistry that causes that liquid (blank) to change into solid (blank).

fibrinogen; fibrinogen; fibrin

(Blank) or (blank) is chemically one of the most complex things that happens in the human body.

hemostasis; blood clotting

The goal is to try and (blank) the blood loss.

lessen

Anybody with (blank) damage is going to have trouble clotting their blood.

liver

The (blank) is really important for all kinds of chemistry.

liver

You have to have a healthy (blank) in order to be able to do this blood clotting process.

liver

Plasma proteins all have (blank) and they are also indicated by (blank).

name; roman numerals

Fibrin traps (blank) and (blank) to form clots.

platelets; blood cells

Hemostasis is an example of (blank) feedback, which is pretty rare in the normal human body.

positive

We are going to use (blank), (blank), and (blank) as our clotting material.

red blood cells; white blood cells; platelets

(Blank) allows platelets to talk to smooth muscle that is in the lining of the blood vessel.

serotonin

Hemostasis is most effective in (blank) vessels.

small

It is (blank) muscle lining the blood vessels.

smooth