Blood Pearson Questions
A patient developed an obstruction in his renal arteries that restricted blood flow to his kidneys. What change would occur to the formed elements? 1.Circulating thrombocyte numbers would decrease 2.Leukocyte numbers would increase 3.Red blood cell numbers would decrease 4.hematocrit would increase
Hematocrit would increase - Because of the obstruction to blood flow to the kidneys, there would be diminished oxygen supply to the kidneys. this reduced oxygen supply would cause the kidneys to produce and release erythropoietin into the bloodstream. Erythropoietin would stimulate the development of mature erythrocytes and their release into circulation. - Circulating thrombocyte numbers would not decrease - Leukocyte numbers would not increase - Red blood cell numbers would not decrease
Which of the following is the least abundant type of plasma protein? 1. Globulins 2.Hormones 3.Fibrinogen 4.Albumins
Hormones - Plasma contains significant quantities of dissolved proteins, these include the three most abundant types: albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. There are other types, such as enzymes in the blood, hormones, and other clotting factors in addition to fibrinogen. - Approximately 7 percent of the plasma is composed of protein.
Which plasma protein would you expect to be elevated if you were suffering from strep throat 1.transport globulins 2.Albumins 3.Immunoglobulins 4.Fibinogen
Immunoglobulins - Important plasma proteins include immunoglobulins and transport globulins. The immunoglobulins are antibodies, which are produced in response to infection. The immunoglobulins would be increased if you had strep throat, which is a bacterial infection.
In which pregnancy are an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis? 1.All pregnancies 2.First pregnancy 3.No pregnancy 4.Second or alter pregnancies
No pregnancy - in no pregnancy would the presence of the Rh antigen in the child provoke an immune response from another mother's body because she also has the antigen. an immune response would develop, however, if the child was Rh-positive and the mother was negative, the Rh antigen in the child would provoke an immune response in the mother, since the mothers body would detect that antigen as foreign.
Which of the following is/are not (a) formed element(s)? 1.Platelets 2.Plasma 3.Leukocytes 4.Erythrocytes
Plasma - Plasma is not a formed element. Formed elemets are defined as the cellular components of blood, which include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. The other half of blood volume is made up of plasma, which is the liquid part of blood. Plasma is mostly (over 90%) water and contains small amounts of protein and other solutes.
What is serum? 1.plasma without electrolytes 2.plasma with only immunoglobulins present 3.plasma with all of the proteins removed 4.plasma with the clotting factors removed
Plasma with the clotting factors removed - When the blood clots, fibrinogen and the other clotting factors, including calcium ions, are used up. if that clotted blood is centrifuged and the cells are separated out, what is left is serum. Serum is very similar to plasma, but the clotting factors and calcium ions have been removed. however many other plasma components are still present, including immunoglobulins.
Proportionally, what is the largest component of plasma, other than water? 1.Wastes 2.Electrolytes 3.Nutrients 4.Proteins
Proteins -other than water, the plasma proteins are the biggest component. They include albumins, different types of globulins, and fibrinogen and other clotting factors. There would also be protein hormones and enzymes. These proteins are very important, because they help the blood perform many of its functions. - The precent of erythrocytes and leukocytes do not individually count as the hematocrit.
The formed elements of the blood consist of .....? 1. antibodies, metalloproteins, and lipoproteins 2.Electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes 3. Red and white blood cells and platelets 4.Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
Red and white blood cells and platelets - The formed elements of the blood consist of red and white blood cells and platelets. This portion of the blood consists of cells and cellular material. The red blood cells transport gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, and hormones throughout the body against pathogens and tissue injury. Platelets contain chemical that help trigger blood clotting. formed elements take up about half the volume of blood, with the other half of blood volume taken up by plasma.
Where are red blood cells produced in an adult? 1.red bone marrow 2.yellow bone marrow 3.liver 4.lungs
Red bone marrow - Red bone marrow, also known as myeloid tissue, is present inside the bone. in an adult, the most important locations of red bone marrow include the vertebra, the sternum, the ribs, and scapulae. Since red blood cells are anucleate, they must be continually replaced. The turnover rate is about 3 million RBCs per second. - The liver is a major source of red blood cells early in one's development.
What would be the effect on your body if for some reason your liver was damaged and stop producing albumins? 1.Tissue swelling 2.Slow clotting time 3.Inability to transport iron in the blood 4.Decreased resistance to infection
Tissue swelling - A decrease in the production of albumins would cause osmotic pressure problems. The albumins are major contributors to plasma osmolarity and osmotic pressure. With liver damage, the ability to produce and secrete albumins is impaired. This would lead to a decrease in osmotic pressure and the blood could become hypotonic. This would lead to water loss from the plasma and widespread tissue swelling. - Insufficient albumin production does not lead to a decreased resistance to infection. - Insufficient albumin production does not lead to inability to transport iron in the blood. - Insufficient albumin production does not lead to slow clotting time.
What are the "patrol agents" in the blood that defend the body against toxins and pathogens? 1.Red blood cells and platelets 2.Albumins and globulins 3.Hormones and enzymes 4.White blood cells and antibodies
White blood cells and antibodies - White blood cells and antibodies are the patrol agents in the blood that defend the body against toxins and pathogens. White blood cells, also known as Leukocytes, make up a small percentage of the total circulating blood cells. These cells patrol body tissues for the presence of pathogens and injury as well as for abnormal cells. Antibodies are proteins produced from plasma cells that bind to specific antigens. - Albumins, globulins, hormones, enzymes, RBC's, and platelets are not defenses against toxins and pathogens.
How is it that liver disorders can alter the composition and the functional properties of blood? 1.The liver is the primary source of plasma proteins 2.The proteins are synthesized by the liver are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys 3.The liver serves as a filter of plasma proteins and pathogens 4.The liver synthesizes immunoglobulins and protein hormones
the liver is the primary source of plasma proteins - These proteins include albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin makes up most of the protein produced and accounts for 60 % of all plasma protein. In addition, albumin functions as a carrier for many nutrients and also is the major regulator of osmotic pressure in the blood. Globulin proteins include antibodies used in the immune system and transport proteins. Fibrinogen, when activated, produces the major fibrin networks that are formed during clot formation. - The proteins are synthesized by the liver are not filtered out of the body by the kidneys. - The liver synthesizes globulins and albumin. - The liver serves as a filter of pathogens.
How much blood does an adult male normally have? 1.5-6 Liters 2.2-3 liters 3.3-4 liters 4.4-5 liters
5-6 liters - Normally the cardiovascular system of an adult male has 5-6 liters (5.3-6.4 quarts) of whole blood. of course this is an average and there are men who have more or less than this. Adult women on average, generally have 4-5 liters. The quantity of blood is a function of body weight and different hormones produced.
What portion of a persons body weight does the blood represent? 1. 10% 2.7% 3.4% 4.3%
7% - On average women have less blood than men.
Which of the following is not a function of the blood? 1.Defend against pathogens 2.Regulation of pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids 3.All of the listed responses are correct 4.Transportation of gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
All of the listed responses are correct. - Blood is a liquid connective tissue that functions to transport WBC's , which defend the body against pathogens and injury. Blood also regulates the pH concentration, thereby maintaining native configuration of protein in the body. Blood is the major medium for transporting oxygen and nutrients into tissues while transporting carbon dioxide and metabolic waste out of other tissues. Hormones and other chemical signals are also transported through the body by way of the blood stream.
Circulating mature RBC's lack....? 1.ribosomes 2.all of the listed responses are correct 3.nuclei 4.mitochondria
All of the responses are correct - Mature red blood cells do not contain any major organelles, such as nuclei, ribosomes, or mitochondria. Early in their development, immature erythrocytes have nuclei, RNA, and ribosomes because of the synthesis of hemoglobin. However, by the end of their development, RBC's are filled with hemoglobin and lose all other organelles.
Which type of protein is responsible for transporting triglycerides in the blood? 1.Hormone-binding proteins 2.Steroid-binding proteins 3.Apolipoproteins 4.Metalloproteins
Apolipoproteins - Generally triglycerides do not dissolve in the plasma. In order for them to be transported in the watery plasma, they are bound to proteins. The proteins that do this are the apolipoproteins. When bound to lipids, the apolipoproteins become lipoprotiens. - Steroid-binding proteins carry steroids. - Hormone-binding proteins carry hormones -Metalloproteins carry iron.
Which of the following is not a good reason why venipuncture is a common technique for obtaining a blood sample? 1.Veins are easier to locate and access 2.Blood pressure is lower in veins 3.Veins have thinner walls than arteries 4. Blood does not clot as easily coming from veins as it does from arteries
Blood does not clot as easily coming from veins as it does from arteries. - This ^ is a false statement. Venipuncture is the technique of choice for obtaining a blood sample. the reasons for this are that there are superficial veins that are easy to locate, the walls of veins are thinner, and the blood pressure is lover, so the puncture wounds heal easily. this is not tru of arterial puncture, which you would have to do if you were taking a sample for a blood gas measurement.
Which of the following statements about blood is false? 1.Blood defends against toxins and pathogens 2.Blood is used to transport respiratory gases 3.Blood is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.5 4.Blood helps stabilize body temperature
Blood is slightly acidic with a pH of 6.5 - This answer is false^. The pH of blood is strictly regulated and kept between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly basic. this regulation is critical for the proper functioning of protein, which makes up the most of the structural and functional aspects of tissue systems. if there is any significant deviation from this pH range, protein becomes denatured. when enzymes in the bloodstream are denatured, they cease to function. - Blood is used to transport respiratory gases. - Blood helps stabilize body temperature. - Blood defends against toxins and pathogens
What is the primary site of erythropoiesis in an adult? 1.Bone marrow 2.Heart 3.kidney 4.Liver
Bone Marrow - Bone marrow is the primary site of erythropoiesis in an adult. Bone marrow exists inside bones in two forms, yellow and red. The yellow marrow is mainly composed of adipose tissue and becomes more widespread with age. The red marrow is composed of myeloid tissue and contains stem cells for red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The stem cells for red blood cells serve as the origin for erythropoiesis.
Which of the following are not components of plasma? 1.Antibodies 2.Organic wastes 3.Dissolved proteins 4.Elastic fibers
Elastic fibers - Elastic fibers are not components of plasma. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood and takes up about half the total blood volume. Plasma is mostly water, which makes up over 90% of the total plasma volume. The remaining plasma volume is composed of dissolved proteins, antibodies, and organic wastes. - Antibodies are components of plasma. - Dissolved proteins are a large portion of the plasma. - Organic wastes are transported in the plasma.
In addition to water and proteins, what else makes up plasma? 1. Electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes 2.Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets 3.Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen 4. None of the listed responses are correct
Electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes. - Electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes make up the remaining portion of plasma. Electrolytes are ionic compounds that help regulate pH as well as blood osmolality. Nutrients include oxygen, vitamins, and minerals, which are needed to regulate and maintain cell metabolism. Blood is the critical medium in which nutrients are transported into tissues and cells. organic wastes include gases such as carbon dioxide as well as substances such as urea and creatine. - Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are not parts of plasma. - Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen are plasma proteins.
Which component makes up the larges proportion of the formed elements? 1. Thrombocytes 2.Water 3.Erythrocytes . 4.Leucocytes
Erythrocytes - Formed elements are the cells or fragments of cells in the blood. By far, the erythrocytes make up the biggest portion. Ninety-nine percent of the formed elements of blood are erythrocytes. the thrombocytes and leukocytes are each less than one percent of the formed elements. water is not a formed element. it is the solvent in the plasma
Which of the plasma proteins functions in blood clotting? 1.Antibodies 2. Globulins 3. Fibrinogen 4. Albumin
Fibrinogen - Fibrinogen is the plasma protein that functions in blood clotting. Fibrinogen is an inactive form of the protein fibrin, which makes up a fibrous network in a mature blood clot. The active protein, fibrin, will form only after fibrinogen is cut by thrombin during vascular injury. this fibrous network forms during the coagulation phase of clot formation and involve trapping erythrocytes and platelets in the mature clot. Globulins, albumin, and antibodies do not play a role in blood clotting.
Which category of plasma proteins includes antibodies? 1.Globulins 2.Albumin 3.Fibrinogen 4.Hormones
Globulins - Globulins, the second-most-abundant plasma protein, include antibodies. Antibodies are proteins produced by lymphocytes known as plasma cells in response to foreign antigens present in body tissues. These foreign antigens are usually proteins as well. In order for an immune response to be initiated, foreign antigens need to fit precisely with an antibody. once this match occurs, the rest of the immune system is alerted to begin activation. - Albumin, fibrinogen, and hormones do not include antibodies.