Blood - The ABO blood types and Rh system are based on antigen-antibody responses
immune response
Antigens are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an ________________.
cross-reaction
When an antibody meets its specific surface antigen, the RBCs agglutinate (clump) and may also hemolyze (rupture). This reaction is called a ____________.
agglutinogens
Surface antigens are also called: __________
Rh
Blood type is determined by the absence or presence of RBC surface antigens. 3 of which are important: a. A b. B c. __ (or D)
B
Blood type is determined by the absence or presence of RBC surface antigens. 3 of which are important: a. A b. _ c. Rh (or D)
A
Blood type is determined by the absence or presence of RBC surface antigens. 3 of which are important: a. _ b. B c. Rh (or D)
glycolipids
CHECKPOINT What is the function of surface antigens on RBCs? Surface antigens on RBCs are _________* in the plasma membrane; they determine blood type. ___________ are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition
Type O
CHECKPOINT Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with Type O blood? Only _____ blood can be safely transfused into a person whose blood type is O.
agglutinate
CHECKPOINT Why can't a person with Type A blood safely receive blood from a person with Type B blood? If a person with Type A blood receives a transfusion of Type B blood, which contains anti-A antibodies, the red blood cells will clump, or _______, potentially blocking blood flow to various organs and tissues
hemolytic disease of the newborn
CLINICAL NOTE Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn During pregnancy, when fetal and maternal circulatory systems are closely intertwined, the mother's antibodies may cross the placenta, attacking and destroying fetal RBCs. The resulting condition is called _____________ (HDN)
transfusion reactions
Cross-reactions, or ______________, can be prevented by ensuring that the blood types of the donor and the recipient are compatible—that is, that the donor's blood cells and the recipient's plasma will not cross-react.
RhoGam
Given to a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh-negative to keep the baby's blood from interacting with the mother's.
antibodies
In practice, the surface antigens on the donor's cells are more important in determining compatibility than are the _________ in the donor's plasma.
blood type
Your _______ is a classification determined by the presence or absence of specific surface antigens in RBC plasma membranes.
agglutinogens
Your immune system ignores the surface antigens—called ________ —on your own RBCs. However, your plasma contains antibodies, sometimes called agglutinins (a-GLOO-ti-ninz), that will attack the antigens on "foreign" RBCs. When these antibodies attack, the foreign cells agglutinate, or clump together; this process is called agglutination.
agglutinins
Your immune system ignores the surface antigens—called agglutinogens (a-gloo-TIN-6-jenz)—on your own RBCs. However, your plasma contains antibodies, sometimes called _______, that will attack the antigens on "foreign" RBCs. When these antibodies attack, the foreign cells agglutinate, or clump together; this process is called agglutination.
agglutinate
Your immune system ignores the surface antigens—called agglutinogens (a-gloo-TIN-6-jenz)—on your own RBCs. However, your plasma contains antibodies, sometimes called agglutinins (a-GLOO-ti-ninz), that will attack the antigens on "foreign" RBCs. When these antibodies attack, the foreign cells _________, or clump together; this process is called agglutination.
agglutination
Your immune system ignores the surface antigens—called agglutinogens (a-gloo-TIN-6-jenz)—on your own RBCs. However, your plasma contains antibodies, sometimes called agglutinins (a-GLOO-ti-ninz), that will attack the antigens on "foreign" RBCs. When these antibodies attack, the foreign cells agglutinate, or clump together; this process is called _________.
surface antigens
Your plasma membranes contain ____________, substances that your immune system recognizes as "normal." In other words, your immune system ignores these substances rather than attacking them as "foreign."
HDN
_____ is also known as erythroblastosis fetalis
AB Positive
_____ universal recipient.
Type B
______ blood: the plasma contains anti-A antibodies, which attack type A surface antibodies
Type A
______ blood: the plasma contains anti-B antibodies, which attack type B surface antibodies
Type AB
______ blood: the plasma contains neither A or B antibodies.
Type A
______: has surface antigen A
Type B
______: has surface antigen B
Antigens
_______ are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an immune response.
Type O
_______ blood: the plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, which attack type A and B surface antibodies.
O Negative
_______ is considered universal and can donate to ANY blood type.
Type O
_______: has neither the A or B antigen
Type AB
_______: has surface antigen A and B
A Negative
________ can donate to A negative, A positive, AB Negative or AB Positive
B Positive
________ can donate to B positive or AB Positive
O Positive
_________ can be donated to any POSITIVE blood type.
A Positive
_________ can donate to A Positive or AB Positive
AB Positive
_________ can donate to AB Positive.
B Negative
_________ can donate to B negative, B positive AB Negative or AB Positive
AB Negative
__________ can donate to AB Negative or AB Positive
Rh negative
__________ indicates the absence of the Rh surface antigen
Rh positive
__________ indicates the presence of the Rh surface antigen