Bones - Intense
Each of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle, EXCEPT the _____.
femur
The gluteal tuberosity is a bone marking found on the __________.
femur
articulates with the acetabulum and the tibia.
femur
Correctly match the definition and term: long bone
femur of the leg
In a(n) __________, the vertebral column is formed from 33 separate bones.
fetus
The menisci of the knee are made of __________.
fibrocartilage
Match the description to the correct stage of bone repair: activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts creates an overgrown splint around the fracture site.
fibrocartilage callus
During fetal development, intramembranous ossification takes place in _____.
fibrous connective tissue membranes
Before 8 weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of ______.
fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage
Correctly match the definition and term: hollow space in the shaft of a long bone.
medullary cavity
Match the type of cartilaginous feature to the correct description: hyaline cartilage.
most abundant skeletal cartilage
crest
narrow ridge of bone
Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: fissure.
narrow, slitlike opening
constructs the bridge of the nose
nasal bone
The hormone that raises the level of calcium ions in the blood.
parathyroid hormone
When Ca2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal, __________.
parathyroid hormone is released
A joint between skull bones is called a __________.
suture
When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the __________.
talus and calcaneus
contains mastoid sinuses
temporal
external acoustic meatus
temporal
mastoid process
temporal
stylomastoid foramen
temporal bone
Correctly match the definition & disorder: common in those carrying a "large load up front," such as men with "potbellies" and pregnant women.
temporary lordosis
Which of the following is a facial bone?
vomer
part of the nasal septum
vomer
How many regions of the vertebral column are there?
5
How many cervical vertebrae are there in a normal adult?
7
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?
Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage.
Which of the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness?
It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it.
Which of the following is a canal-like passageway?
Meatus
A painful infection of the bone often caused by bacteria.
Osteomyelitis
Match the description to the correct stage in intramembranous ossification: formation of an ossification center in the fibrous membrane
Stage 1
Match the description to the correct stage in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Cartilage cells undergo mitosis
Stage 1
Match the description to the correct stage in longitudinal growth of along bone: Cartilage cells undergo mitosis.
Stage 1
Match the description to the correct stage of endochondral ossification: formation of bone collar around the diaphysis of the hyaline model
Stage 1
Match the description to the correct stage in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Cartilage cells undergo hypertrophy followed by calcification of the matrix.
Stage 2
Match the description to the correct stage of endochondral ossification: calcification of cartilage in the center of the diaphysis.
Stage 2
Match the description to the correct stage of endochondral ossification: calficication of cartilage in the center of the diaphysis.
Stage 2
Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: formation of bone matrix within the fibrous membrane.
Stage 2
Match the description to the correct stage in endochondral ossification: invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation
Stage 3
Match the description to the correct stage in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Dead cartilage cells appear; matrix begins deteriorating.
Stage 3
Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: formation of woven bone and the periosteium.
Stage 3
Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: formation of woven bone and the periosteum.
Stage 3
Match the description to the correct stage in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Ossification occurs on the face of the epiphyseal plate closest to the medullary cavity.
Stage 4
Match the description to the correct stage of endochondral ossification: formation of compact bone plates and red marrow
Stage 4
Match the description to the correct stage of endochrondral ossification: formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues.
Stage 4
Match the description to the correct stage of endochondral ossification: ossification of the epiphysis.
Stage 5
perforating canals that carry interconnected blood vessels to the Haversian canal
Volkmann's canals
Yellow marrow is useful as __________.
a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cells
Match the type of cartilaginous feature to the correct description: fibrocartilage.
able to withstand heavy loads and absorb shock
Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true?
all bone surfaces in the body are covered by the periosteum
growth of bone in thickness
appositional growth
humerus
arm
At the end of secondary ossification, hyaline cartilage can be found _____.
at the epiphyseal plates
The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________.
axial skeleton
dens
axis
Intramembranous ossification __________.
begins with a connective tissue membrane
intercostal
between ribs
Match the description to the correct function of the skeletal system: hematopoiesis
blood cell production
structures contained in the central canal of an osteon
blood vessels
Fossae are ______.
bone depressions
Excess bony material is removed from the external and internal surfaces of the diaphysis.
bone remodeling
The final step in fracture repair is _____.
bone remodeling
Match the description to the correct stage of bone repair: trabeculae invade callus and begin to replace fibrous tissue and cartilage.
bony callus formation
The hormone that may function to decrease the level of calcium in the blood
calcitonin
Bones serve as an important reservoir of _____.
calcium
Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of _____.
calcium and phosphates
Major inorganic component of bone.
calcium phosphate
Match the description to the correct function of the skeletal system: mineral storage.
calcium phosphate repository
Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through _____.
canaliculi
narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes
canaliculi
capitate
carpal bone
the wrist bones
carpals
short bone
carpals of the wrist
sinus
cavity within a bone
transverse processes contain foramina
cervical vertebra
zygomatic bone
cheekbone
cartilage cells
chondrocytes
The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following?
circumferential lamellae
Major organic fiber of bone.
collagen
A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a __________.
comminuted fracture
Correctly match the definition and term: A fracture in which bone fragments break into three or more pieces.
comminuted fracture
The two types of osseous tissue are __________.
compact bone & spongy bone
Correctly match the definition and term: A fracture that has broken ends of the bone protrude through the soft tissues and the skin
compound fracture
A fracture in which the bone is crushed
compression fracture
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the __________.
diaphysis
Correctly match the definition and term: shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
The role of the cranium is to _____.
enclose and protect the brain
Match the description to the correct function of the skeletal system: protection.
encloses brain and other soft organs
The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to __________.
endochondral ossification
replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue
endochondral ossification
thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
longitudinal growth region of the long bone
epiphyseal plate
Expanded portion of the long bone at its ends.
epiphysis
Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggest hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary.
estrogen
The hormone that is used in hormone therapy to reduce osteoporosis in females.
estrogen
Correctly match the term & definition: forms part of the nasal septum & the lateral walls & roof of the nasal cavity.
ethmoid
The crista galli is a projection from which bone?
ethmoid
cribiform plate
ethmoid
superior and middle nasal conchae are part of this bone.
ethmoid
Which of the following is the most deeply situated bone in the skull?
ethmoid bone
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
facet
vertebrochondral
false ribs
Correctly match the following term: greater & lesser trochanter.
femur
bone that has the lateral malleolus.
fibula
A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a _____.
fissure
Thin bone
flat bone
vertebral
floating ribs
occipital bone
forms most of the base of the skull
parietal bone
forms the bulk of the cranial ceiling
Correctly match the following bones: supraorbital foramen
frontal bone
Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: groove
furrow
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.
head
calcaneus
heel bone
Caused by tearing of blood vessels in and around fracture site.
hematoma formation
coxal bone
hip
The only bone of the body that does NOT articulate directly with any other bone is the __________.
hyoid bone
forms part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
inferior nasal concha
Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as __________
interstitial growth
Which of the following is NOT composed of hyaline cartilage?
intervertebral discs
replacement of connective tissue membranes with bony tissue
intramembranous ossification
Bone with a complex shape.
irregular bone
frontal bone
is the most anterior part of the cranium
The female pelvis ________.
is tilted anteriorly (forward) compared to a male pelvis
C7 is referred to as the "vertebra prominens" because __________.
its spinous process is larger than those of the other cervical vertebrae
patella
kneecap
Correctly match the definition & disorder: dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature, or "hunch back"
kyphosis
forms part of the medial orbit wall
lacrimal bone
Cavities in bone where bone cells live.
lacunae
Rings of bone matrix.
lamellae
concentric rings that surround the Haversian canal
lamellae
radius
lateral forearm
tibia and fibula
leg
Match the type of cartilaginous feature to the correct description: elastic cartilage.
located in the external ear and epiglottis
Has a length greater than width. flat bone
long bone
When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, __________.
long bones have reached their adult length
Correctly match the definition & disorder: an accentuated lumbar curvature, or swayback
lordosis
massive kidney-shaped body from a superior view
lumbar vertebra
The vertebrae that have enhanced weight-bearing capability are the ___________.
lumbar vertebrae
Sutures connect all the bones of the skull, EXCEPT the __________.
mandible
The only bone of the facial skeleton that does NOT articulate with the maxillae is the _____.
mandible
forms the chin
mandible
bone that contains the infraorbital foramen.
maxilla
keystone bone of the face
maxillae
ulna
medial forearm
A common injury in the winter is a fall in which someone hits the back of his or her head on the ice. What bone is most likely to be involved in this type of fall?
occipital
Correctly match the term & definition: forms posterior aspects & most of the base of the skull.
occipital
allows the spinal cord to pass to the brain
occipital
Correctly match the following bones: foramen magnum
occipital bone
Appositional growth _____.
occurs when the lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within
Correctly match the term and description: bone-building cell.
osteoblast
Correctly match the definition and term: bone-forming cells
osteoblasts
Correctly match the term and description: bone-destroying cell.
osteoclast
Bone is broken down by __________.
osteoclasts
Correctly match the term and description: mature bone cell
osteocyte
The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.
osteocytes
The lacunae of bone contain __________.
osteocytes
Correctly match the definition and term: Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with this disorder.
osteomalacia
Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with this disorder.
osteomalacia
basic functional unit of compact bone
osteon
A condition that occurs when the bones become weak and thin and tend to fracture easily.
osteoporosis
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is __________
osteoporosis
Correctly match the term and description: bone stem cell
osteoprogenitor cell
Bone-forming cells originate from _____.
osteoprogenitor cells
forms the posterior hard palate
palatine bone
Correctly match the term & definition: forms most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
parietal bone
sesamoid bone
patella of knee
Which of the following is NOT a part of the axial division of the skeletal system?
pectoral girdle
clavicle
pectoral girdle
Match the name of the bone to its location: ilium
pelvic girdle
Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone?
perforating fibers
fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bone.
periosteum
Correctly match the term and description: diaphysis.
primary ossification center
Endochondral ossification
process of long bone development
Collagen fibers do NOT ______.
provide for bone hardness
articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
radius
armlike bar of bone
ramus
substance contained in the spaces of the spongy bone
red bone marrow
Which of the following does NOT correlate with the skull growth spurt that is seen between the ages of 6 and 13?
replacement of the fontanelles with bone
Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton?
ribs
A condition that may cause bow legs in a child.
rickets
If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?
rickets
Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: foramen.
round or oval opening through a bone
condyle
rounded articular projection
glenoid cavity
scapula
Correctly match the term & definition: abnormal lateral spinal curvature that occurs most often in the thoracic region, "twisted disease."
scoliosis
Which of the following spinal deformities is quite common during late childhood in females?
scoliosis
Correctly match the term and description: epiphysis.
secondary ossification center
__________ bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.
sesamoid
Ovoid bone found in a tendon.
sesamoid bone
In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.
sex hormones
fossa
shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
spine
sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Approximately equal in length and width.
short bone
scapula
shoulder blade
Correctly match the definition and term: A fracture in which the bone breaks cleanly and does not penetrate the skin.
simple fracture
Match the description to the correct function of the skeletal system: movement.
site of attachment to skeletal muscles
Correctly match the term and description: epiphyseal plate.
site of length increase in long bones
tubercle
small rounded projection or process
facet
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Correctly match the term & definition: keystone of the cranium.
sphenoid
foramen ovale is part of this bone
sphenoid
foramen spinosum
sphenoid bone
Correctly match the definition and term: location of red bone marrow.
spongy bone
xiphoid process
sternum
flat bone
sternum of breastbone
Choose the MISMATCHED paring. deltoid tuberosity: humerus styloid process: humerus surgical neck: humerus radial tuberosity: radius
styloid process: humerus
Correctly match the definition and term: Elevated levels of a hormone that could cause premature closure of the epiphyseal plates.
testosterone
What would you find located in the lacrimal fossa?
the lacrimal sac
Which of the following sutures is most likely to contain sutural bones?
the lambdoid suture
Where would a dentist inject lidocaine to prevent pain in the lower teeth?
the mandibular foramen
The structural unit of compact bone is __________.
the osteon or Haversian system
Which of the following bones would most likely be involved in surgery to remove a tumor on the pituitary gland?
the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Which of the following sites is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult?
the sternum
long, sharp spinous process that projects inferiorly.
thoracic vertebra
A hormone that modulates the activity of growth hormone, ensuring proper bone formation.
thyroid hormone
At its distal end, the femur articulates with the _____.
tibia
Correctly match the term & definition: medial and lateral condyles.
tibia
bone with the bony crest that forms the shin
tibia
tiny plates or needle-like processes of bone material found in spongy bone
trabeculae
Spongy bone contains all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
true osteons
vertebrosternal
true ribs
large, rough, rounded projections
tuberosity
The olecranon process would be found on the __________.
ulna
olecranon process
ulna
irregular bone
vertebrae of spinal column and hip bones
trochanter
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones, EXCEPT __________.
vitamin D
Rickets can be caused by a deficiency of _____.
vitamin D
Which bone does NOT form a part of the orbits of the eyes?
vomer
Mary fractured her pisiform bone in a fall. What part of her body was injured?
wrist
scaphoid
wrist
Which of the following is classified as a short bone? wrist bone vertebra finger bone sternum
wrist bone
the substance usually found in the medullary cavity of bones in an adult
yellow bone marrow
The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in __________.
yellow marrow
forms the cheek and part of the orbit
zygomatic bone
