Botany quiz Ch 8

Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg, forming a single-celled ______________.

zygote

Scarification involves nicking or slightly cracking protective seed coats to break seed dormancy. This can occur in nature by the mechanical abrasion of rock particles in the soil, alternate thawing and freezing, or in some cases, bacterial action. Select one: True False

True

Imbibition of _______________ by the seed is critical to initiating seed germination, primarily by reactivating the seed's metabolism. Many seeds imbibe ten times or more their total weight before the radicle emerges.

water

Which is not part of an Angiosperm seed? Select one: a. ovary b. cotyledon c. embryo d. seed coat e. endosperm

a. ovary

Seeds are __________, while fruits are__________. Select one: a. mature stigmas, mature ovaries b. mature ovules, mature ovaries c. mature ovaries, mature ovules d. mature pistils, mature stamens

b. mature ovules, mature ovaries

The various flower parts are attached to the __________. Select one: a. style b. receptacle c. peduncle d. filament e. calyx

b. receptacle

The calyx is composed of __________. Select one: a. petals b. sepals c. stigmas d. ovules e. anthers

b. sepals

Theoretically, a plant should still be able to reproduce sexually even though its __________ have been removed. Select one: a. stamens b. sepals c. anthers d. carpels e. pistils

b. sepals

Which of the following is false? Select one: a. Bracts (also detailed in the Leaves chapter) are commonly known as floral leaves and may function as petals in attracting pollinators. b. Ovules are attached to the wall of the ovary's cavity by means of a short stalk called the funiculus. c. Post fertilization, the ovule becomes the seed coat, the integument covering the ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the embryo. d. Pollination in an Angiosperm is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma. This can occur between different flowers or within the same flower. e. Pollination in a Gymnosperm is the transfer of pollen from a male cone to a female cone. f. Petals are collectively called the corolla, while the sepals are collectively called the calyx. g. Monoecious refers to a plant with unisexual flowers (separate male and female flowers) present on the same plant, while dioecious refers to a plant with unisexual flowers where the male flowers are present on a different plant from the plant with female flowers. h. A flower with both male and female floral series (bisexual) is termed perfect, while that with with either male or female (unisexual) flowers is termed imperfect. i. A complete flower has all four floral series, while an incomplete flower is lacking one or more of any of the floral series.

c. Post fertilization, the ovule becomes the seed coat, the integument covering the ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the embryo.

The name for the complete female part of a flower is the __________. Select one: a. ovary b. ovule c. gynoecium d. perianth e. egg f. androecium g. stamen h. stigma

c. gynoecium

A bisexual flower is__________. Select one: a. lacking a pistil b. imperfect c. perfect d. monoecious e. dioecious

c. perfect

A type of evolution in which two species become increasingly adapted to each other is called ___________________. This leads to important pollination syndromes that significantly increase pollination efficiency of flowers.

coevolution

A tubular sheathing structure in corn and other grasses that protects the delicate tissues of the emerging seedling after germination is called the _____________________.

coleoptile

What is the name of the embryonic leaf?

cotyledon

The complete male series of a flower is called the _____. Select one: a. carpel b. stigma c. pistil d. androecium e. gynoceium f. filament g. anther

d. androecium

Sepals and petals are collectively referred to as the __________. Select one: a. androecium b. gynoecium c. calyx d. perianth e. corolla

d. perianth

Which of the following is false about seed dispersal? Select one: a. Abiotic seed dispersal agents include wind and water. b. Color and scent are used by fruits to attract biotic seed dispersal agents. c. Animals may disperse seeds when the fruits attach to their fur. d. Animals may disperse seeds when the animal eats the fruit. e. Some fruits contain laxatives that decrease the speed of their passage through the animal's digestive tract. f. Seeds carried by the wind are usually aerodynamic, and therefore may be winged, plumed, or comose. Some are too heavy to be airborne but instead are spherical and roll along the ground (such as a tumbleweed).

e. Some fruits contain laxatives that decrease the speed of their passage through the animal's digestive tract.

Which would be true of wind pollinated flowers? Select one: a. They lack color and odor b. They lack nectar c. They often lack petals d. a and b are true e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

A cluster of flowers occuring as a discrete group is known as a(n) __________. Select one: a. bulbil b. androecium c. gynoecium d. perianth e. inflorescence

e. inflorescence

What is the outermost layer of the fruit pericarp?

exocarp

In peanuts, the fruits (which are not nuts but rather legumes) are produced underground. The flowers form aboveground and are self-pollinated. The branch with a fertilized ovary, or "peg," grows downward into the soil, where it matures into the peanut. This reproductive strategy may have evolved to protect the fruit from ______________.

herbivory

Flowers with only female parts and no male parts are imperfect and are called specifically ______________ flowers.

pistillate

Staggering maturation times of a flower's stamen and style (so both are not mature simultaneously) is a mechanism to prevent self-____________________. This stageering can be either protandry or protogyny.

pollination

What is the name of the embryonic root in a seed?

radicle

Post fertilization when a seed forms, the integument surrounding the ovule develops into the ______________.

seed coat