Brain and Cranial Nerves
75) Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A) secrete cerebrospinal fluid B) secrete melatonin C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum D) store memories E) regulate food intake
C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum
4) Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) midbrain E) pons
C) prosencephalon
79) Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem? A) an intense thirst B) an uncontrolled sex drive C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature D) an insatiable appetite E) production of a large volume of urine
C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature
61) The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) superior and inferior colliculi. D) cerebral peduncles. E) basal ganglia.
C) superior and inferior colliculi.
98) The auditory cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
C) temporal lobe.
85) Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? A) the prefrontal lobe B) the general interpretive area C) the limbic system D) the thalamus E) the putamen
C) the limbic system
64) Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with A) control of autonomic function. B) regulation of body temperature. C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. D) conscious control of skeletal muscles. E) control of breathing.
C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
1) The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue. A) 15 percent B) 25 percent C) 68 percent D) 97 percent E) 35 percent
D) 97 percent
33) Which statement is true regarding cerebrospinal fluid? A) CSF is identical in composition to blood plasma. B) CSF is made during fetal development and does not change through the lifetime of the person. C) There is about a liter of CSF within the brain and spinal cord. D) If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus. E) CSF moves back into the blood supply by the process of osmosis
D) If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus.
104) The general interpretive area A) is the speech center of the brain. B) is responsible for predicting future consequences. C) is the site of long-term memory storage. D) allows us to interpret what is read or heard. E) may be damaged by even a small stroke
D) allows us to interpret what is read or heard.
55) The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellar cortex. E) arbor vitae.
D) cerebellar cortex.
94) The corpus callosum is composed of A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.
D) commissural fibers.
76) The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it A) controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. B) determines what can enter the brain from the blood. C) controls reflexes. D) determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. E) passes motor information on to the cerebellum
D) determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.
5) Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum
D) diencephalon
19) The dural sinuses are located in the A) paranasal cavity. B) arachnoid. C) pia mater. D) dural folds. E) tentorium cerebelli
D) dural folds.
17) The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the A) first. B) second. C) third. D) fourth. E) lateral.
D) fourth.
83) The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) mamillary bodies D) hippocampus E) fornix
D) hippocampus
80) Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? A) prefrontal cortex B) postcentral gyrus C) basal nuclei D) hypothalamus E) reticular formation
D) hypothalamus
96) Commissural fibers A) carry pain information to the correct brain structure. B) are divided by the longitudinal fissure. C) link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon. D) interconnect areas of cerebral cortex. E) cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere
D) interconnect areas of cerebral cortex.
21) The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the A) external carotid arteries. B) facial arteries. C) jugular veins. D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries. E) dural sinuses
D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
46) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) heart.
D) medulla oblongata.
9) The cerebellum and pons develop from the A) telencephalon. B) diencephalon. C) mesencephalon. D) metencephalon. E) myelencephalon
D) metencephalon.
97) The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
D) occipital lobe.
32) Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A) provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues B) provides buoyant support for the brain C) acts as a transport medium for nutrients D) provides ATP for impulse transmission E) acts as a transport medium for waste products
D) provides ATP for impulse transmission
29) What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? A) subdural space B) dural sinus C) falx cerebri D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater
D) subarachnoid space
65) Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the A) nucleus gracilis. B) nucleus cuneatus. C) motor cortex. D) substantia nigra. E) red nucleus.
D) substantia nigra.
10) Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum
D) thalamus.
53) The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.
D) vermis.
107) Integrative centers of the brain A) receive information from many sensory association areas. B) can impact higher intellectual functions. C) direct motor activities. D) include the Wernicke's area. E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
22) Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier? A) The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. B) It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. C) Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. D) It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
28) Which of the following help to protect the brain? A) the blood-brain barrier B) the bones of the skull C) the cranial meninges D) the CSF E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
30) Ependymal cells work to A) surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus. B) secrete CSF into the ventricles. C) remove waste products from CSF. D) adjust the composition of CSF. E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
67) Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? A) controls reflex eating movements B) processes olfactory information C) located in posterior hypothalamus D) shaped like little breasts E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
69) Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? A) produces ADH B) controls autonomic centers C) regulates body temperature D) secretes oxytocin E) All of the answers are correct
E) All of the answers are correct
31) A brain hemorrhage is life-threatening because A) neurological changes will occur. B) some areas of the brain will not be receiving blood. C) the person can lose consciousness. D) the pressure increase within the space can distort and potentially damage brain tissue. E) All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages
E) All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages
25) Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? A) Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas. B) There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. C) The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. D) There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges. E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord. E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the spinal cord.
E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the spinal cord.
36) Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from A) deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid. B) excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid. C) blockage of circulation of CSF. D) excessive water intake. E) blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.
E) blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.
47) The medulla oblongata regulates A) somatic motor contractions. B) food intake. C) auditory reflexes. D) vision and hearing E) blood pressure and respiration
E) blood pressure and respiration
84) A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the A) amygdaloid body. B) cingulate gyrus. C) mamillary bodies. D) hippocampus. E) fornix.
E) fornix.
13) The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata C) cerebrum D) pons E) hypothalamus
E) hypothalamus
58) The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi
E) inferior colliculi
63) The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this? A) substantia nigra B) red nuclei C) tectum D) superior colliculi E) inferior colliculi
E) inferior colliculi
91) The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
E) insula.
103) After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the A) prefrontal cortex. B) postcentral gyrus. C) cerebral nuclei. D) limbic system. E) occipital lobe.
E) occipital lobe.
90) The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) parietal and frontal lobes
E) parietal and frontal lobes
86) Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of A) Parkinson's disease. B) rabies. C) Alzheimer's disease. D) myasthenia gravis. E) tetanus.
A) Parkinson's disease.
71) The anterior nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) secrete pituitary hormones. C) secrete melatonin. D) receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve. E) secrete pituitary hormones and melatonin.
A) are part of the limbic system.
56) The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as A) ataxia. B) aphasia. C) dysphagia. D) Parkinson's. E) epilepsy.
A) ataxia.
51) If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) breathing B) control of blood pressure C) coordination D) sleep patterns E) judgment
A) breathing
109) The highest levels of information processing occur in the A) cerebrum. B) diencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) corpus callosum.
A) cerebrum.
11) A neural cortex is found on the surface of the A) cerebrum. B) pons. C) thalamus. D) midbrain.
A) cerebrum.
6) The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) brain stem. D) mesencephalon. E) myelencephalon
A) hypothalamus.
57) Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in A) increased consciousness. B) sleep. C) coma. D) decreased cerebral function. E) coughing.
A) increased consciousness.
24) Cerebrospinal fluid A) is secreted by ependymal cells. B) is formed by a passive process. C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. D) has almost the same composition as blood plasma. E) contains blood cells and blood plasma
A) is secreted by ependymal cells.
68) The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because A) it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it. B) it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body. C) it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones. D) its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs. E) None of the answers is correct.
A) it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it
2) Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains. A) larger B) smaller C) the same size D) very smooth E) more convoluted
A) larger
87) The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) transverse fissure. D) parieto-occipital sulcus. E) postcentral sulcus
A) longitudinal fissure.
8) Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum
A) medulla oblongata.
59) The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the A) midbrain. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) 4th ventricle. D) basal ganglion. E) cerebellum
A) midbrain.
12) As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become A) more complex. B) simpler. C) better understood. D) more crucial to visceral functions. E) critical to reflexes
A) more complex.
89) The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
A) parietal lobe.
20) What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid C) dura mater D) cranial plexus E) choroid plexus
A) pia mater
35) The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the A) pia mater. B) dura mater. C) arachnoid membrane. D) neural cortex. E) subarachnoid mater
A) pia mater.
100) The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the A) prefrontal cerebral cortex. B) occipital association cortex. C) reticular formation. D) temporal lobe. E) cerebral ganglia
A) prefrontal cerebral cortex.
95) The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. A) primary sensory B) primary motor C) visual D) olfactory E) auditory
A) primary sensory
3) During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) mesencephalon D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon
A) telencephalon
105) Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to A) the prefrontal cortex. B) the general interpretive area. C) Broca's area. D) Wernicke's area. E) the temporal lobe.
A) the prefrontal cortex.
4) The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the A) falx cerebri. B) septum pellucidum. C) septum insula. D) interventricular foramina. E) cerebral aqueduct
B) septum pellucidum.
54) The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.
B) arbor vitae.
34) The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillary endothelial cells are the A) blastocytes. B) astrocytes. C) monocytes. D) leukocytes. E) lymphocytes.
B) astrocytes.
106) Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the A) anterior commissures. B) basal nuclei. C) motor association areas. D) visual cortex. E) auditory cortex.
B) basal nuclei.
26) The choroid plexus is composed of A) lymphatic vessels. B) blood vessels. C) nerve fibers. D) ganglia. E) subarachnoid granulations
B) blood vessels.
72) The medial nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe. C) produce the hormone oxytocin. D) process visual information. E) process olfactory information
B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe.
66) The pineal gland is part of the A) hypothalamus. B) diencephalon. C) midbrain. D) mesencephalon. E) 3rd ventricle
B) diencephalon.
18) Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. A) epididymal B) ependymal C) appended D) astrocytes E) blood
B) ependymal
15) The most obvious feature that one notices about the cerebrum is the A) smoothness of the surface of the cortex. B) extensiveness of the gyri and sulci. C) small size of it compared to other brain areas. D) transverse fissure running through it. E) color of the cerebrum compared to the other brain areas
B) extensiveness of the gyri and sulci.
23) The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the A) dural sinus. B) falx cerebri. C) tentorium cerebelli. D) falx cerebelli. E) choroid plexus
B) falx cerebri.
70) Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? A) contains the mammillary body B) forms the roof of the diencephalon C) processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum D) forms the cerebrum E) creates the lateral ventricles
B) forms the roof of the diencephalon
82) Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A) contains cerebral and diencephalic components B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D) links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem E) functions in emotions, learning, and memory
B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
73) The posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the A) basal nuclei. B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei. C) mamillary body. D) interthalamic adhesion. E) All of the answers are correct
B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei.
74) The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the A) pulvinar. B) lateral geniculates. C) medial geniculates. D) supraoptic nuclei. E) paraventricular nuclei
B) lateral geniculates.
102) After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. A) right frontal B) left frontal C) right temporal D) left temporal E) occipital
B) left frontal
7) The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.
B) pons.
92) The primary motor cortex is the surface of the A) insula. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) arcuate gyrus. E) corpus callosum.
B) precentral gyrus.
62) The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the A) four cerebral lobes. B) superior and inferior colliculi. C) first four cranial nerves. D) the 4th cranial nerve. E) two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles.
B) superior and inferior colliculi.
78) The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medulla oblongata E) cerebellum
B) thalamus
49) Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because A) electrical activity originates within the medulla. B) the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there. C) the blood might not be able to circulated properly around the brain. D) control of body temperature and thermoregulation are its functions. E) digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.
B) the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.
27) Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the A) jugular veins. B) dural drain. C) arachnoid granulations. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) frontal sinus
C) arachnoid granulations.
99) Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. A) commissural B) sensory C) association D) somesthetic E) processing
C) association
52) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) mesencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata.
C) cerebellum.
16) The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the A) central canal. B) tentorium cerebelli. C) cerebral aqueduct. D) interventricular foramina. E) pontine canal.
C) cerebral aqueduct.
60) Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the A) tegmenta. B) corpora quadrigemina. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi
C) cerebral peduncles.
77) The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus A) regulate lactation. B) secrete oxytocin. C) control feeding reflexes. D) control heart rate and blood pressure. E) secrete antidiuretic hormone
C) control feeding reflexes.
81) Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system? A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) globus pallidus D) hippocampus E) fornix
C) globus pallidus
101) Parkinson's disease is the result of A) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. B) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. C) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. D) hyperactivity of the limbic system. E) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon
C) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.
93) The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________. A) insula; parietal lobe B) frontal lobe; temporal lobe C) insula; frontal lobe D) precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex. E) corpus callosum; fornix
C) insula; frontal lobe
88) Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri.
C) lobes.
48) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) pons. B) cerebrum. C) medulla oblongata. D) cerebellum. E) midbrain.
C) medulla oblongata.
108) Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? A) Broca's area B) Brodmann area C) prefrontal cortex D) Wernicke's area E) general interpretive area
C) prefrontal cortex
50) Jane, a 79-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the brain. She has lost some sensory and motor functions associated with the face, like control of facial muscles for emotion and various sensory functions like taste. In addition, she has some hearing loss and balance problems. The location of the tumor is likely to be the A) cerebellum. B) cerebrum. C) medulla. D) thalamus. E) pons.
E) pons.
