BRM Science 6 Digestion

What two things occur in the small intestine?

Chemical digestion and Absorption

What is the process by which food is broken down into subtances that can be used by the cells of the body?

Digestion

What are the three jobs of the DIgestive System?

Digestion, Absorption of Nutrients and Elimination: DANE

Food is chemically digested in the mouth by what two things?

Enzymes and saliva

What are villi?

Finger-like structures that cover the small intestine and absorb nutrients

In what part of the body do involuntary muscle actions push food down into the stomach?

In the esophagus

Where is bile stored?

In the gall bladder

Where is water absorbed into the bloodstream?

In the large intestine

Where is bile produced?

In the liver

What action pushes food down into the stomach?

Involuntary muscle

How is bile used to digest food?

It breaks up fat particles.

What is the epiglottis?

It covers your windpipe so you don't choke on your food.

What does water do for our bodies?

It helps the digestive process

Water is absorbed into the bloodstream in the large intestine. What happens to the remaining material?

It is eliminated as waste

What happens to chyme in the small intestine?

It is further chemically broken down into nutrients and then the nutrients are absorbed into the villi

What function does pepsin perform?

It's the enzyme that breaks down protein

What shape is the stomach?

J-shaped

What is different about chemical and mechanical digestion?

Mechanical is the physical breakdown of food and Chemical breaks down food from small pieces into usable nutrients.

How is food digested in the mouth?

Mechanically and chemically

In what two ways is food digested in the stomach?

Mechanically and chemically

Which of these three organs does food enter: gall bladder, pancreas, liver?

None of them

What is the enzyme that breaks down protein?

Pepsin

In the stomach, food is chemically digested with what two substances?

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid

What do you call the movement of food down the esophagus using involuntary muscles?

Peristalsis

What do you call the finger-like structures in the small intestine?

Villi

What happens to the undigested material as it passes through the large intestine?

Water is absorbed into the bloodstream; bacteria feed off undigested waste, vitamin K is produced. waste is removed.

What is an example of a mineral and how does it help our bodies?

Zinc and Iron from fish, poultry and nuts help our bodies to grow strong muscles

What lines and protects the stomach wall?

a layer of mucus

What is chyme?

a semifluid mass of partially digested food that is expelled by the stomach to the small intestine

How long does food remain in the stomach?

about six hours

What does the liver produce?

bile

What is one type of digestive liquid that is added in the small intestine?

bile

What carries nutrients from the villi to the cells of the body?

blood

What do vitamins and minerals do for our bodies?

boost the immune system, support normal growth and development and help cells to do their jobs

What does bile do?

breaks down fats in foods

What is a source of vitamins such as K and D?

broccoli and milk

Which of the six sources of nutrients are missing?fats, minerals, vitamins,

carbohydrates, proteins and water

What does mechanical digestion prepare the food for?

chemical digestion

What kind of digestion chemically changes food into simpler substances?

chemical digestion

What's an example of a protein and how does your body use it?

egg whites & beans repair and re-grow muscle tissue

What does saliva contain that speeds up chemical reactions and breaks down large starch molecules into smaller molecules of sugar?

enzymes

What does the pancreas produce?

enzymes

What do you call the solid waste that remains after water and salts are removed from the waste material?

feces

What is the end product of digestion?

feces

What is a source of minerals such as zinc and iron?

fish, poultry (chicken), nuts

What are the digestive liquids in the stomach that chemically break down protein?

gastric juices

Where are water and salts taken out of the waste material?

in the large intestine

Where in the process does no more digestion occur?

in the large intestine

Where is bile produced?

in the liver

Where are feces, the end product of digestion, stored?

in the rectum

Where do the final steps of digestion take place?

in the small intestine

Where does 90% of digestion take place?

in the small intestine

Where is food (chyme) further broken down into nutrients that can be absorbed into the villi?

in the small intestine

What digestive juice is made in the walls of the small intestine and helps to chemically break down the food?

intestinal juice

WHere do materials go that are not digested?

into the large intestine

Where do enzymes go?

into the small intestine to help with chemical digestion

What purpose does the appendix have?

it has no known purpose but can sometimes become infected and have to be removed

What happens during the six hours food is in the stomach?

it is mixed with digestive liquids that chemically break down protein

How does the gall bladder help the liver?

it stores bile which is used to break up fat particles

What kind of digestion is it when the food is broken into smaller pieces?

mechanical

Which of the six sources of nutrients are missing? proteins, fats, carbohydrates

minerals, water and vitamins

Where does chemical digestion take place (3 places).

mouth, stomach, small intestine

What is another digestive juice added in the small intestine?

pancreatic juice which is produced in the pancreas

What do you call the contraction and relaxation of the esophagus that moves food through the rest of the digestive tract?

peristalsis

Food moves from the mouth, through the esophagus, into the stomach, past the ring, into the small intestine, past the appendix, into the large intestine and is finally stored in the what?

rectum

When food is chemically digested in the mouth, what substance breaks down the food?

saliva (enzymes)

What is an example of a good fat and how does the body use it?

salmon/tuna helps the nervous system

About how many seconds does it take food to travel from the mouth to the stomach?

six

Food travels from the mouth, through the esophagus, into the stomach, past the ring of muscle and into the what?

small intestine

When food is mechanically digested in the stomach, how does it get broken into small pieces?

smooth muscle actions churn food around

What do enzymes do?

speeds up chemical reactions and breaks down large starch molecules into smaller molecules of sugar

Food travels from the mouth, through the esophagus to the what?

stomach

When food is chemically digested in the stomach, what breaks down the food?

stomach acid/pepsin

When food in mechanically digested in the mouth, what breaks down the food?

teeth

What does the liver produce?

Bile

What does bile do?

Breaks up fat

In the stomach, how is food mechanically digested?

By muscle actions

What takes place in the mouth, stomach and small intestine?

90% of chemical digestion

What is a healthy source of carbohydrates?

whole wheat bread and whole wheat pasta

What is an example of a carbohydrates and how does the body use them?

whole wheat pastas and sweet potatoes are a source of energy

What three things do the enzymes from the pancreas help break down in the small intestine?

Starches, proteins and fats

What covers your windpipe so you don't choke on your food?

The epiglottis

What does the pancreas add enzymes to?

The small intestine

Food is mechanically digested in the mouth by what?

The teeth

What is the job of villi?

They absorb nutrients

What is the same about chemical and mechanical digestion?

They both breakdown food in the body.

What do the enzymes that the pancreas adds to the small intestine do?

They help break down starches, proteins and fats.

What do you call the little pouch located where the small intestine joins the large intestine?

the appendix

After food is swallowed, it passes into a muscular tube called the what?

the esophagus

What tube connects the mouth to the stomach?

the esophagus

What do you call the storage sac that holds the bile produced by the liver?

the gall bladder

What stores bile?

the gall bladder

Which intestinal tube is wider and shorter than the other?

the large

Food moves from the mouth, through the esphagus, into the stomach, past the ring, into the small intestine and then into what?

the large intestine

What is peristalsis?

the pulsing motion that keeps food running through the digestive system

As chewing takes place, a secretion from what softens and lubricates the food?

the salivary glands

There is a ring of muscle at the end of the stomach that controls the flow of food into what organ?

the small intestine

Where can you find villi?

they line the inner wall of the small intestine

How many layers of muscles in the stomach wall are responsible for the churning action that breaks food into smaller pieces?

three

What is the function of villi?

to absorb nutrient molecules into the bloodstream

What is a healthy source of fat?

tuna and salmon

Nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream through what?

villi

What is an example of a vitamin and how does our body use it?

vitamin K found in green leafy vegetables helps blood to clot and vitamin D found in milk makes your bones strong

What is the most important of the six nutrients?

water