bsc1005 climate change module 2

Which best describes the principles of the global carbon cycle?

Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources.

Select the statements that, together, describe the principles of the global carbon cycle.

Carbon sinks exist in reservoirs, like oceans, fossil fuel stores, and the atmosphere. Carbon is released from sources like living organisms as they break down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. Plants and other autotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere when they produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis.

Select all of the following that identify the relationship between photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the carbon cycle.

Cellular respiration is one of the natural processes that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis is one of the natural processes that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle.

outputs for photosynthesis

also called products oxygen carbohydrates (sugar)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two natural processes that are part of the carbon cycle. These two processes are related in part because the inputs for __, carbohydrates and oxygen, are the outputs of __.

cellular respiration photosynthesis

carbon sources

cellular respiration in living organisms

The wavelengths of light that are most important to the process of photosynthesis are

in the visible spectrum.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the carbon cycle?

During the carbon cycle, carbon is released into the atmosphere by living organisms through cellular respiration and removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis.

What does ATP do in a cell?

It is the energy carrier of a cell.

Which statement best summarizes the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

Photosynthesis is one of the natural processes that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle.

Select all of the information you would use to summarize the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle.

Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to make carbohydrates. Photosynthesis is a natural process performed by autotrophs, including plants.

The United States meets more than ___________ percent of its energy needs using fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas.

80

inputs for photosynthesis

also called reactants Solar energy Water Carbon dioxide

During photosynthesis, NADPH and _______________ are used for their energy and then recycled.

atp

Which of these molecules serves as an energy carrier for a cell?

atp

the wavelengths of light that are most important for the process of photosynthesis are

between 380 and 740 nanometers, in the visible spectrum.

Carbon's chemical structure allows it to form four chemical ______________ with other atoms.

bonds

Living organisms add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere when they

break down carbohydrates during cellular respiration.

The process of photosynthesis can be summarized as a series of reactions during which a plant (or other photosynthetic organism)

captures water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen.

Which chemical reaction written in words is a summary of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → carbohydrate + oxygen

The impact of releasing stored ______ from the burning of fossil fuels is an increase in ______.

carbon; atmospheric carbon

Select the pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis.

carotenoids chlorophyll a chlorophyll b

There are three pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis: two forms of chlorophyll as well as

carotenoids.

Carbon is able to form four chemical bonds because of its

chemical structure

Which of these organelles is most closely associated with the process of photosynthesis?

chloroplasts

Select the fossil fuels.

coal oil

In the United States, more than 80% of our energy needs are met using

fossil fuels

During the carbon cycle, carbon naturally cycles between non-living geologic and atmospheric reservoirs, called sinks, and ______.

living organisms

Which of these organelles is most closely associated with the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

carbon sinks

oceans, underground fossil fuel stores the atmosphere

Burning fossil fuels is ______ to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations related to climate change and global warming.

one of the biggest contributors

The burning of fossil fuels releases CO2 faster than it can be assimilated, making it

one of the biggest contributors to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

During the carbon cycle, some natural processes add and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of ______________ and all living organisms release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during cellular _______________

photosynthesis Respiration

During the carbon cycle, carbon naturally cycles between non-living geologic and atmospheric __ and living organisms.

reservoirs

Select the inputs (reactants) for the process of photosynthesis.

solar energy water carbon dioxide

A carbon sink is a reservoir for carbon, while living organisms are considered a carbon _____________ because they release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.

source

Plants remove carbon from the atmosphere when they

take up carbon dioxide and use it to synthesize carbohydrates during photosynthesis.

A fossil fuel is an energy source made from

the remains of organisms from long ago

The use of fossil fuels as an energy source by humans

upsets the natural balance of the carbon cycle.

When humans burn fossil fuels for energy, what is the effect on the carbon cycle, and thus, the atmosphere?

The balance of the cycle is disturbed as carbon dioxide is released; atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are elevated.

Which best describes the role of fossil fuels in the carbon cycle?

The formation of fossil fuels stores carbon underground (adding to reservoirs) and burning them releases that carbon back into the atmosphere (a source of carbon).

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

The inputs for photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water) are the outputs of cellular respiration, while the outputs of photosynthesis (carbohydrates and oxygen) are the inputs for cellular respiration.

Select all of the carbon sinks.

Underground fossil fuels The atmosphere The planet's oceans