BUAD 304: Chapter 8

Teams that work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals

virtual teams

Teams that have a well-defined and common purpose, are more or less permanent, and require complete commitment of their members.

work teams

Five teamwork competencies: 1. Contributes to the team's _______ 2. Constructively ____________ with team members 3. Keeps team on ________ 4. Expects ______-________ work 5. Possesses relevant ____________, skills, and abilities for team's responsibilities

work, interacts, track, high-quality, knowledge

Five types of teams:

work, project, cross-functional, virtual, self-managed

Three Cs of effective teams

charters and strategies, composition, capacity

The act of sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome

collaboration

Maintenance role: records and comments on group processes/dynamics

commentator

Three C's of team players

committed, collaborative, competent

Maintenance role: fosters group solidarity by accepting and praising various points of view

encourager

Task role: prods group to move along or to accomplish more

energizer

Task role: tests group's accomplishments with various criteria such as logic and practicality

evaluator

Maintenance role: serves as a passive audience

follower

Assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish specific goals

formal group

Stage where group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, people in charge, and the group's goals. Mutual trust is low, and there is a good deal of holding back to see who takes charge and how. How do I fit in? Why are we here?

forming

Maintenance role: encourages all group members to participate

gatekeeper

A set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole

group role

Maintenance role: mediates conflict through reconciliation or humor

harmonizer

Foster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships keep the group together

maintenance roles

An attitude, opinion, feeling, or action - shared by two or more people - that guides behavior

norm

Task role: clarifies pertinent values

opinion seeker/giver

What two basic functions do formal groups fulfill?

organizational and individual

Task role: keeps group headed toward its state goals

orienter

Task role: performs routine duties (handing out materials or rearranging seats)

procedural technician

Groups establish periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives. The group then establishes and maintains new norms of functioning, returning to equilibrium.

punctuated equilibrium

A set of expected behaviors for a particular position

role

Teams that are groups of workers who have administrative oversight over their work domains

self-managed teams

The tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases

social loafing

What are the two types of roles?

task and maintenance

The degree to which team members depend on each other for information, materials, and other resources to complete their job tasks

task interdependence

Enable the work group to define, clarify, and pursue a common purpose keep the group on track

task roles

A small number of people who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves collectively accountable

team

The ability to make needed changes in response to demands put on the team

team adaptive capacity

The willingness to be vulnerable to another person, and the belief that the other person will consider the impact of how his or her intentions and behaviors will affect you

trust

Four criteria of a group 1. _____ or more freely interacting individuals who 2. _______ ________ and 3. __________ and 4. Have a ___________ _________

two, share norms, goals, common identity

Teams that are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.

cross-functional teams

Task role: clarifies key issues

information seeker/giver

What are the five stages of Tuckman's five-stage model of group development?

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Task role: suggests new goals or ideas

initiator

The extent to which members are dependent on each other to accomplish their work

interdependence

Reina seven-step model for rebuilding trust: 1. Acknowledge what caused the trust to be ____________ 2. Allow feelings and emotions to be ____________, constructively 3. Get and give __________ to others in the process 4. _____________ the experience from being a victim to taking a look at options and choices 5. Take _________________. Ask, what did I do or not do that caused this to happen? 6. _____________ yourself and others 7. ____ ___ and move on

compromised, discussed, support, reframe, responsibility, forgive, let go

Maintenance role: helps resolve conflict by meeting others halfway

compromiser

What are the seven maintenance roles? CCHEFSG

compromiser, commentator, harmonizer, encourager, follower, standard setter, gatekeeper

Three forms of trust

contractual, communication, competence

Characteristics of a ________________ function that formal groups fulfill: ★Satisfy the individual's need for affiliation ★Develop, enhance, and confirm the individual's self-esteem and sense of identity ★Give individuals an opportunity to test and share their perceptions of social reality ★Reduce the individual's anxieties and feelings of insecurity and powerlessness ★Provide a problem-solving mechanism for personal and interpersonal problems

individual

Exists when the members' overriding purpose in getting together is friendship or a common interest

informal group

Stage when the group's work is done; it is time to move on to other things. The return to independence can be eased by rituals such as parties and award ceremonies celebrating the end and new beginnings. During this stage, leaders need to emphasize valuable lessons learned. What's next? Can we help members transition out?

adjourning

Task role: pulls together ideas and suggestions

coordinator

A group becomes a team when... ★_____________ becomes a shared activity ★_____________ shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective ★The group develops its own ___________ or mission ★_____________ ______________ becomes a way of life, not a part-time activity ★________________ is measured by the group's collective outcomes and products

leadership, accountability, purpose, problem solving, effectiveness

The degree to which the outcomes of task work are measured, rewarded, and communicated at the group level so as to emphasize collective outputs rather than individual contributions

outcome interdependence

What are the ten task roles? COOPIIEEER

coordinator, opinion seeker/giver, orienter, procedural technician, initiator, information seeker/giver, elaborator, evaluator, energizer, recorder

Task role: promotes greater understanding through examples or exploration of implications

elaborator

Attributes of high-performance teams: 1. Shared _____________ - interdependence created by empowering, freeing up, and serving others. 2. Strong sense of ______________ - an environment in which all team members feel as responsible as the manager for the performance of the work unit. 3. Alignment on _________ - a sense of common purpose about why the team exists and the function it serves. 4. Open _______________ - a climate of open and honest communication. 5. High ______ - belief that member actions and intentions focus on what's best for the team and its members. 6. Clear _____ expectations - defined individual member responsibilities and team processes. 7. __________ ________ resolution - resolution of conflicts as they arise, rather than avoidance or delay. 8. _________________ - cooperative effort to achieve team goals.

leadership, accountability, purpose, communication, trust, role, early conflict, collaboration

Stage in which questions about authority and power have been resolved through unemotional, matter-of-fact group discussion. A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during this stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. What do the others expect me to do? Can we agree on roles and work as a team?

norming

Characteristics of an ____________ function fulfilled by formal groups: ★Accomplish complex, interdependent tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individuals ★Generate new or creative ideas or solutions ★Coordinate interdepartmental efforts ★Provide a problem-solving mechanism for complex problems requiring varied information and assessments ★Implement complex decisions ★Socialize and train newcomers

organizational

Stage that is focused on solving task problems as contributors get their work done without hampering others. This stage is often characterized by a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Conflicts and job boundary disputes are handled constructively and efficiently. Cohesiveness and personal commitment to group goals help with group achieve more than could any one individual acting alone. How can I best perform my role? Can we do the job properly?

performing

Teams that are assembled to tackle a particular problem, task, or project. Depending on their purpose, their duration can vary immensely, from one meeting to many years.

project teams

Task role: performs a "group memory" function by documenting discussion and outcomes

recorder

How to guard against social loafing: 1. Limit group ______ 2. Ensure equity of __________ to reduce the possibility that a member can say, "Everyone else is goofing off, so why shouldn't I?" 3. Hold people ___________. Don't allow members to feel they are lost in the crowd and can think, "Who cares?"

size, effort, accountable

Maintenance role: evaluates the quality of group processes

standard setter

Stage that is a time of testing. Individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to decide how they fit into the power structure. Subgroups may form and resist the current direction of a leader or another subgroup. In fact, some management experts say the reason many new CEOs don't survive is that they never get beyond the storming stages. What's my role here? Why are we fighting over who is in charge and who does what?

storming

Describe how the team will operate, such as through processes for sharing information and decision making

team charters

Describes the collection of jobs, personalities, knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience levels of team members

team composition

Deliberate plans that outline what exactly the team is to do, such as goal setting and defining particular member roles, tasks, and responsibilities

team performance strategies

Two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms and goals and have a common identity

group

The "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, the principal by-product of stage 3 (norming)

group cohesiveness