Building on Theory (Child Development)

Ethan, through his own effort, figured out how to put together a toy airplane. This brings to mind the work of _____, a well-known psychologist, who stressed the child's own discovery of concepts in his findings.

Piaget

_____ spent much of his professional life listening to and watching children in the area of developmental psychology.

Piaget

_____, a Swiss psychologist, spent much of his professional life listening to and watching children in the area of developmental psychology.

Piaget

The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is _____.

classification

Aaron is 7-years-old. Most children Aaron's age _____ objects they see, such as putting all of the red grapes in one pile and all of the grapes in another pile.

classify

Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is called _____ operational thought.

concrete

Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is "_____" thought.

concrete operational

Vygotsky believed that children learn from their:

cultures, peers & teachers

Pablo is being offered a summer job at the community pool. He has talked about the opportunity with his parents, and is hesitant, because he has never worked at a pool. Which factor might he utilize to increase his knowledge base?

current opportunity

When Piaget referred to concrete operations, he meant logic applied in situations that:

deal with visible, tangible, real things.

_____ experience, current opportunity, and personal motivation are three factors that facilitate increases in the knowledge base.

past

Jenny is taller than Julie. Julie is taller than Devra. Who is taller, Jenny or Devra? Piaget would call this example _____ inference.

transitive

_____ inference is the ability to figure out the unspoken link between one fact and another.

transitive

An important contribution of _____'s cognitive theory is that he realized that school-age children become concrete in their understanding, less egocentric, and eager to learn.

Jean Piaget

_____ is crucial for using (not merely memorizing) the alphabet or for understanding number sequence.

Seriation

The researcher, _____ stressed the importance of instruction by others.

Vygotsky

Unlike Piaget, who believed that children's development must precede their learning, _____ argued that learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function. In other words, social learning tends to precede development.

Vygotsky

_____'s emphasis on the importance of culture in the development of children has been supported by research conducted throughout the world.

Vygotsky

Piaget stressed the _____, whereas Vygotsky stressed the _____.

child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others

There is a class of objects called dogs. There is also a class called animals. All dogs are also animals, so the class of animals includes that of dogs. According to Piaget, this is called _____ inclusion.

class

Children's long-term memory is _____, but this is true at every age because everyone forgets or distorts items that should be remembered.

imperfect

Transitive _____ is the ability to figure out the unspoken link between one fact and another.

inference

A significant contribution of Piaget's cognitive theory is that he realized that school-age children become:

less egocentric and eager to learn.

Which aspect of memory has a very large capacity by middle childhood?

long term memory

Sensory _____, which is also called the sensory register, is the first component of the human information-processing system.

memory

Each of the three major steps in the _____-- sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory -- is affected by development.

memory process

The ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task, is called:

metacognition

The memory process has three major steps: _____ memory, working memory, and long-term memory and they are each affected by development.

sensory

_____ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed.

sensory

Logan is 5-years-old. He and can count to 50, but he cannot correctly estimate where 25 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 50. This means that Logan is having problems with _____.

seriation

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series is:

seriation

_____-term memory can also be called working memory.

short

Another name for working memory is _____ memory.

short-term

The use of mental processes to search for information, analyze it, and then express the analysis of the information describes:

the information-processing theory.