Building on Theory (Child Development)
Ethan, through his own effort, figured out how to put together a toy airplane. This brings to mind the work of _____, a well-known psychologist, who stressed the child's own discovery of concepts in his findings.
Piaget
_____ spent much of his professional life listening to and watching children in the area of developmental psychology.
Piaget
_____, a Swiss psychologist, spent much of his professional life listening to and watching children in the area of developmental psychology.
Piaget
The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is _____.
classification
Aaron is 7-years-old. Most children Aaron's age _____ objects they see, such as putting all of the red grapes in one pile and all of the grapes in another pile.
classify
Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is called _____ operational thought.
concrete
Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is "_____" thought.
concrete operational
Vygotsky believed that children learn from their:
cultures, peers & teachers
Pablo is being offered a summer job at the community pool. He has talked about the opportunity with his parents, and is hesitant, because he has never worked at a pool. Which factor might he utilize to increase his knowledge base?
current opportunity
When Piaget referred to concrete operations, he meant logic applied in situations that:
deal with visible, tangible, real things.
_____ experience, current opportunity, and personal motivation are three factors that facilitate increases in the knowledge base.
past
Jenny is taller than Julie. Julie is taller than Devra. Who is taller, Jenny or Devra? Piaget would call this example _____ inference.
transitive
_____ inference is the ability to figure out the unspoken link between one fact and another.
transitive
An important contribution of _____'s cognitive theory is that he realized that school-age children become concrete in their understanding, less egocentric, and eager to learn.
Jean Piaget
_____ is crucial for using (not merely memorizing) the alphabet or for understanding number sequence.
Seriation
The researcher, _____ stressed the importance of instruction by others.
Vygotsky
Unlike Piaget, who believed that children's development must precede their learning, _____ argued that learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function. In other words, social learning tends to precede development.
Vygotsky
_____'s emphasis on the importance of culture in the development of children has been supported by research conducted throughout the world.
Vygotsky
Piaget stressed the _____, whereas Vygotsky stressed the _____.
child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others
There is a class of objects called dogs. There is also a class called animals. All dogs are also animals, so the class of animals includes that of dogs. According to Piaget, this is called _____ inclusion.
class
Children's long-term memory is _____, but this is true at every age because everyone forgets or distorts items that should be remembered.
imperfect
Transitive _____ is the ability to figure out the unspoken link between one fact and another.
inference
A significant contribution of Piaget's cognitive theory is that he realized that school-age children become:
less egocentric and eager to learn.
Which aspect of memory has a very large capacity by middle childhood?
long term memory
Sensory _____, which is also called the sensory register, is the first component of the human information-processing system.
memory
Each of the three major steps in the _____-- sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory -- is affected by development.
memory process
The ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task, is called:
metacognition
The memory process has three major steps: _____ memory, working memory, and long-term memory and they are each affected by development.
sensory
_____ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed.
sensory
Logan is 5-years-old. He and can count to 50, but he cannot correctly estimate where 25 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 50. This means that Logan is having problems with _____.
seriation
The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series is:
seriation
_____-term memory can also be called working memory.
short
Another name for working memory is _____ memory.
short-term
The use of mental processes to search for information, analyze it, and then express the analysis of the information describes:
the information-processing theory.