Building Technology [Wall]

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Dolly Varden siding

Bevel siding rabbeted along the lower edge to receive the upper edge of the board below it

flush bead

a bead having its outer surface at the same level as the adjoining surfaces

cock bead

a bead that projects above or beyond the adjoining surfaces

spandrel beam

a beam spanning between columns and supporting the outer edge of a floor or roof

lintel

a beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening

corner board

a board against which siding is fitted at the corner of a frame structure

rake

a board or molding placed along the sloping side of a gable to cover the ends of the siding

engaged column

a column built so as to be truly or seemingly bonded to the wall before which it stands

splayed coping

a coping that sloped only in one direction. Also called "wedge coping"

saddle coping

a coping that slopes to either side of a center ridge. Also called "saddlebacked coping"

unit system

a curtain wall system consisting of preassembled, framed wall units that may be preglazed or glazed after installation

panel system

a curtain wall system consisting of preformed metal, cut stone, precast concrete, or panelized brick wall units, which may be preglazed or glazed after installation

unit-and-mullion system

a curtain wall system in which one- or two-story-high mullions are lowered into place behind the mullions. The framed wall units may be pre-glazed or glazed after installation

stick system

a curtain wall system in which tubular metal mullions and rails are assembled piece by piece on-site to frame vision glass and spandrel units

column-cover-and-spandrel system

a curtain wall system in which vision-glass assemblies and spandrel units are supported by spandrel beams between exterior columns clad with other sections

corner brace

a diagonal brace let into studding to reinforce the corner of a frame structure

panel

a distinct portion, section, or division of a wall, wainscot, ceiling, or door, esp. of any surface sunk below or raised above the surrounding area, or enclosed by a frame or border

pony wall

a dwarf wall for supporting floor joists

wainscot

a facing of wood paneling, esp. when covering the lower portion of an interior wall

coping

a finishing or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed water

shiplap

a flush, overlapping joint, such as a rabbet, between two boards joined edge to edge. Also, the boarding joined with such overlapping joints

basement wall

a foundation wall that encloses a usable area under a building

quirk

a groove or acute angle dividing a bead or other molding from adjoining members or surfaces

wall plate

a horizontal member built into or laid along the top of a wall to support and distribute the load from joists or rafters. Also called "raising plate"

girt

a horizontal member spanning between exterior columns to support wall sheathing or cladding

template

a horizontal timber or stone set in a wall to receive and distribute the pressure of a girder or beam. Also, "templet"

frame house

a house constructed with a skeletal framework of timber, usually sheathed with siding or shingles

clapboard

a long, thin board with one edge thicker than the other, laid horizontally as bevel siding

parapet

a low, protective wall at the edge of a terrace, balcony, or roof, esp. that part of an exterior wall, fire wall, or part wall that rises above the roof

firestop

a material or member built into a building frame to block a concealed hollow space through which a fire might spread from one part of the building to another

screen

a movable or fixed device, esp. a framed construction, designed to divide, conceal or protect

backing

a narrow wood strip fixed to the corner of a framed partition to provide a nailing surface for finish materials

saffing

a noncombustible material placed in an opening to prevent the passage of fire, as between a curtain wall and a spandrel beam

blocking

a number of small wood pieces inserted to space, join, or reinforce members of a building frame, fill the spaces between them, or provide a nailing surface for finish materials

raised panel

a panel having a center portion thicker than the edges or projecting above the surrounding frame. Also called "fielded panel"

flush panel

a panel having a surface in the same plane as the surrounding frame

sunk panel

a panel having a surface recessed below the surrounding frame or surface

spandrel

a panel-like area in a multistory frame building, between the sill of a window on one level and the head of the window immediately below. Also, "spandril"

movable partition

a partition capable of being moved to different locations. Also called "demountable partition"

ledger strip

a piece attached to the face of a beam at the bottom as a support for the ends of the joists

canton

a pilaster or similar feature projecting from a corner of a building

bolection

a raised molding for framing a panel, doorway, or fireplace, esp. when the meeting surfaces are at different levels. Also, "bilection"

sill sealer

a resilient, fibrous material placed between a sill and a foundation wall to redudce air infiltration

sheathing

a rough covering of boards, plywood, or other panel materials applied to a frame structure to serve as a base for siding, flooring, or roofing

paneling

a series of panels, esp. decorative wood panels, joined in a continuous surface

pilaster

a shallow rectangular feature projecting from a wall, having a capital and a base and architecturally treated as a column

diagonal sheathing

a sheathing of boards applied diagonally for lateral strength

return wall

a short wall perpendicular to the end of a longer wall

L sill

a sill for a building frame, composed of a plate resting on a foundation wall and a joist or header at the outer edge of the plate

box sill

a sill for a building frame, composed of a plate resting on a foundation wall and a joist or header at the outer edge of the plate, as well as a sole plate for studs resting either directly on the joists or on the rough flooring

batten

a small board or strip of wood used for various building purposes, such as covering joints between boards, supporting shingles or roofing tiles, or providing a base for lathing

boarding

a structure of boards used for sheathing or subflooring

ribbon

a thin, horizontal board let into studding to carry the ends of joists. Also called "ledger, ribband, ribbon strip"

mullion

a vertical member dividing the panels in wainscoting

pier

a vertical supporting structure, such as a section of wall between two openings or one supporting the end of an arch or lintel

gable wall

a wall bearing or crowned by a gable

bearing wall

a wall capable of supporting an imposed load, as from a floor or roof of a building. Also called "load-bearing wall"

exterior wall

a wall forming part of the envelope of a building, having one face exposed to the weather or to earth. Also called "external wall"

blind wall

a wall having no windows, doorways, or other openings.

dwarf wall

a wall less than a full story in height

retaining wall

a wall of treated timber, masonry, or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth

stud wall

a wall or partition framed with studs and faced with sheathing, siding, wallboard, or plasterwork. Also called "stud partition"

nonbearing wall

a wall supporting no load other than its own weight. Also called "non-load-bearing wall"

party wall

a wall used jointly by contiguous structures, erected upon a line dividing two parcels of land, each of which is a separate real-estate entity

siding

a weatherproof material, such as shingles, boards, or units of sheet metal, used for surfacing the exterior walls of a frame building

platform frame

a wooden building frame having studs only one story high, regardless of the stories built, each story resting on the top plates of the story below or on the sill plates of the foundation wall. Also called "western frame"

balloon frame

a wooden building frame having studs that rise the full height of the frame from the sill plate to the roof plate, with joists nailed to the studs and supported by sills or by ribbons let into the studs

discharging arch

an arch built above another structural member to relieve its load. Also called "relieving arch"

backup wall

an assembly of materials used behind a curtain wall to provide the required degree of fire-resistance

corner post

an assembly of two or three studs spiked together at the intersection of two framed walls to provide a nailing surface for finish materials

surround

an encircling area or border

curtain wall

an exterior wall supported wholly by the structural frame of a building and carrying no loads other than its own weight and wind loads

bearing partition

an interior wall carrying a structural load. Also called "load-bearing partition"

partition

an interior wall dividing a room or part of a building into separate areas

nonbearing partition

an interior wall supporting no load other than its own weight. Also called "non-load-bearing partition"

spandrel glass

an opaque glass for concealing the structural elements in curtain wall construction, produced by fusing a ceramic frit to the interior surface of tempered or heat-strengthened glass

cripple

any framing member that is shorter than usual, such as a stud above a door opening or below a window sill

stud

any of a repetitive series of slender, upright members of wood or light-gauge metal forming the structural frame of a wall or partition

plate

any of various horizontal timbers laid flat across the heads of studding or upon floors to support joists, rafters, or studs at or near their ends

anchor

any of various metal devices used in curtain wall construction to secure a frame or panel to the building structure, usually allowing for adjustment in three dimensions

building paper

any of various papers, felts, or similar sheet material used in construction to prevent the passage of air or moisture

anchor bolt

any of various rods or bolts embedded in masonry or concrete to hold, secure, or support a structural member

wall

any of various upright constructions presenting a continuous surface and serving to enclose, divide, or protect an area

interior wall

any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior walls

retaining wall

can fail by overturning, sliding, or settling. Also called "breast wall"

center-to-center

from the centerline of one element, member, or part to the centerline of the next. Also called "on center"

structural sheathing

sheathing capable of bracing the plane of a framed wall or roof

termite shield

sheet metal installed atop a foundation wall or around pipes to prevent the passage of termites

drop siding

siding composed of boards narrowed along the upper edges to fit into rabbets or grooves in the lower edges, laid horizontally with their backs flat against the sheathing of the wall. Also called "novelty siding, rustic siding"

colonial siding

siding composed of plain, square-edged boards laid horizontally so that the upper overlaps the one below

bevel siding

siding composed of tapered boards, such as clapboards, laid horizontally with the thicker lower edge of each board overlapping the thinner upper edge of the board below it. Also called "lap siding"

vertical siding

siding consisting of matched boards applied vertically

board and batten

siding consisting of wide boards or plywood sheets set vertically with butt joints covered by battens

soleplate

the bottom horizontal member of a framed wall upon which a row of studs is erected. Also called "shoe, sole, solepiece"

toe

the forward, lower tip of the base of a footing or retaining wall, extended to give broader bearing and greater stability

dado

the lower portion of an interior wall when faced or treated differently from the upper section, as with paneling or wallpaper

sill

the lowest horizontal member of a frame structure, resting on and anchored to a foundation wall. Also called "mudsill, sill plate"

top plate

the uppermost horizontal member of a framed wall on which joists or rafters rest

let in

to insert into the surface of a stud, wall, or the like as a permanent addition


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