BUS Exam 4
In the context of total quality management (TQM), which of the following statements is true of Six Sigma? a.It is used for generating new business ideas and assessing market demand. b.It is limited to manufacturing organizations. c.It specifies a goal of no more than 5.4 defects per million parts. d.It emphasizes a disciplined and relentless pursuit of higher quality and lower costs.
It emphasizes a disciplined and relentless pursuit of higher quality and lower costs.
Effective communication strategies for managers
Strategic conversation: people talking across boundaries and hierarchical levels about the team or organization's vision, critical strategic themes, and the values that help achieve important goals
Which of the following theories focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others? a.Expectancy theory b.Equity theory c.Goal-setting theory d.Reinforcement theory
- equity theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation
...
In the context of the different types of followership, effective followers: a.behave the same toward everyone, regardless of their position in the organization. b.emerge when an organization is going through desperate times. c.lack initiative or responsibility and accomplish things only with supervision. d.participate willingly, without considering the consequences of what they are being asked to do.
.behave the same toward everyone, regardless of their position in the organization.
self managed teams
5 to 20 multiskilled workers who rotate jobs to produce an entire product or service or at least one complete aspect or portion of a product or service. the team works with minimum supervision.
Approaches to Control
??? International managers can employ many different approaches to control. These approaches typically are dictated by the MNC's philosophy of control, the economic environment in which the overseas until is operating, and the needs & desires of the managerial personnel who staff the unit
Goal setting theory
???a theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance
Financial Analysis
The process of planning, maintaining, monitoring, controlling, and reporting the use of financial resources
Auto analytics
a consumer trend used to describe automated self-tracking and analysis through the use of technology
global team
a cross-border team made up of members of different nationalities whose activities span multiple countries
Types of basic production layouts
a facilities layout in which machines and tasks are arranged according to the sequence of steps in the production of a single product.
virtual team
a group made up of geographically or organizationally dispersed members linked primarily through advanced information and telecommunications technologies
Reinforcement theory
a theory based on the relationship between a given behavior and its consequences
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
a theory saying that people are motivated by five categories of needs-- physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self actualization-- that exist in a hierarchical order
Equity theory
a theory that focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others
Social learning theory
a theory that proposes that an individual's motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from thoughts, beliefs, and observations of other people's behavior
In the context of the two factor theory, which of the following is true of hygiene factors? a.They work only in the area of dissatisfaction. b.They focus only on high level needs. c.They include recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth. d.They make employees highly motivated to excel at their work.
a they work only in the area of dissatisfaction
In the context of the model of communication, which of the following individuals is giving feedback? a.Marc, who replies to his manager's email about quality improvement with his own ideas b.Eleanor, who circulates a memo among her subordinates about a process change implementation c.Bruce, who sends his superiors a fortnightly sales report as part of his defined tasks d.Claire, who sends out a company wide email about the importance of punctuality
a. Marc, who replies to his manager's email about quality improvement with his own ideas.
Praque Inc., a machinery manufacturing firm, relies on suppliers to deliver raw materials on demand. John, the manager at Praque Inc., has set the following rules about the firm's operations: Materials should be purchased from only a preapproved set of vendors; a formal bidding method should be used for purchases above a fixed amount; and a thorough inventory count should be conducted at regular intervals and matched against the inventory list of the company. In the given scenario, John has set these rules to: a.achieve organizational control. b.have organizational synergy. c.implement a social orientation approach. d.maintain the leadership continuum.
a. achieve organizational control
Barry, the safety officer at a company that owns copper mines, had assembled a team to review the company's policy for disaster management. The task required employees to stay together in a harsh environment. The members worked together and examined the various measures in place for damage control. After achieving their main purpose, they were asked to wrap up and were presented with plaques to signify the achievement of the set goal. In the context of the stages of team development, the team members are in the ______. a.adjourning stage b.storming stage c.performing stage d.norming stage
a. adjourning stage
Which of the following statements is true of managers' communication? a.Everything that a manager does and says communicates something to the employees. b.Surveys show that most managers seek continuous feedback from employees and customers. c.Surveys show that most managers do not realize the need to improve communication effectiveness. d.Managers' communication is past oriented, that is, it directs employees' attention to prior mistakes.
a. everything that a manager does and says communicates something to the employees
In the context of Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory, which of the following needs focus on the development of human potential and the desire for increased competence? a.Growth needs b.Physiological needs c.Belongingness needs d.Safety needs
a. growth needs
Esky Corporation, a chain of retail stores, monitors 10 performance indicators that are believed to be correlated with better quality service, including how quickly employees respond to queries, how well employees assist customers in shopping, whether purchases are delivered on time, and so forth. This monitoring of performance indicators by Esky Corporation is an example of: a.organizational control. b.organizational agility. c.performance orientation. d.social orientation.
a. organizational control
Bradford, a restaurateur, meets his staff every morning to discuss daily plans, work related problems, and their solutions. His employees have devised a unique method to deliver efficient and error-free service. Bradford gives his chefs full freedom to innovate and experiment with the dishes on the menu and shares customer feedback with them. In case of exceptional customer reviews, he rewards the entire staff with weekend outings. Which of the following approaches to organizational control does Bradford use at his restaurant? a.The decentralized control approach b.The hierarchical control approach c.The directive control approach d.The Theory X control approach-
a. the decentralized control approach
Which of the following is a difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and the ERG model? a.Unlike Maslow's theory, the ERG model suggests that individuals may move down as well as up the needs hierarchy, depending on their ability to satisfy needs. b.Unlike Maslow's theory, the ERG model identifies five categories of needs. c.Unlike the ERG model, Maslow's theory proposes that movement up the hierarchy is more complex, reflecting a frustration regression principle. d.Unlike the ERG model, Maslow's theory is less rigid in terms of the movement of individuals.
a.Unlike Maslow's theory, the ERG model suggests that individuals may move down as well as up the needs hierarchy, depending on their ability to satisfy needs.
Which of the following is true of virtual teams? a.Virtual teams can be local, national, global, and include members from one firm or many. b.Virtual teams are composed solely of top organizational members as they deal with confidential organizational information. c. Communication in virtual teams provides a rich nonverbal context that is missing in teams where members are physically present. d.Resolution of conflicts is easier in virtual teams than when members are physically present.
a.Virtual teams can be local, national, global, and include members from one firm or many.
Jordan is a manager at a technology firm. When the top management makes decisions, Jordan explains it to his subordinates and gives them time to come up with questions. He clarifies their queries and helps them understand their tasks better. In the context of the different leader styles, Jordan uses the _____. a.selling style b.telling style c.participating style d.delegating style
a.selling style
David helps the orchestra improve on a daily basis. When required, he spends personal time with the members to help them achieve their full potential. At the end of one of the performances, the orchestra receives a standing ovation, and David is asked to speak to the audience. As a Level 5 leader, David will: a.thank the members of the orchestra and give them credit for their hard work. b.speak about how his orchestra is much better than the competitors'. c.boast about the orchestra's high earnings and talk about his big ambitions for the orchestra. d.take full responsibility for the successful performance of the orchestra.
a.thank the members of the orchestra and give them credit for their hard work.
The term _____ refers to a combination of confidence, commitment, and motivation that a follower possesses. a.willingness b.ability c.consideration d.humility
a.willingness
Styles of followership
alienated follower, conformist, pragmatic survivor, passive follower, effective follower.
Lucas uses a fitness tracker app on his smartphone to measure his calorie intake in a day and track the activities that help him burn calories through the day. His aim is to modify his lifestyle for better health and increased work productivity. In the context of managing quality and performance, Lucas's practice of voluntarily collecting and analyzing data about himself in order to improve is an example of: a.self induction. b.auto analytics. c.a social orientation approach. d.a feasibility study.
auto analytics
Which of the following is a difference between a centralized communication network and a decentralized communication network? a.The decision making process is fast in a decentralized network, whereas the decision making process is slow in a centralized network. b.A decentralized network allows members to process information equally until all agree on a decision, whereas a centralized network limits the number of people involved in decision making. c.In a centralized network, there is free flow of information in all directions, whereas in a decentralized network, team members must communicate through one individual. d.A centralized network can be effective for small teams, whereas a decentralized network is best for large teams.
b. A decentralized network allows members to process information equally until all agree on a decision, whereas a centralized network limits the number of people involved in decision making.
In the context of Maslow's theory, which of the following individuals has satisfied her safety needs at her workplace? a.Sally, a lawyer at Matroper Corp., who has been given the opportunity to become a partner at the firm b.Sara, who has been hired for a permanent position in a startup firm after being unemployed for over six months c.Dora, who has received a warm welcome from her team members after returning from a three month sabbatical d.Renee, an assistant manager at Osmosis Spa, who has been promoted to the managerial position due to her dedication to work
b. Sara, who has been hired for a permanent position in a startup after being unemployed for over six months.
Collin is the leader of a team that has resolved all its conflicts and has developed a sense of cohesion. The members have accepted each other and there is consensus over team members' roles. As the leader of a team that is yet to reach the problem solving stage of team development, Collin should: a.work through the uncertainties and conflicting perceptions about team tasks and goals. b.provide time for members to engage in informal social discussions. c.allow the formation of coalitions or subgroups based on common interests. d.emphasize unity within the team and help to clarify team norms and values.
b. emphasize unity within the team and help to clarify team norms and values.
In the context of personal communication channels, which of the following statements is true of gossip that travels through the grapevine in an organization? a.Gossip marginalizes employees and disables their voice within the organization. b.Gossip has a negative connotation, but it may actually be good for the company. c.Information communicated through gossip moves slowly in the organization than through official channels. d.Gossip communicates information through a person to person communication network that is officially sanctioned by the organization.
b. gossip has a negative connotation, but it may actually be good for the company.
Which of the following motivation methods should an organization consider if it wants to go bossless? a.It should hide information concerning motivational factors. b.It should reward teams instead of individuals. c.It should use functional or command teams. d.It should rely on extrinsic rewards.
b. it should reward teams instead of individuals
In the context of communication channels, which of the following statements is true of electronic communication? a.The use of emails to discuss disputes can lead to resolution rather than escalation of conflict. b.Managers use email or text messaging to avoid the emotional discomfort of a real time conversation. c. Email communication is the richest channel of communication because it permits direct experience and personal focus. d.Electronic communication is the best channel to convey difficult news, give advice, or express affection.
b. managers use emails or text messaging to avoid the emotional discomfort of a real time conversation.
The quality guidelines at Riko Toys require close adherence to safety specifications. A group of 10 employees voluntarily meet each week to identify and solve problems that hinder the productivity and quality of their work. These employees are trained in statistical quality control, and they analyze the problems and refer them to the organizational level where actions can be taken to solve them. In the context of total quality management (TQM), the voluntary group of 10 employees is an example of a: a.pathfinder network. b.quality circle. c.command team. d.functional team.
b. quality circle
One of the elements of workplace communication for managers to master is using: a.distributive negotiation for resolving interpersonal conflicts. b.social media to improve internal and external communication. c.positional negotiation for resolving relationship conflicts. d.Theory X management style for communication with employees.
b. social media to improve internal and external communication.
In the context of the different types of conflict, one study of top management teams found that _____ was associated with higher decision quality, greater commitment, and more decision acceptance. a.role conflict b.task conflict c.relationship conflict d.interdependence conflict
b. task conflict
InterValley Inc. is undergoing major changes at its managerial level. It is also about to appoint a new CEO. Although this information is strictly confidential and has not yet been told to the employees, almost every employee in the company knows about it and is anticipating major changes in the firm in the near future. In this context, the employees at InterValley Inc. gained knowledge of the changes taking place in the company even before receiving any official message through _____. a.upward communication b.the grapevine c.social media d.the company newsletter
b. the grapevine
Which of the following statements is true of effective communication? a.An employee encodes symbols to interpret the meaning of a message. b.The nature of effective communication is cyclical. c.A manager decodes an idea by selecting symbols with which to compose a message. d.The sole purpose of effective communication is the transference of information.
b. the nature of effective communication is cyclical.
Which of the following is true of the Leadership Grid? a.It measures a leader's initiating structure. b.It measures a leader's concern for people and concern for production. c.It determines the situational variables that substitute for or neutralize a leader's characteristics. d.It determines whether a leader exerts hard power or soft power.
b.It measures a leader's concern for people and concern for production.
Which of the following is the most likely outcome when there is a lack of trust within organizational teams? a.People put their personal ambition ahead of collective results. b.People do not feel safe to reveal mistakes. c.People go along with others for the sake of harmony. d.People do not express conflicting opinions.
b.People do not feel safe to reveal mistakes.
In the context of the types of negotiation, which of the following occurs when conflicting parties embark on an integrative negotiation approach? a.They see negotiation as a zero sum game. b.They want to come up with a creative solution that benefits both sides. c.They are competitive and adversarial rather than collaborative. d.They look at the conflict as a win/lose situation rather than from multiple angles.
b.They want to come up with a creative solution that benefits both sides
Minnie owns a furniture and home décor showroom. She has instructed her sales floor employees to always sort and arrange furniture as room displays. For example, living room merchandise should be arranged and decorated like a real room so that shoppers get a feel of the actual look. This rule is followed for arranging kitchen furniture, study furniture, and so on. This saves time and helps employees restore order and place items in their exact locations. In the context of managing quality and performance, Minnie's rule about furniture displays in her showroom is an example of: a.comparing performance with standards. b.establishing standards of performance. c.measuring actual performance. d.measuring cognitive tasks.
b.establishing standards of performance.
conflict
balancing conflict and cooperation, conflict can help eliminate groupthink, conflict can damage morale and productivity.
Heidi likes to start team meetings with a joke or a funny story that breaks the ice and makes people talk and laugh. She is very receptive to her team members' ideas and encourages them to contribute to conversations. When conflicts arise within the group, Heidi helps the disagreeing members to reach an agreement. In the context of the different roles played by team members, which of the following roles does Heidi play? a.A diagnostic role b.A task specialist role c.A socioemotional role d.A dominating role
c. a socioemotional role
Anjali, a manager at an investment firm, needs to downsize her team by five employees. She is faced with the difficult task of informing and explaining the necessity of this decision to the five team members who are being laid off. In order to handle this task most effectively, Anjali should: a.announce the decision through a post on the company's internal Web site. b.send a common email to the five team members. c.have a face to face discussion with each of the five team members. d.give a typed notice to the five team members.
c. have a face to face discussion with each of the five team members
In the context of gender differences in communication, which of the following is a difference between the communication styles of men and women? a.Men typically score high on abilities such as motivating others, fostering communication, and listening, whereas women score low on these abilities. b.When a woman nods, it means that she agrees, whereas when a man nods, it means that he is listening. c.When men make decisions, they process internally until they come up with a solution, whereas when women make decisions, they tend to process and think of options out loud. d.Women believe that listening can take place without making eye contact, whereas men believe that good listening skills involve making regular eye contact.
c. when men make decisions, they process internally until they come up with a solution, whereas when women make decisions, they tend to process and think of options out loud.
In the context of total quality management (TQM), which of the following statements is true of quality partnering? a.It is usually done after a product is completed or a service is delivered. b.In quality partnering, quality control is seen as separate from everyday work. c.It makes it possible to detect and address defects early in the product life cycle, when they can be corrected most easily. d.In quality partnering, the work of quality partners is viewed as an interruption to the normal work routine.
c.It makes it possible to detect and address defects early in the product life cycle, when they can be corrected most easily
In the context of the changing philosophy of control, which of the following statements is a difference between the hierarchical and decentralized methods of organizational control? a.In the hierarchical method, culture is recognized as a means for uniting teams, whereas in the decentralized method, cultural norms are distrusted. b.In the hierarchical method, employees are actively engaged and turnover is low, whereas in the decentralized method, employee absenteeism and turnover is high. c.The hierarchical method relies on task related job descriptions, whereas the decentralized method relies on results-based job descriptions. d.The hierarchical method features limited use of rules, whereas the decentralized method uses detailed rules and procedures.
c.The hierarchical method relies on task related job descriptions, whereas the decentralized method relies on results-based job descriptions.
In the context of the feedback control model, which of the following statements is true of the balanced scorecard management control system? a.The use of this system can increase organizational performance if managers implement the balanced scorecard using a performance measurement orientation. b.The balanced scorecard management control system is a true fit for every organization in every situation. c.The simplicity of this system causes some managers to underestimate the time and commitment needed for the approach to become a truly useful management control system. d.The use of a performance management approach to implement the balanced scorecard can hinder short and long term organizational results.
c.The simplicity of this system causes some managers to underestimate the time and commitment needed for the approach to become a truly useful management control system
Ron was placed in charge of two teams: Team A and Team B. Team A's members reported that they were very satisfied with their team, but they were unproductive. Team B focused only on task accomplishment and was effective for a short amount of time, but its members were not very satisfied. As an effective team leader, Ron should: a.ask Team A and Team B to figure out solutions to their respective problems. b.ask the members of Team A to work the same way that Team B works. c.form a team that consists of members from both Team A and Team B. d.insist that the members of Team B host more non task interactions.
c.form a team that consists of members from both Team A and Team B
Dakota runs Soul Earth, a holistic care center committed to alternative healing therapies such as acupuncture and meditation. As the organization transforms its vision to incorporate all types of wellness, Dakota must figure out how to get her staff on the same page. As a transformational leader, Dakota will: a.command her subordinates to fulfil the task requirements for her own personal gain. b.inspire her subordinates to believe in their own potential to create a better future for the organization. c.rely solely on tangible rules and incentives to control all transactions with her subordinates. d.motivate her employees to put aside their own needs and concerns for the sake of the organization.
c.rely solely on tangible rules and incentives to control all transactions with her subordinates.
Hilary was put on a new team by her manager. Ever since she shifted teams, Hilary has felt energized and motivated toward higher performance because her friends work on the same team. She and her friends work together to come up with creative ideas and solutions to problems. In the given scenario, Hilary's manager recognized that _____ was most likely to produce a positive work life change for Hilary. a.cross functionality b.peer pressure c.social facilitation d.self management
c.social facilitation
In the context of budgetary control, the ____ of an organization estimates receipts and expenditures of money on a daily or weekly basis to ensure that the organization has sufficient funds to meet its obligations.
cash budget
Abraham, a supervisor, likes to dictate what others can do and say. He is known to harshly reprimand and even ruin his subordinates' chances for promotions when they do not perform as per his will. Although they are all fairly unhappy, Abraham's subordinates have not complained about his behavior because they fear him. In the context of the types of power that are available to leaders, Abraham has _____ over his subordinates. a.reward power b.referent power c.coercive power d.expert power
coercive
In the context of the styles of handling conflict, the __ reflects a high degree of both assertiveness and cooperativeness and enables both parties to win, although it may require substantial bargaining and negotiation.
collaborating style
__ is defined as the process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to influence or motivate behavior.
communication
functional team
composed of a manager and subordinates in the formal chain of command
cross functional team
composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different areas of expertise. task forces and special purpose teams
Balanced scorecard
comprehensive management control system that balances traditional financial measures with operational measures relating to a company's critical success factors
Maya, the store manager for a fast food restaurant, is committed to ensuring that her staff members work in a nurturing environment that promotes growth, acknowledgement, and reward. She respects her employees' ideas and wants them to be content. As a result, she has built relationships based on mutual trust with her subordinates. In the given scenario, Maya is an effective leader with high: a.job-centered behavior. b.consideration. c.initiating structure. d.coercive power.
consideration
Bart works at an accounting firm. He is not respected by his team members because he spends a lot of time on the Internet playing games. He does not participate in team activities or contribute to the team's work. His team members feel he is being unnecessarily rewarded for the hard work of others. In the context of the dilemmas of teamwork, Bart is a _____. a.task specialist b.gatekeeper c.harmonizer d.free rider
d. free rider
In the context of managing communication, which of the following statements is a difference between routine and nonroutine messages? a.Unlike routine messages, nonroutine messages convey data or statistics that managers already agree on and understand. b.Unlike nonroutine messages, routine messages need channels that are high in richness for efficient communication. c.Nonroutine messages are simple, whereas routine messages have great potential to be misunderstood. d.Nonroutine messages are ambiguous, whereas routine messages are straightforward.
d. nonroutine messages are ambiguous, whereas routine messages are straightforward.
According to the job characteristics model, which of the following is a core job dimension? a.Behavior modification b.Positive reinforcement. c.Vicarious learning d.Skill variety
d. skill variety
In the _____ of team development, individual personalities emerge and team members become more assertive in clarifying their roles and what is expected of them. a.performing stage b.forming stage c.norming stage d.storming stage
d. storming stage
In the context of managing communication, which of the following statements is true of good listeners? a.They concentrate on formulating what they are going to say next. b.They judge delivery rather than the content of a speech. c.They seek facts rather than understanding the central theme of a speech. d.They capitalize on the fact that thought is faster than speech.
d. they capitalize on the fact that thought is faster than speech
Sarah has been working at a designer clothing company for five years. She has developed an equitable partnership with her colleagues and superiors and faces challenges head on. Her supervisor trusts her to make decisions and to come up with great marketing strategies at the beginning of every season. Sarah's ideas are creative and she always manages to develop a socially relevant theme to go along with the season's theme. In the context of the different follower styles, Sarah is a(n): a.alienated follower. b.passive follower. c.pragmatic survivor. d.effective follower.
d.effective follower
The management at Revelio Corporation wants its employees to actively participate in the achievement of the firm's goals. It wants them to appreciate the importance of financial efficiency for the firm's success as well as their own. The goal of the management is to train the employees to interpret the firm's financial data and to make them think like owners by giving them the same information owners have: what money is coming in and where it is going. In this scenario, Revelio Corporation is using _____. a.the Theory X management style b.hierarchical organizational control c.a detailed requirements analysis d.open book management
d.open-book management
traits
distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader. Early research looked at the Great Man approach to leadership. They are reemerging as a leadership interest.
__ is the most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication that consists of the messages and information sent from top management to subordinates.
downward communication
__ is defined as an emotional and mental state in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.
engagement
_____ is based on the relationship among an individual's effort, the individual's performance, and the desirability of outcomes associated with high performance. a.Social learning theory b. Goal-setting theory c.Expectancy theory d.Reinforcement theory-
expectancy theory
Hershey & Blanchard's Situational Model of Leadership leadership styles
extension of behavioral theories, focuses on characteristics of followers, seeks appropriate leadership behavior, subordinates vary in readiness (readiness is determined by subordinate's degree of willingness and ability)
Wanda, an employee at Presert Inc., has not achieved her sales targets in the past three fiscal quarters. Hence, unlike her peers, she has not got a pay hike; moreover, her superior has withheld her annual bonus. Which of the following reinforcement tools has Wanda's superior used in this scenario? a.Punishment b.Avoidance learning c.Extinction d.Negative reinforcement
extinction
According to goal setting theory, easy goals are more motivating than hard ones. True/False
false
Distributive negotiation is collaborative and typically leads to positive long-term relationships. True/False -
false
Formal communication channels are the primary way information spreads and work gets accomplished in most organizations. True/False
false
In the context of budgetary control, a responsibility center is defined as any organizational department or unit under the supervision of a team of 6 to 12 employees responsible for its activity. True/False
false
Leadership can replace management in an organization. True False
false
balance sheet
financial statement that shows the firm's financial position with respect to assets and liabilities at a specific point in time. Has cash, assets, liabilities, accounts payable.
income statements
financial statement that summarizes the firm's financial performance for a given time interval, usually one year. Has COGS, revenue and sales, Gross profit, operating income.
(Tuckman's) Five Stages of Team Development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.
In the context of the types of teams that organizations use, a _____ is composed of a manager and his or her subordinates in the formal chain of command. a.self managed team b.functional team c.project team d.cross functional team
functional team
Types of teams
functional team, cross functional team, self managed teams, virtual teams, and global teams
types of power
hard position power, personal soft power, others sources of power
Motivation & factors that influence it
has to do with hygiene factors (working conditions, and pay and sesrurity) and motivators (acheivement and recognition)
Styles of handling conflict
high directness/high intensity (a person aggressively expresses conflict), high directness/low intensity (a person expresses conflict in a low voltage manner), low directness/high intensity, low directness/low intensity.
level 5 leadership
highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities, lack of ego (humility), fierce resolve to do what is best for organization, may seem shy and self-effacing, accept responsibility for failures and give credit for success to other people.
transformational leadership
individuals distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change. Recognize followers' needs and concerns, provide meaning, challenge people to look at old problems in new ways, act as role models for new values and bahaviors.
Transactional leadership
individuals who clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates, initiate structure, provide appropriate rewards, and try to be considerate and meet the social needs of subordinates.
authentic leadership
individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistently with higher-order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity
Faith, the CEO of a startup organization, is extremely nurturing and gives her staff enough freedom so they can think creatively about problems and come up with innovative solutions. She is known to be a good listener; her subordinates are highly motivated to achieve organizational goals. Faith believes in collaborative work to get the best results. In the context of the different types of leadership, Faith is a(n) _____. a.servant leader b.autocratic leader c.narcissistic leader d.interactive leader
interactive leaders
interactive leadership
leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority
Types of contemporary leadership
level 5 leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, interactive leadership (gender differences)
In the context of total quality management (TQM), which of the following statements is true of continuous improvement? a.It is the implementation of a large number of small, incremental improvements in all areas of an organization on an ongoing basis. b.The basic philosophy of continuous improvement is that improving major processes periodically has the highest probability of success. c.In continuous improvement, managers measure the expected benefits of a huge change and favor the ideas with the biggest payoffs. d.In continuous improvement, changes to all job activities are made solely by the founders and top
level executives. - a.It is the implementation of a large number of small, incremental improvements in all areas of an organization on an ongoing basis.
What are financial ratios, why do we use them, explain one example with formula
managers need to evaluate financial reports. They compare performance with other data and industry standards. Liquidity ratios, activity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage ratios.
Supply chain management
managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.
task specialist role
member who helps the team reach its goal, initiate ideas, give opinions, seek information, summarize, energize.
socioemotional role
member who supports team members' emotional needs and strengthens the social entity, encourage, harmonize, reduce tension, follow, compromise.
_ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. a.Engagement b.Enrichment c.Cognition d.Motivation
motivation
strengths
natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with the best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction.
A _________task/vision/conciliator/neutralizer is a situational variable that counteracts a leadership style and prevents the leader from displaying certain behaviors.
neutralizer
Characteristics of TQM
organization-wide effort to infuse quality into every activity in a company through continuous improvement Techniques Quality circle Benchmarking Six Sigma principles Quality partnering Continuous improvement
Types of negotiation
people engage in give and take discussions and consider various alternatives to reach a joint decision that is acceptable to both parties. Integrative negotiation, distributive negotiation.
power
potential ability to influence the behavior of others
personal soft power
power from the individual, expert power, referent power
hard position power
power from the organization, legitimate power, reward power, coercive power.
other sources of power
power not from organization or individual, personal effort, network of relationships, information-
Expectancy theory
proposes that motivation depends on individuals' assumptions about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards
___ is a reinforcement tool that is the imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee
punishment
In the context of financial control, the most common financial analysis focuses on the use of ___, statistics that express the relationships between performance indicators such as profits and assets, sales, and inventory.
ratios
decentralized communication networks
relies on cultural values, traditions, shared beliefs, and trust to foster compliance with organizational goals
centralized control
society-wide organization to economy, bureaucratic record keeping, structural uniformity in constructions
servant leadership
some leaders assume work exists for the development of the worker as much as the worker exists to do the work. leader who transcends self interest to serve others, the organization, and society. Servant leaders give away power, ideas, information, recognition, credit, and money.
In the context of leadership, _____ are natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction. a.virtues b.traits c.strengths d.ethics
strengths
Team member roles
task specialist role and socioemotional role
Jenkin's, a large retail store, has lately been experiencing issues with sales and has lost a lot of customers. Bobby is hired to manage the store. He is found to be a tough leader who focuses on and plans to improve efficiency by setting high standards for his subordinates. He is not very popular amongst his subordinates as he ignores their needs. However, his method of leading gets work done and sales soon start to improve. In the context of the relationship between leadership style and situational favorability, Bobby is a(n) _____. a.interactive leader b.authentic leader c.task-oriented leader d.relationship-oriented leader
task-oriented leader
__ is the biggest factor in determining whether people feel motivated and engaged at work. a.Company performance b.The behavior of managers c.Attrition rate d.The number of working hours
the behavior of managers
One of the determinants of team cohesiveness is ___ , which means team members agree on purpose and direction.
the concept of shared goals
influence
the effect that a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior of others.
Which of the following statements is true of empowered employees? a.They do not rely on motivational compensation programs. b.They are rewarded based on company performance. c.They do not need financial and operational information about the company. d.They require continuous supervision of managers.
they are rewarded based on company performance
Various types of workplace communication
three elements of workplace communication Using social media to improve internal and external communication Using informal, personal communication channels Establishing formal communication channels
Charismatic leaders/Transactional leaders/Narcissistic leaders/Transformational leaders are distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change by recognizing followers' needs and concerns, providing meaning, challenging people to look at old problems in new ways, and acting as role models for the new values and behaviors.
transformational
Executives need to manage communications effectively so that the grapevine is not the only source of information in times of rapid change, uncertainty, or crisis. True/False
true
In the context of budgetary control, an expense budget includes anticipated and actual expenses for each responsibility center and for the total organization. True/False
true
In the context of followership, the alienated follower is a passive, yet independent, critical thinker. True False
true
In the context of team characteristics, teams need to be large enough to incorporate the diverse skills needed to complete a task and small enough to permit members to feel an intimate part of the team. True/False
true
Job design is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction. True/False
true
Strategies & challenges for effective virtual teams
use virtual technology to build relationships, shape culture through virtual technology, monitor progress and rewards
distributive negotation
win/lose approach is competitive and adversarial
integrative negotiation
win/win approach assumes that all parties want to come up with a creative solution that can benefit both sides the conflict
