Business Speech Midterm

An effective extemporaneous presentation: A) Is written out word-for-word in advance B) Should be carefully prepared and rehearsed several times, but not memorized C) Is given without the use of notes D) Will be delivered using exactly the same words over and over again

B

Informal Communication Networks

Based on friendships, shared personal interests, proximity

The text explains that we can change the meaning of a word with a simple change of pitch or volume. This nonverbal characteristic is called: A) Appearance B) Personal Distance C) Paralanguage D) Haptics

C

Downward Communication

Can be from upper management to employees, give instruction, rationale, procedures, feedback, etc

Low uncertainty avoidance

Comfortable with the fact that not everything is predictable, ok with taking risks, and tolerant of behaviors that differ from the norm

Social orientation

Concerned about feelings of members and smooth functioning as a team, collective concerns, cooperative problem-solving, maintains a friendly atmosphere

Upward Communication

Could be from employees to manager / boss, job report, unsolved problem, suggestions or feelings

Horizontal Communication

Could be from student to student, between coworkers, task coordination, sharing info, problem-solving

Long-Term Orientation

Defer gratification in pursuit of long term goals

Low power distance

Differences in power are downplayed, employees are more comfortable approaching their superiors

Interest

Enlivens a presentation by making main points more vivid

Masculine Language

Example of a "genderlect", focuses more on information, facts, knowledge, and competence

Feminine Language

Example of a "genderlect", talk used to create connections, show support, build community

Task orientation

Focused on getting the job done, concerned with individual success

Co-Cultures

Groups that have a clear identity within the majority culture (ex: race, ethnicity, gender, regional affiliation)

Short-Term Orientation

Look for quick payoffs

Clarity

Makes complicated ideas more understandable

Collectivistic culture

Members of a group feel primary loyalty towards one another and the group they belong to

Nonverbal communication

Messages expressed without words, indicate a person's feelings and attitudes

Impromptu Presentations

Off the cuff, based on experience, no advanced planning or practice

Individualistic culture

People tend to put their own interests and those of immediate family ahead of social concerns, can achieve personal success

Name 3 types of noise

Physical, psychological, physiological

Low Context culture

Primarily uses language to express thoughts, feelings, ideas

Proof

Provides evidence for your claims and makes your presentation more convincing

The ___________ ___________ gives away the topic of the speech.

Purpose statement

High context culture

Relies heavily on subtle (often nonverbal) cues to convey meaning, save face, and maintain social harmony

Jargon

Specialized vocabulary, every profession has it

Memorized Presentations

Speech is memorized word for word

Manuscript Presentations

Speech is written word for word and read from a pre-written speech

Biased language

Terms that seem to be objective but actually conceal an emotional bias

Trigger words

Terms with strong emotional associations, can set off intense emotional reactions in listeners

Relational Communication

The way people regard one another, less direct than instrumental communication

Extemporaneous Presentations

Ultimate goal in public speaking, combines use of notes with embellishment in performance

Equivocal vs Unequivocal terms

Use UNequivocal terms to avoid misunderstandings (Equivocal terms are those with 2 different, but equally acceptable meanings)

High uncertainty avoidance

Value tradition and formal rules, less accepting to change

Paralanguage

Wide range of vocal characteristics help express an attitude

Disfluencies

Words such as "um, like, ya know, so", vocal fillers

The __________ ____________ capture's the audience's attention

attention getter

The ____________ ______________ gives the audience a reason to listen to your speech

audience motivation

High level abstraction

cover a broad range of possible subjects (I am going to the store)

The __________ _______________ establishes your qualifications in giving this speech

credibility statement

A person who is communicating effectively but not appropriately is _____________.

maximizing

A person who isn't communicating effectively or appropriately is ____________.

minimizing

A person who is communicating effectively and appropriately is _____________.

optimizing

Low level abstraction

specific, concrete statements (I am going to Kroger)

A person who is communicating appropriately but not effectively is ________________.

sufficing

The _______ gives an outline of the speech.

thesis statement

Culture

A learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms that affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people Learned, not innate Invisible to those not accustomed to a certain culture

Instrumental Communication

Accomplishes task at hand, very direct

High power distance

Attitude towards differences in authority, country accepts that power is unequally distributed, employees respect those in high positions