BUSMHR 2000 Chapter 4
The system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and when considered as a whole represent a design for living is called
culture
Stephen usually eats lunch with three of his co-workers and on the weekends he gets together with his college friends. The people Stephen interacts with represent two types of _____.
groups
The Hofstede dimension that looks at the relationship between gender and work roles is
masculinity vs. femininity
The set of shared beliefs followed by Catholics and those of the Jewish faith represent their individual _____.
religions
Energy Resources Ltd. does business in 50 countries around the world. The company stresses to all employees the importance of understanding the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. In other words, the company is aware of the importance of
Cross-cultural literacy
What are three of the determinants of culture? (Check all that apply.)
Economic philosophy, Social structure, Political philosophy
The orthodox Muslim is required to pray ________ times a day.
Five
Western society values _______ over ______.
Individuals; groups
As the guiding principle of Islam, the ______ actually promotes free enterprise and supports earning legitimate profits through commercial efforts.
Koran
Kate's grandmother was born in Belgium and she says she is Flemish. Anne's grandmother was also born in Belgium and she says she is French. In some areas of Belgium, all signs are in French and are not possible to read unless you know the French language. The same is true for other areas with all signs in Flemish. What is creating the divide between these two cultures?
Language
In a _______ culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated. (masculine or feminine?)
Masculine
Norms that are more widely observed within a society and have greater moral significance than folkways are called _____.
Mores
______ join the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation.
Nation-states
______ supply the standards and models for acceptable behavior in a society.
Norms
Hofstead's cultural dimensions
Original 4: * power distance * uncertainty avoidance * individualism v. collectivism * Masculinity v. femininity Fifth - inspired by Confucianism * Long-term v. Short-term orientation
A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.
Social Strata
______ is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.
Uncertainty avoidance
In the past, there has been a mutual lack of respect between upper management and working-class employees at British companies. This lack of respect was the result of the perception that those in upper management were a "step above" the employees. This perception was a reflection of _____.
class consciousness
Which ethical system is NOT concerned with the afterlife?
confucianism
Hindus believe in ______, the behaviors and responsibilities governing individual conduct.
dharma
The US economy is considered _____ because it is impacted by the philosophy of individualism.
dynamic
Monica asked her manager if appropriate dress for the meeting was business casual or traditional business. Monica is inquiring about the ______ associated with the meeting.
folkway
In a Confucian society, expensive lawyers would not be needed to resolve contract disputes because
importance is attached to honesty
The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is
individualism versus collectivism.
Social _____ refers to how difficult or easy it is for an individual to move out of the social strata into which they are born.
mobility
In the ______ dimension identified by Hofstede, the degree of power and wealth is not balanced within a country.
power distance
When an Islamic bank implements a mudarabah contract, it is similar to a _____ that might take place in the United States.
profit-sharing scheme
All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called social _____.
strata
True or False: While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.
true
The Koran characterizes the practice of charging interest as
unjust
In Westernized societies, freedom to choose is considered everyone's right. The idea of what is good and right is an example of a(n) _____.
value
As the result of criticism of his original work, Hofstede went on to expand his model with the addition of which dimension?
Long-term vs short-term orientation
/Buddhism/ has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for which two of the following?
* advocacy in extreme ascetic behavior. * support for the caste system.
The majority of Christians live in Europe and the Americas. However, Christianity is rapidly growing in ______.
Africa
The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is _____.
Buddhism
Max Weber attributed the relationship between the emergence of ______ and Protestantism to the value system of the religion.
Capitalism
The most rigid form of social stratification is the _____ system.
Caste
Which ideology has, as one of its /key/ beliefs, that honesty has major economic implications?
Confucianism
Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.
Culture
