By the people ch 8

) _____ refers to using text messaging to donate funds to a campaign. a. Text-to-donate b. Text campaigning c. Text-to-fund d. Dial-to-cash

a

A midterm _____ occurs when the party of the president loses seats in Congress during the midterm elections. a. loss b. win c. stalemate d. tie

a

A/An _____ refers to an automated phone call used to contact thousands of voters simultaneously; may feature a recorded message by the candidate or a popular party leader—or an attack on the opponent. a. robocall b. automated call c. voters call d. field call

a

Candidates for national office (presidency and Congress) spent approximately ___ on their campaigns in 2012. a. $6 billion b. $5 billion c. $4 billion d. $3 billion

a

Each state determines its own primary-election date through careful negotiation with the _____. a. national parties b. Senate majority leader c. Speaker of the House d. sitting president

a

General elections usually feature _____ debates between the nominees, as well as a vice presidential debate. a. three b. four c. two d. five

a

House members are chosen every _____ years. a. two b. four c. six d. eight

a

If we abolish _____, we could try to end partisan battles over House districts by asking neutral panels to draw the lines. a. gerrymandering b. negative campaigning c. pay-to-play schemes d. dark money

a

In 2016, the _____ primaries required proportional representation until mid-March when states could choose to allocate all their delegates to the outright winner (seven states did so) or to anyone who scored over 50 percent of the state and congressional districts. a. GOP b. Democratic c. Green Party d. Libertarian

a

Labor unions tend to financially back _____ (by a ten-to-one margin, in recent elections). a. Democrats b. Republicans c. Libertarians d. Independent candidates

a

PACs may legally contribute _____ per election cycle to any one candidate (the primary and the general election are considered different cycles effectively raising the limit to_____). a. $5,000; $10,000 b. $7,5000; $15,000 c. $10,000; $20,000 d. $12,500; $25,000

a

Political scientist Samuel Popkin argues that a strong campaign _____ can be a decisive factor in whether campaigns thrive or founder. a. chief of staff b. press secretary c. spokesperson d. strategist

a

The last president to come directly out of the House of Representatives was _____. a. Andrew Jackson b. Lyndon B. Johnson c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Dwight D. Eisenhower

a

When running for the office of the presidency, _____ have the best record. a. vice presidents b. governors c. senators d. members of the House of Representatives

a

Why do Iowa and New Hampshire get the first crack at deciding each party's presidential nominee? a. State officials are empowered to decide their own election calendars—with the consent of the two parties. b. Congress established this in 1792. c. The citizens of these two states voted this into law. d. There was a lottery to decide the order of primaries in 1952

a

Women won the vote in _____ in 1890; but in _____, they waited another thirty years. a. Wyoming; New York b. New York; Illinois c. California; New York d. New York; California

a

_____ is a technique for redrawing district lines in which like-minded voters are spread out so that they form a minority in many districts. a. "Cracking" b. Reapportioning c. Gerrymandering d. "Packing"

a

_____ is the constitutional clause that delegates control of elections to the state governments. a. Time, place, and manner clause b. Time and place clause c. Time clause d. Election clause

a

_____ is the date on the primary calendar when the most states hold primaries and caucuses on the same day. a. Super Tuesday b. Super Election Day c. Super Primaries and Caucuses Day d. none of the above

a

_____ refers to a system under which the winning candidate receives all the delegates for that state. a. Winner-take-all b. Proportional representation c. Demographic divide d. Basket balloting

a

_____ states elect judges (87 percent of all state judges). a. 39 b. 34 c. 41 d. 29

a

A _____ may broadcast, "Senator Jones is a tree killer who hates the environment," but not "Vote against Senator Jones." a. 437 group b. 527 group c. PAC d. Super PAC

b

A/An _____ is a boost in the polls that lasts from a few days to several weeks. a. electoral spike b. electoral bounce c. primary push d. poll bump

b

Conducting research on the opposition to identify weakness is called _____. a. oppo b. "black ops c. black bagging d. digging dirt

b

In _____, the Supreme Court struck down laws limiting "independent" political spending by corporations and unions. a. McCullough v. Maryland b. Citizens United v. FEC c. Madison v. Marbury d. McCutcheon v. FCC

b

It typically costs over _____ to win an average House race. a. $1 million b. $1.7 million c. $2 million d. $3 million

b

On the first _____ after the first Monday in November of every even-numbered year, we elect all House members and a third of the Senate. a. Monday b. Tuesday c. Wednesday d. Thursday

b

Onetime candidate Morris "Mo" Udall, who ran in 1976 said afterward, "You have to be _____ to run for president." a. filled with fear and arrogance b. a little crazy c. enormously talented d. morally ambiguous

b

Presidential elections occur every _____ years. a. two b. four c. six d. eight

b

Since 1976, _____ have won the office of president most often. a. senators b. governors c. representatives d. businessmen

b

Since 1976, four out of our seven presidents were _____ first. a. vice presidents b. governors c. senators d. members of the House of Representatives

b

Some industries—like oil and gas companies—largely support _____ candidates. a. Democrats b. Republicans c. Libertarians d. Independent candidates

b

The Supreme Court in Citizens United reaffirmed the argument that _____ contributions to campaigns are protected as a form of free speech. a. lobbyist b. corporate c. individual d. coalition

b

The Supreme Court's ruling in _____ effectively ended limits on the aggregate amount any person may donate to a political campaign. a. McCullough v. Maryland b. McCutcheon v. FCC c. Madison v. Marbury d. Citizens United versus FEC

b

The first stage of a presidential campaign consists of the ______. a. party conventions b. nominating process c. primaries d. general election

b

Two elements of successful congressional campaign strategies are vital: _____ and connecting with voters. a. destroying the opposition's reputation b. building a coalition of supporters c. having a team of financial experts d. hiring a media specialist

b

Which states have the first two presidential caucuses and primary contests every four years? a. Idaho and California b. Iowa and New Hampshire c. New Hampshire and Connecticut d. New York and Maryland

b

_____ have generally employed a system of proportional representation, allocating delegates based on the proportion of the vote a candidate wins. a. Libertarians b. Democrats c. Republicans d. Both b. and c

b

_____ refers to a seat in Congress without an incumbent running for reelection. a. Vacancy seat b. Open seat c. Incumbent opening seat d. Congressional seat

b

_____ refers to the reorganization of the boundaries of House districts, a process that follows the results of the U.S. census, taken every ten years. a. "Cracking" b. Reapportionment c. Gerrymandering d. "Packing"

b

_____ refers to the tendency for members of Congress to win reelection in overwhelming numbers. a. Nepotism advantage b. Incumbency advantage c. Insider advantage d. none of the above

b

Candidates sometimes bring celebrities to campaign gatherings to _____. a. bolster negative campaigning b. build name recognition c. assist with retail campaigning d. piggyback on their social media following

b*

A system of _____ allocates delegates based on the proportion of the vote a candidate wins. a. winner-take-all b. demographics c. proportional representation d. none of the above

c

Barack Obama was the first _____ in forty-eight years to win a presidential race. a. vice president b. governor c. senator d. member of the House of Representatives

c

Convincing colleagues and friends to donate at or near the maximum amount of $2,700 to an individual candidate and then delivering all the checks together is a classic example of _____. a. cracking b. packing c. bundling d. stuffing

c

If we forbid anonymous donations of _____ the public would know exactly who is funding the oppo shop. a. "negative campaigning" b. "dark money" c. "dirty money" d. "pay-to-play cash"

c

More ambitious reformers call for publicly financed elections, in which _____ provides equal funding to each candidate and allows relatively small donations from the public, typically under $200. a. the corporate sector b. the private sector c. the government d. the special interests sector

c

Polls consistently show overwhelming majorities want to reduce the role of _____ in U.S. elections. a. mud-slinging b. scandal c. money d. character

c

Presidential candidate _____ had a whiteboard displaying a reminder to campaign staffers: "The Economy, Stupid." a. George H. W. Bush b. George W. Bush c. Bill Clinton d. Ronald Reagan

c

Prior to 2016, _____ used a winner-take-all system, under which the winning candidate receives all the delegates for that state. a. Libertarians b. Democrats c. Republicans d. both b and c

c

Senators are chosen every _____ years. a. two b. four c. six d. eight

c

The _____ team refers to campaign staffers who arrive at major event sites (e.g., for an announcement speech) a day or more ahead of time, to organize the site and build crowds. a. campaign staffers b. motivational c. advance d. prep

c

The second stage of a presidential campaign consists of the ______. a. primaries b. general election c. party conventions d. nominating process

c

The sociologist C. Wright Mills noted long ago that House and Senate races represent the _____ in America. a. "upper levels of power" b. "lower levels of power" c. "middle levels of power" d. "middle-to-upper levels of power"

c

When running for the office of the presidency, _____ usually lose. a. vice presidents b. governors c. senators d. none of the above

c

____ is a form of fundraising in which an individual persuades others to donate large amounts that are then delivered together to a candidate or campaign. a. Packing b. Cracking c. Bundling d. Stuffing

c

_____ is/are a possible way to prevent elected individuals from amassing an undue amount of political control over time. a. Prohibiting negative campaigning b. Campaign finance c. Term limits d. Contribution limits

c

_____ may raise unlimited sums from virtually any source—business firms, unions, or individuals—and spend as much as they like to openly support or oppose political candidates. a. 437 groups b. PACs c. Super PACs d. 527 groups

c

_____ occurs when an election district is redrawn in a way that gives the advantage to the party in control of the state legislature. a. "Cracking" b. Reapportionment c. Gerrymander d. "Packing"

c

_____ refers to an advantage possessed by a well-known political figure, a political celebrity. a. Political capital b. Political cache c. Name recognition d. Celebrity status

c

_____ refers to attracting supporters or votes in the hundreds or thousands all at once through a speech, targeted advertisement, or robocalls. a. Individual campaigning b. Door-to-door campaigning c. Retail campaigning d. Wholesale campaigning

c

A _____ is an organization of at least fifty people, affiliated with an interest group that is permitted to make contributions to candidates for federal office. a. campaign trust committee b. political trust committee c. super political action committee (PAC) d. political action committee (PAC)

d

Conventional political wisdom holds that candidates must run more to the _____ to capture the nomination and then move to the _____ for the general election. a. extreme; middle b. right; left c. left; right d. extreme; middle

d

Studies generally show that _____ is the best way to earn votes. a. television advertising b. advertising through social media c. calling someone on the phone d. knocking on someone's door

d

The Institute for Justice and the American Civil Liberties Union argue that donating to campaigns is a form of _____. a. political manipulation b. political expression c. protected speech d. free speech

d

The third stage of a presidential campaign consists of the ______. a. party conventions b. primaries c. nominating process d. general election

d

To run for Congress, you will need a substantial amount of money, which will be used for _____. a. TV/radio/print advertising b. staff salaries c. yard signs d. all of the above

d

Which factor contributes to winning a congressional election? a. money b. organization c. strategy and message d. all of the above

d

____ is a technique for redrawing district lines in which all the like-minded voters are placed into one district. a. "Cracking" b. Reapportioning c. Gerrymandering d. "Packing"

d

_____ elections are those held between presidential elections, involving all seats in the House of Representatives, one-third of those in the Senate, thirty-six governorships, and other positions. a. County b. Local c. State d. Midterm

d

_____ refers to a long list of potential donors that candidates must phone. a. Donor list b. Green list c. Potential hit list d. Call list

d