BYUH Physics online
Gas EMITS light when it is energized by electricity (Thomson's experiment). The light occurs because an electron...
"jumps" from a higher energy level down to a lower energy level from a higher energy level.
What percentage of parent atoms is still left in the granite intrusion?
%65
What percentage of the parent atoms are still left in the basalt dike?
%80
If you apply 10 N of force to a square meter surface that is pushing against a bounded fluid, what would be the total force on an opposite surface that is 10 square meters?
100 N
How deep was the deepest hole ever drilled?
12 km
A hot air balloon rising straight up at a constant speed.
1st law
A submarine falling straight towards the ocean bottom at a constant speed.
1st law
Describing the motion of a bench in the park.
1st law
Which of the following chemical equations is balanced?
2 C + O2 → 2 CO
What is the velocity of two balls after they collide and combine if the first ball has a mass of 2 and a velocity of 5 while the second ball has a mass of 3 and 0 velocity at the time that they collide?
2.0 (with margin: 0.0)
What is the age of the granite intrusion?
2.925 billion years ago
A marathon runner speeding up just before crossing the finish line.
2nd law
An airplane circling the airport at a constant speed while waiting to land.
2nd law
Speed of light in a vacuum.
300,000,000 km/s
What is the age of the basaltic dike?
390 million years
Which of the following orbitals will have the highest energy electrons?
3d
Which of the following orbitals will have the highest energy electrons?
3p
Comparing all forces that arise when a book sits on a table.
3rd law
Comparing the forces responsible for accelerating a bullet and the recoil of a gun.
3rd law
Describing the forces created when two boxers' gloves come in contact.
3rd law
What orbital has the highest electron level in sodium (Na)?
3s
When did the Earth form?
4.5 billion years ago
Based on PHYSICAL properties, how many layers does the Earth have?
5
Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. If a mineral has 200 uranium atoms when it first forms, then how many of these atoms would be left after 9 billion years? Correct!
50
One ocean wave has a height of 2 m. A second ocean wave has a height of 4 m. If the two waves meet and cross each other, what will be the height of the wave that they form at the point where they cross?
6 m
Rivers are partly responsible for the formation of...
Clastic sedimentary rocks
The thicker and less dense part of the Earth's crust and the bulk of Earth's land masses is:
Continental crust
Period of the basaltic dike
Devonian
What is illustrated here?
Diffraction
Which of the following is not a physical property of matter?
Doppler Effect
What does this figure represent?
Doppler effect
Match the phases of Earth's formation with the order of when they occurred
Early solar system consists mostly of dust, ice, and gas. -----FIRST Under gravity, small pieces of rock coalesced into larger masses. -----SECOND Large quantities of rock formed a planitesmal (young planet). ------THIRD Another planet called Theia collided with the Earth, forming the moon. -------FOURTH
What is the cause of this light pattern? (choose all that apply)
GOT A 2/4 Frequency Diffraction Interference
Which of the following illustrates the radiation type of heat transfer process? (Choose all that apply)
Getting a sunburn. Microwaving a burrito
Who proposed the idea of "seafloor spreading?"
Harry Hess
Angular momentum depends on which of the following? (choose all that apply)
How fast it's moving. The mass of the object. How far it is from the center of its orbit.
angular momentum depends on which of the following? (choose all that apply)
How fast it's moving. The mass of the object. How far it is from the center of its orbit.
Which of the following is most likely to have a crystalline structure?
Rocks
What is the geometric shape of a silicate molecule?
Tetrahedron
Where is the magnetic field of the Earth produced?
The Earth's core
What layer of the Earth is made up of "plates."
The Lithosphere
When an astronaut travels to the moon, which characteristic remains the same? (choose all that apply)
The astronaut's mass.
If a large bucket of water and a small bucket of water have the same temperature,
The average energy is the same in both buckets.
At which point along its path is this cannonball experiencing acceleration?
The ball is accelerating the whole time.
If two objects of the same volume are completely submerged into a fluid.
The buoyant force is the same for each object.
What causes gas pressure?
The collision of gas molecules against the sides of the surface of an object in contact with the gas.
What is electricity?
The flow of electrons.
Why doesn't the moon fall out of the sky and crash into Earth?
The moon is falling, but it is moving too fast to hit the Earth.
If an object is moving in constant, unchanging, motion, which of the following must be true?
The net force on the object is zero.
What is an electron orbital?
The statistical region where an electron is most likely to be found.
When an object is acted upon by a single, constant unbalanced force (or pair of forces) then...
The total force on the object is zero.
In convection currents, warmer air rises and cooler air descends. Which of the following is correct?
The warmer air has a lower density than the cooler air which it displaces.
Why are the leaves of palm trees green?
They absorb all wavelengths of light except green.
A baseball player throws a baseball horizontally at 100 mph. You drop a penny at the exact same height immediately after the ball leaves the baseball player's hand. Assuming air friction is negligible (i.e. there is no air resistance), which of the following is true?
They both hit the ground at the same time.
In this figure, what do electrons do if they move from the n=4 levels to the n=3 levels?
They release one photon
Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model of the atom?
Thompson
A chemical reaction usually goes faster at higher temperatures.
True
Continuous spectra have no breaks in their color spectra.
True
Electric currents exert forces on permanent magnets (such as compass needles).
True
Electrons in the orbitals in the higher-numbered shells have more energy than electrons in the lower-numbered shells.
True
Energy is the capacity to exert force upon a mass.
True
Friction comes from electromagnetic forces
True
If you apply a force over a larger area, the pressure decreases.
True
Inertia is the tendency of mass to resist changes in motion.
True
Meteorites help us to understand the inside of the Earth.
True
Molecules and atoms, even in solids, are in constant motion.
True
Pressure in a hot tire is greater than the pressure when the tire is cold.
True
Sound waves can be used to study the inside of the Earth.
True
The Mesosphere is thicker than the Asthenosphere
True
The color of a hot object is related to its temperature.
True
The deeper into Earth's center one goes, the more dense rock becomes.
True
The force of gravity decreases between objects as they get farther away from each other.
True
Transverse waves have a side to side or up and down motion.
True
Your acceleration around the sun is much higher than the Earth's acceleration around the sun.
True
Which of the following most likely contributed to the formation of the Earth's oceans? (choose all that apply)
Volcanoes Comets
What part of the Pacific Ocean is the oldest?
Western Pacific near Asia
A rock is thrown from a very high cliff. When is the force of gravity WEAKEST on a rock?
When it is at the top of the cliff.
Which of the following can form a diffraction pattern in a double-slit experiment? (choose all that apply)
X-rays Infrared light Electrons Visible light
Is this ball accelerating?
Yes
Which of the following processes does not produce a change in state or phase?
a falling object
Work is always done on an object when...
a force moves the object through a distance in the direction of the force
Work is always done on an object when...
a force moves the object through a distance in the direction of the force.
If an electron moves from the 3p to the 2s level in an atom, then...
a photon will be emitted
The quantum model depicts the electron around the nucleus as...
a standing wave.
Match the letters in the figure with the correct label.
a- amplitude b- wavelength
When an electron gains energy from a photon and moves to a higher energy level.
absorption
When you are riding a merry-go-round at an constant speed, you are experiencing...
accelerated motion.
Rate of change of velocity per unit time.
acceleration
The energy needed to break atomic bonds so that the atoms form new molecules.
activation energy
An electrical conductor is a material that...
allows electrons to move freely
Emission occurs when...
an electron gives off a photon of light.
A = Mvr
angular momentum
A spinning ice skater is applying conservation of...
angular momentum
Solid and Plastic
asthenosphere
The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
atomic mass
plasma
atomic nucleic that are so energetic they have lost their electrons
Solid
atoms moving but staying in the same place relative to each other
liquid
atoms that flow easily but are still attracted to each other by weak bonds
If an object has kinetic energy, then it must...
be moving.
f an object has kinetic energy, then it must...
be moving.
The continuous motion of microscopic particles, such as dust.
brownian motion
Equals the weight of the displaced fluid.
buoyant force
Which series below, made by taking pictures of a moving car at one-second intervals, shows a car experiencing an acceleration? (choose all that apply)
car D & C
A ________ lowers the activation energy and speeds up the reaction but is not itself consumed in the reaction.
catalyst
A _________________ lowers the activation energy and speeds up the reaction but is not itself consumed in the reaction.
catalyst
The reason that when you push on a wall, the wall pushes back is because...
charged particles in your hand push against similar charged particles in the wall.
How often atoms collide.
collision rate
Energy is passed from particle to particle.
conduction
Energy transfer due to collision of particles.
conduction
Material that allows electrons to flow through it
conductor
In any process or reaction, the total mass is always conserved.
conservation of mass
Iron, Nickel, Sulfur
core
From the center to surface, the compositional (chemically distinct) layers of Earth are
core, mantle, crust
The strongest chemical bond.
covalent bond
Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons?
covalent bonding
Atoms organized into a distinct structure.
crystalline
Mass divided by volume
density
Which of the following is most likely to explain locations in an auditorium where sound becomes quieter, even though it has a normal volume in other parts of the auditorium.
destructive interference
What do we call the bending of a wave as it passes through a narrow opening?
diffraction
Pattern produced with light passes through two slits.
diffraction pattern
Range of colored light with breaks in it.
discontinuous spectra
What is the final spin direction of the last electron in Argon (Ar)?
down
Energy due to the attraction or repulsion of charged particles.
electrical energy
A negatively-charged particle
electron
Negatively-charged particles.
electrons
When a glass rod is rubbed with rubber, the rod becomes positively charged. This is because...
electrons are transferred from glass to rubber.
A wave that moves with a rolling motion.
energy
An object's capacity to change.
energy
A measure of disorder.
entropy
The lowest energy state of a system.
equilibrium
A magnetometer is used to measure the gravitational strength of the whole Earth.
false
A waterfall has higher entropy than water in a bath tub.
false
Bonds that involve two atoms with different charges that are attracted to each other are called covalent bonds.
false
Electrons travel as particles.
false
In the image above the canyon (G) was cut by the river before the limestone (D) was deposited.
false
In the image above the granite intrusion (A) is older than the conglomerate (C).
false
Metals that are attracted to a magnet.
ferromagnetic
What is the name of metals that are attracted by magnets?
ferromagnetic
Anything that flows.
fluid
A push or pull.
force
The number of wave peaks that pass a point in space per second.
frequency
What part of a wave decreases if you increase wavelength of a wave?
frequency
The higher the density of reactants the _____________ the rate of formation of products.
higher
A ball is thrown upward. While it is moving upward after it is released, the ball's acceleration is...(choose all that apply)
in the downward direction & Negative
A chemical reaction that occurs spontaneously ____________ the disorder in the Universe.
increases
An object's resistance to change.
inertia
Non-conductor
insulator
What do we call the process when waves add or subtract from each other?
interference
Match the following with the description that best fits it.
ion- an atom that has lost or gained ands electron Proton- atomic number of an atom based on the number of these Electron-this is not found in the nucleus of an atom
Mantle
iron, magnesium, silica
Two atoms held together by attraction of opposite charges.
ironic bond
Processes that move spontaneously only in one direction.
irreversible
A fault that cuts through a group of sedimentary rock layers...
is younger than the layers.
What happens to the kinetic energy of the air inside a tire when you pump it up?
it increases
When an astronaut is in the space station, the astronaut's weight is...
less than his weight on Earth.
Mass multiplied by velocity
linear momentum
Atoms are weakly attracted to each other, but can still move freely.
liquid
Outer Core
liquid
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral? (Choose all that apply)
liquid Organic Man-made
Put the following states or phases in order from highest energy (1) to lowest energy (4). Correct!
liquid- 3 solid-4 plasma-1 gas-2
What type of wave is illustrated here by the back and forth movement of the particles?
longitudinal
The amplitude of a sound wave is a physical quantity that determines the...
loudness.
A moving charge produces a...
magnetic field
Rubbing a balloon on your head is an example of conservation of...(choose all that apply)
mass charge
Era of the granitic intrusion
meso-archaen
Random arrangement of atoms.
mixture
Two atoms bonded together.
molecule
Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom (check all that apply)?
neutron proton
Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms.
nuclear energy
A substance produced by a living process.
organic
Which part of the Earth's core is liquid?
outer core
The model of light supported by the photoelectric effect (photons of light ejecting electrons from a metal) supports which of the following models?
particle model
What is it called when electrons are ejected from a metal that light is shining on?
photoelectric effect
Particle of light.
photon
Stored energy.
potential energy
A measurement of the collision of air molecules in your bicycle tire.
pressure
The force on an object divided by the area over which the force is applied.
pressure
Match the following with their proper charge.
proton- postive neutron- neutral electron-negative
Positively-charged particles.
protons
The amount of energy used to determine the distance an electron orbits a nucleus.
quantum
Energy travels across a distance, on its own.
radiation
Which of the following has the lowest energy?
radio waves
Which of the following waves reaches the highest the amplitude?
red
When a wave changes direction as it moves from one density to another density.
refraction
Creates rainbows.
refraction of light
In physical science, a conserved quantity...
remains constant through time.
Overall disorder remains unchanged in a/an...
reversible processes.
Igneous
rocks formed by crystallization from hot melted rock
Metamorphic
rocks formed by transformation from other rocks due to heat and pressure but without melting
Sedimentary
rocks formed by weathering and erosion or precipitation from water
A small boat floats higher in salt water than fresh water because
salt water is denser than fresh water.
Electron energy levels.
shells
Which of the following are best used for fossil correlation?
shells
The most common group of minerals in the Earth's crust.
silicates
What is the main source of energy that drives the water cycle?
solar heating
Inner core
solid
Mesophere
solid
Listhosphere
solid and brittle
For nearly all substances, the motion of atoms INCREASES in which order?
solid, liquid, gas
Physical states of matter.
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Objects that have been agreed upon for everyone to use the same values or measurements.
standards
A wave with a crests and troughs that stay in the same location.
standing wave
Which of the following are ways that nebulae form? (choose all that apply)
supernova of stars
If you are analyzing a refrigerator in relationship to its surroundings, what would the fridge be considered?
system
When the air resistance of a falling object equals the force of the pull of gravity.
terminal velocity
The wavelength of red light (700 nanometers) is longer than the wavelength of violet light (400 nanometers). Which of the following statements is true? (choose all that apply)
the red light and the violet light travel at the same speed. The violet light has the highest frequency.
When an astronaut is in the space station, the astronaut's mass is..
the same as his mass on Earth.
When an astronaut is in the space station, the astronaut's mass is...
the same as his mass on Earth.
While riding your bicycle you collide head-on with a moving car. The force you feel from the car is...
the same that you apply to the car
Buoyant force does NOT depend on...
the shape of the object.
If a block of wood floats with half its volume submerged,
the weight of the block is the same as that of the displaced water.
Which of the following is a type of internal, kinetic energy?
thermal
Of the quantities listed, the one associated with the most disorder is...
thermal energy.
If a feather and a brick are dropped at the same height in a vacuum, then
they hit at the same time
As you dribble a basketball, which of the following quantities is/are conserved?
total energy
The lowest point of a wave.
trough
A reaction usually goes faster at higher temperatures.
true
Both electrons and photons have wave-particle duality.
true
Brownian motion is caused by atoms and molecules colliding with larger particles such as dust or smoke.
true
Earthquake waves are used, much like an ultrasound, to see the inside of the Earth.
true
In contrast to metallic bonding, the electrons in ionic bonding stay attached to each ion.
true
In metallic bonding electrons can move freely between any atom in the metal.
true
In the image above the basaltic dike (B) is younger than the granite intrusion (A).
true
In the image above the sandstone (F) is older than the conglomerate (C).
true
Most tectonic plates consist of both oceanic and continental material.
true
Niels Bohr though that electrons orbited in 3-dimensional, circular orbits around a central nucleus.
true
Oil and gas companies use sound waves to look for oil and gas inside of the Earth.
true
Rocks are often composed of minerals.
true
Surface waves are surface expressions of only longitudinal waves.
true
The total entropy of the universe is always increasing.
true
How fast or slow an object moves.
velocity
Resistance to flow.
viscosity
Interference patterns created by the double-slit experiment show that light has...
wave properties
The force of gravity on a object.
weight
When is the force of gravity GREATEST on the rock?
when it is resting on the ground after its fall.
Gas
whole atoms that move completely freely
Moving an object some distance.
work
In comparing the absolute ages of the granitic intrusion and the basaltic dike, do they make sense compared to the relative ages of the granitic intrusion and the basaltic dike?
yes
If you're skateboarding downhill, which of the following must be true? (choose all that apply)
your potential energy decreases. your kinetic energy increases.
Why is grass green?
It absorbs all colors except green.
Two objects with opposite charges are brought closer together. What happens to the electrical potential energy between them?
It decreases.
Why does the moon not fall out of the sky?
It is falling, but falling too fast to hit the Earth.
What happens to the sound emitted from a radio as it moves TOWARDS you? (choose all that apply)
Its frequence would increase. Its wavelength would decrease. Its amplitude would increase.
What happens to the sound emitted from a radio as it moves TOWARDS you?
Its wavelength decreases.
What happens to the sound emitted from a radio as it MOVES AWAY from you? (choose all that apply)
Its wavelength would increase. Its frequency would decrease. Its amplitude would decrease.
How large was the planet that collided with the Earth to form the moon thought to be?
Mars-sized
Which of the following illustrates the radiation type of heat transfer process? (Choose all that apply)
Melting cheese in a microwave. Heat from the sun warming the beach.
What is the name of the fossil reptile, whose fossils have been found in both Africa and South America?
Mesosaurus
During which era did the dinosaurs rule the Earth?
Mesozoic
What does malleability mean?
Metals can be easily reshaped.
Which of the following chemical equations is balanced?
Mg + F2 → MgF2
Which of the following equations is balanced?
Mg + F2 → MgF2
Why do individual electron orbitals look the way that they do?
NOT We don't know.
What is true about this wave? (choose all that apply)
NOT THESE The wavelength changes The amplitude varies
As you drive down the highway, a bug collides with your windshield. What type of acceleration does your car experience?
Negative acceleration.
F=ma
Newton's Second Law
Which law states that for every force there is an equal and opposite force?
Newton's Third Law
An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest.
Newtons 1st law
This figure represents a microscopic view of a metal. Is this metal magnetized or non-magnetized?
Non-magnetized.
What happens if you bring a magnet near a balloon that was rubbed on someone's hair?
Nothing will happen.
Which of the following is NOT a compound?
Oxygen -- O_2
If you drop a basketball, which of the following quantities is/are conserved. (Choose all that apply)
PARTIAL CREDIT Energy
Era of the basaltic dike
Paleozoic
When pressure is applied to a bounded fluid, that pressure is applied equally throughout the whole fluid. This is called...
Pascal's Principle
In which of the following will sound or earthquake waves travel fastest?
Peridotite
Which of the following is used in absolute dating? (choose all that apply)
Radiometric Dating Dendrochronology
Which of the following represents a plasma?
Bottom right image
Electric force becomes stronger if the charged objects are moved farther apart.
False
For a given material, the solid state has a higher, internal, kinetic energy than the gaseous state.
False
Friction is not a result of repelling forces between the electrons of atoms.
False
Inertia is a force.
False
Soft, diffuse, shadows prove that light does not diffract and is therefore a particle.
False
The nucleus of an atom occupies more than half of the atom's volume.
False
How is the electromagnetic force similar to the force of gravity?
For both, the size of the force increases as objects are moved closer together.
What causes the S-wave shadow zone?
Shear waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core.
Which of the following is used in relative dating? (check all that apply)
Superposition Cross-cutting Relationships
Much of the water that makes up the Earth's oceans was released from the interior of the Earth during its formation by volcanoes.
TRUE
Refraction makes a rainbow.
TRUE
Which of the following has the highest viscosity?
Tar
Which of the following is NOT a mineral? (choose all that apply)
Teeth Liquid water
Using the image above, put all of the rock formations in order from oldest (1) to youngest (7). The geologic units and features identified above are: A - Granite Intrusion; B - Basaltic Dike; C - Conglomerate; D - Limestone; E - Shale; F - Sandstone; G - The Canyon.
1 - Oldest sandstone 2 -conglomerate 3 -granite intrusion 4 -basaltic dike 5 -shale 6 limestone 7 - Youngest - erosion of canyon
A moon rock contains an equal amount of uranium-238 and its daughter isotope (lead-206). How may half-lives have gone by since the rock solidified?
1 half life
What is the Half-live Multiplication Factor of the basaltic dike (B)
0.3
What is the Half-life Multiplication Factor of the Granite Instrusion (A)
0.65
How many orbitals does helium (He) have?
1
If sound waves behaved like particle waves and 20 people were listening to a speech, then how many of them would be able to hear the speech?
1
Use the image below to answer this question: If an electron at n=3 emits two photons, then what will be its energy/quantum level?
1
Which Newton's law of motion is most apparent in this scenario:
A boat gliding through the water on a lake at constant speed in a straight line.
Which is an example of conservation of momentum?
A cue ball colliding with another billiard ball
Which is an example of conservation of momentum?
A cue ball colliding with another billiard ball.
electrons passing one at a time through a two-slit apparatus strike a screen. The resulting pattern on the screen after many electrons have struck the screen is
A pattern of bands where electrons hit separated by areas where no electrons hit.e
Which of the following is a closest to an ideal reversible process?
A pendulum swinging in a frictionless environment.
The shape of a s-orbital most closely resembles that of...
A sphere
Match the figures with whether or not their is high or low potential energy.
A-Low potential energy B- High Potential energy C- High Potential Energy D-Low potential energy
Who first proposed the Theory of Continental Drift?
Alfred Wegener
What is a tree mostly made up of?
Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a way to change the gravitational kinetic energy of a falling object in a vacuum?
Change its volume.
Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent bonding
What is the name of the organism that changed the atmosphere of the Earth from carbon dioxide-rich to oxygen-rich?
Cyanobacteria
Which of the following is a property that results from metallic bonding?
Electrically conductive
Use the image below to answer this question: If an electron moves from n=4 to n=2, does the atom emit a photon or absorb a photon?
Emit.
About how often does the Earth's magnetic field switch from north to south?
Every 400,000 years
Which of the following is an example of refraction?
Eyeglasses correcting a person's vision.
Basalt and Granite rocks are...
Igneous rocks
What do we call the process when waves add or subtract from each other?
Interference
One night Mia looks at a street light through the screen of her window. She sees light streaks extending outward from the central, bright spot of the light. These streaks consist of a series of light and dark spaces. When the same light is viewed without looking through a screen no streaks are seen. The presence and pattern of the streaks are due to...(choose all that apply)
Interference Diffraction
Which experiment shows light to be a wave?
Interference pattern created by the double-slit experiment.
What is the core of the Earth mostly made of?
Iron and Nickel
Which of the following is NOT part of the Earth's core?
Magnesium
What do we call it when waves change direction as they pass from one density into another, such as from air into water?
Refraction
What makes a ferromaterial magnetic?
Regions of magnetism within a material allign in a single direction.
What do we call the branch of science that helps us to understand the inside of the Earth?
Seismology
In what model would electrons be able to orbit at ANY distance from the nucleus?
Rutherford or "solar system" model
Neither sugar nor salt conduct electricity when they are in the solid state. Salt, however, does conduct electricity as a liquid while sugar does not. In classifying these materials we say that... (choose all that apply)
Salt is an ionic material. Sugar is a non-ionic material.
What do we call a wave whose crests and troughs do not move, but stay in the same place?
Standing wave
What are these structures called?
Stromatolites
As David swings his sling through the air and before he releases it, what is the direction of acceleration on the stone in the sling?
Toward David's hand (the center of the spinning).
The black circle represents the motion path of an object. There are vectors representing velocity (red) and acceleration (blue). What must be the direction of the force on this object?
Towards the center of the circle
The black circle represents the motion path of an object. There are vectors representing velocity (red) and acceleration (blue). What must be the direction of the force on this object?
Towards the center of the circle.
