Carbohydrates CK12

starches

Complex carbohydrates that are composed of a mixture of amylose and amylopectin

amylases

Digestive enzymes that converts the starch into maltose in our digestive system.

polysaccharides/complex carbohydrates

Long carbohydrate molecules of repeated monomer units joined together by glycosidic bonds

glycoproteins/glycolipids

Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.

isomers

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

disaccharide

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

glycosidic bond

A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in which a carbohydrate binds to another group, which could also be a carbohydrate. A glycosidic bond is found between the two glucose molecules in maltose.

oligosaccharide

A saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten) of monosaccharides. They are found attached to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins or to lipids

monosaccharide

A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.

condensation reaction

a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule

hydrolysis reactions

catabolic reactions that break down substrates into small molecules; requires the input of water to break bonds

Glycogen

made primarily by the liver and the muscles; long term energy storage in animals; the animal equivalent of starch.