Carbohydrates CK12
starches
Complex carbohydrates that are composed of a mixture of amylose and amylopectin
amylases
Digestive enzymes that converts the starch into maltose in our digestive system.
polysaccharides/complex carbohydrates
Long carbohydrate molecules of repeated monomer units joined together by glycosidic bonds
glycoproteins/glycolipids
Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.
isomers
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
disaccharide
A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
glycosidic bond
A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in which a carbohydrate binds to another group, which could also be a carbohydrate. A glycosidic bond is found between the two glucose molecules in maltose.
oligosaccharide
A saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten) of monosaccharides. They are found attached to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins or to lipids
monosaccharide
A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
condensation reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
hydrolysis reactions
catabolic reactions that break down substrates into small molecules; requires the input of water to break bonds
Glycogen
made primarily by the liver and the muscles; long term energy storage in animals; the animal equivalent of starch.