Cardiovascular Disease
3rd Stage of Atherosclerosis formation
-White blood cells & Lipids build up from the blood under Endotherlium forming fatty streaks -This also seen as the WHITE BLOOD CELLS ingesting the LDL and turning into FOAM CELLS which create fatty streaks
Formation of Blood Clots
1) Atheroma can RURPURE endothelium of ARTEY damaging its wall & Leaving it with rough surface 2) Triggers THROMBOSIS (blood clotting) - a blood clot forms at the site of the rupture 3) This blood clot can form complete blockage of artery or become DISLODGED and block a blood vessel somewhere else in body. 4)Blood flows to TISSUES supplied by the blocked blood vessel will be severely restricted so LESS O2 reach those tissues resulting in damage. 5) HEART ATTACKS, STROKE and DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS 3 forms CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE that can be caused by blood clots
Perception of risks and how different from an Actual risk?
1) Defined as: chance of something unfavourable happening 2) The statistical chance of something unfavourable happening is supped by scientific research. 3) Peoples perception of risk maybe different from the actual risk -They may underestimate the risk- may believe things to be greater risk then are (EG they may have known someone who smoked and died from CVD therefore think that if you smoke you will due) -May believe there's a lower risk then there is due to lack of info making them unaware of the factors that contribute to diseases likeCVD
How do blood clots cause Heart Attacks?
1) Heart muscle supplies with blood by the Coronary Arteries giving it o2 2) This o2 containing blood need by heart muscle cell to carry out respiration 3) If coronary artery become completely blocked by blood clots an area of heart muscle will be cut off from blood supply so won't get enough o2 4) This causes a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ( heart attack) 5) A heart attack can cause damage and death of the heart muscle 6) Symptoms include pain in the chest and upper body shortness of breath and sweating 7) Heart attack can cause damage and death of heart attack
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
1) Is another type od CVD 2) its when coronary artery had lots atheroma in them which restrict blood flow to heart. 3) the atheroma also increases blood clot forming risks leading to increased risk heart attack
What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?
1) Is formation of blood clot in vein deep inside body (Usually leg vein) 2) It can be caused by prolonged inactivity (EG during long haul flights and risk increases with age
Formation of BLOOD CLOT
1) Protein called Thromboplastin is released from the damaged blood vessel 2) Thromboplastin triggers the conversion of prothrombin (soluble protein) into thrombin ( Enzyme) 3) Thrombin then catalyses the conversion FIBRINOGEN (soluble protein) to fibrin (solid insoluble fibres) 4) The Fibrin fibres tangle together and form a mesh in which platelets (small fragments of cells in the blood) and red blood cells get trapped forming a blood clot
What is a Stroke?
1) rapid loss brain function due to DISUPTION in blood supply to brain 2) This can be caused by clot in an artery leading to brain that reduces the blood amount therefore o2 that can reach the brain
Second Stage of Atherosclerosis formation
LDL cholestral in blood damages ENDOTHELICAL WALL of artery where its oxidised. Causes ENDOTHELIUM become damaged and INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (where white blood cells (macrophages) move into the area.
6th stage of Atherosclerosis formation
Deposits of CALCIUM can occur in the SMOOTH MUSCLE underneath the ATHEROMA causing artery HARDEN & LOSE ELASTICITY. THIS IS CALLED ARTHEROSCLEROSIS
5th stage of Atherosclerosis formation
Lipids continue build up underneath FIBROUS CAP and together form ATHEROMA or ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE causing the ARTERY bulge outwards
4th stage of Atherosclerosis formation
More white cells continue build up and the SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL in the THICK MUSCLE layer migrates into endothelium where they EXCRETE things like.... COLLEGEN which leads to FIBROUS CAPS
First Stage of Atherosclerosis formation
The wall of an artery made up several layers and Atherosclerosis develops between SMOOTH MUSCLE & ENDOTHELIAL LAYER
