Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and lung

Which of the following statements regarding symptoms of heart attacks is FALSE?

All people experiencing a heart attack have the same symptoms; they are just not always recognized.

Which of the following can occur when heart valves do not function normally?

Blood can leak backward between heart chambers Blood does not flow through the heart smoothly.

Signs of a heart attack may include discomfort in which of the following?

Jaw Chest

According to the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 campaign, seven health-related behaviors and factors make up the majority of risk for cardiovascular disease.

True

True or false: An intracerebral hemorrhage results from the rupture of an artery within the brain.

True

True or false: People who have a family history of cardiovascular disease may be at greater risk of developing it.

True

True or false: The protective effect against heart disease associated with light consumption of alcoholic beverages appears to be linked to alcohol itself.

True

Type-2 diabetes appears to have both genetic and environmental components.

True

Which of the following would be the best option for preventing cardiovascular disease?

a plant-based diet

Although the various chronic lung diseases have different causes and treatments, they are all characterized by

airway obstruction and shortness of breath.

High triglyceride levels are associated with which of the following?

alcohol consumption excess body fat

Which of the following can prevent, delay, and treat Type-2 diabetes?

all of these are correct

What test evaluates how well the heart functions during strenuous activity?

an exercise stress test

Pain, heaviness, or tightness in the chest, and often in the arm or shoulder, caused by the heart muscle not receiving enough blood is called

angina.

The technique in which a balloon catheter is inserted into an artery and then inflated to stretch it open is called

angioplasty.

Which of the following body shapes is most at risk for heart disease?

apple shape

A change in the normal pattern of the heartbeat is called

arrhythmia.

An irregular heartbeat is called

arrhythmia.

Coronary heart disease is sometimes called coronary ______ disease.

artery

Smoking contributes to the development of ______ by damaging the inner lining of the arteries.

atherosclerosis

What is the process by which arteries become hard and stiff as a result of too much pressure?

atherosclerosis

What is the process by which arteries become hard and thickened due to buildup of cholesterol and other substances on their walls?

atherosclerosis

The waxy, fatty substance that is necessary in small amounts in the body but can be dangerous at high levels is called

cholesterol.

The two most common chronic lung diseases are

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. asthma.

Which of the following can cause heart valve disorders?

congenital abnormalities aging-related processes rheumatic heart disease

Hypertension

connie dianne dominick

The arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle itself are called the arteries.

coronary

What is the term for a blood clot that blocks an artery, which can lead to a heart attack?

coronary thrombosis

Which of the following groups are prone to developing atherosclerosis at a younger age?

diabetics

When the heart relaxes between contractions, the ______ blood pressure is measured.

diastolic

An enlargement of the volume of the heart due to a weakening of the heart muscle is called ______ cardiomyopathy.

dilated

What test uses ultrasound to visualize heart function?

echocardiogram

What is a blood clot that develops at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel, where it becomes lodged and blocks blood flow?

embolism

Diabetes is a disorder of the ________ system and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States.

endocrine

Foods rich in ______ are helpful in lowering cholesterol.

fiber

How many chambers does the heart have?

four

All types of diabetes result in elevated levels of ______ in the blood.

glucose

People with diabetes have higher levels of ______ in their blood, which can damage artery walls.

glucose

LDLs, known as "bad" cholesterol, are clearly associated with which condition?

heart disease

Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply blood to the

heart.

All of the following are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT

high levels of HDL cholesterol.

How does being postmenopausal affect a woman's risk of heart attack and stroke?

increases it

Type-1 diabetes must be treated with ________ replacement.

insulin

The rupture of a blood vessel within the brain is called a(n)

intracerebral hemorrhage

What is the type of stroke that occurs when an artery in the brain becomes blocked?

ischemic

Which type of stroke accounts for 87% of all strokes?

ischemic

Prehypertension

jose robert

normal

keisha

The substances that carry fats through the bloodstream are called

lipoproteins.

Transient ischemic attacks result in

little to no tissue death.

HDL is capable of clearing cholesterol from cells and transporting it back to the____ for recycling.

liver

During congestive heart failure, blood backs up in the

lungs.

Which of the following occurs when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, preventing the heart from getting enough blood?

myocardial infarction

Which of the following are causes of high blood pressure?

obesity genetics low potassium levels

Which of the following are recommended for controlling hypertension?

physical activity moderating alcohol intake weight reduction

The material that accumulates on the artery wall and causes damage and calcification is called

plaque

There is a direct link between ______ and cardiovascular disease.

poverty

Blood____ refers to how hard blood pushes against the walls of the arteries.

pressure

The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs in a process called ______ circulation.

pulmonary

Overweight and obesity can increase the

risk for cardiovascular disease. seriousness of cardiovascular disease.

stroke

severe headache arm numbness slurred speech

Because it usually has no symptoms, hypertension is often called the

silent killer

The primary cause of both chronic bronchitis and emphysema is

smoking

During heart surgery, a coronary ______ is often placed in the blood vessel to keep it open.

stent

Hypertension increases the risk of which of the following?

stroke heart attack kidney disease

A subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 3% of all hemorrhagic

strokes

Ventricular fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia that results in

sudden cardiac death.

When the heart contracts, the ______ blood pressure is measured.

systolic

The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body in a process called ______ circulation.

sytemic

The leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease is ______ use.

tabacco

Congestive heart failure occurs when

the heart is not pumping as well as it should.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy refers to

thickening of a part of the heart.

The leading risk factor for all forms of CVD is

tobacco

Kevin woke up and had difficulty speaking. He went to the hospital and, several hours later, his speech was back to normal. What medical condition best describes Kevin's situation?

transient ischemic attack

Which of the following is sometimes called a "ministroke"?

transient ischemic attacks

High levels of ______ in the blood are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

triglycerides

The term cardiovascular disease covers abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels.

true

Cigarette smokers' risk of heart disease is how much greater than that of nonsmokers?

two to four times

Which of the following categories of food are rich in fiber?

vegetables fruits

What is the arrhythmia that causes the heart to quiver rather than beat?

ventricular fibrillation

heart attack

vomiting arm pain discomfort uncomfortable pressure in chest neck/ jaw pain

What is the recommended limit on sodium intake per day for people with hypertension?

1,500mg

Overweight individuals can lessen their risk of cardiovascular disease by losing ______ of their total weight.

10% to 15%

Joe was told that he had prehypertension. Which of the following is most likely to be his blood pressure measurement?

122/85

Regular screening for hypertension (high-blood pressure) is recommended for individuals over what age?

15

Studies have shown which of the following relationships between alcoholic intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A woman who drinks but less than one full drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD. A man who has a single drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD. A man who has more than two drinks a day increases his risk of CVD.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding asthma?

All of the answers are correct.

Healthy body composition is measured by

BMI

What is the name of the diet plan that is intended to lower high blood pressure?

DASH

What lifestyle decisions will help a person avoid chronic disease?

Eat a heart-healthy diet. Be physically active. Avoid being overweight. Take care of mental health.

Which of the following statements concerning racial factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are true?

Factors other than genetics may play a role in the rates of CVD in different racial groups. The death rate from heart attack has declined less among minority groups and women. Mexican Americans have a higher risk of CVD than Whites.

True or false: As blood is pumped through the chambers of the heart it directly supplies the heart with oxygen and nutrients.

False

True or false: Strokes are the leading cause of severe, long-term disability in the United States.

False

True or false: Whites have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than other groups.

False

Exercise increases the level of ______ (good cholesterol) in the body.

HDL

Which of the following statements concerning family history in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) are true?

High rates of CVD in a family may be related to lifestyle. A family history of sudden cardiac death at a young age may signify a genetic link. High rates of CVD in a family may be related to genetics.

Which of the following are ways that physical activity helps prevent cardiovascular disease?

It helps control diabetes. It helps maintain a healthy weight. It reduces high blood pressure.

What are ways in which smoking can affect cardiovascular health?

Smoking can lead to blood clots in the coronary arteries.

Soy products can help lower

LDL.

Which of the following statements regarding hypertension is true?

Nearly one in three adults in the United States has hypertension.

How is the amount of LDLs in the blood correlated with the presence of atherosclerosis?

The higher the level of LDLs, the higher the risk of atherosclerosis.

The buildup of material on the walls of arteries can cause which of the following?

The speed and amount of blood flow are lessened. Chunks of this material can break off and block the artery.

What is a demographic characteristic true of hypertension?

Women can develop hypertension during pregnancy.

What four behaviors have an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

avoiding tobacco eating a healthy diet being physically active maintaining a healthy BMI

What is a noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is unique to women?

being postmenopausal

To avoid chronic disease, a person should maintain healthy levels of

blood glucose. blood pressure. lipids.

What three health factors should be maintained at healthy levels to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease?

blood pressure blood glucose total cholesterol

Long-term effects of diabetes include damage to

blood vessels. kidneys. vision. nerves.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for ______ in the United States.

both men and women

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a blood vessel rupture that is located on the brain's surface and blood accumulates between the

brain and skull.

Which of the following are ways that poverty increases people's risk for cardiovascular disease?

by limiting access to food and shelter by increasing stress by reducing access to health care

Which of the following are types of blood vessels?

capillaries veins arteries

Which of the following is the by-product of respiration?

carbon dioxide

The ______ system consists of the heart and blood vessels, which together move blood throughout the body.

cardiovascular

The collective term for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels is ______ disease.

cardiovascular

HDL is the "good" cholesterol that provides protection from which disease?

cardiovascular disease

Blocked blood flow to the brain results in a stroke, or

cerebrovascular accident.

Health care providers are less likely to consider a diagnosis of heart disease in which gender?

women

A primary reason that women have higher death rates from CVD than men is that

women are less likely to have symptoms and seek treatment.

Classic heart attack symptoms are less likely to appear in

women.

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for Type-2 diabetes?

young age