Cardiovascular System Checkpoint questions

A cross section of tissue shows several small, thin walled vessels with very little smooth muscle tissue in the tunica media. which type of vessels are theses?

Veins. Arteries and arterioles have a large amount of smooth muscle tissue in a thick, well-developed tunica media.

Name the blood vessels that enter and exit the lungs, and note whether they contain primarily oxygenated or oxygenated blood.

The pulmonary arteries enter the lungs carrying deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary veins leave the lungs carrying oxygenated blood.

What effect would relaxation of precapillary sphincters have on the blood flow through a tissue?

The relaxation of precapillary sphincters would increase blood flow through a tissue.

What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the cardiovascular system.

The skeletal system provides calcium needed for normal cardiac muscle contraction, and it protects blood cells from developing in the RBM. The cardiovascular system provides calcium and phosphate for bone formation, delivers erythopoietin to RBM and transports parathyroid hormone and calcitonin to osteoblasts and osteoclassts.

Define aneurysm

A bulge in a weakened arterial wall resulting from sudden pressure increases.

In a healthy person, where is BP greater, at the aorta or at the inferior vena cava? Explain.

Aorta-blood leaving the heart- Blood moves along a pressure gradient from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

ID components of the cardiovascular system that are affected by age.

Blood, heart, blood vessels.

Explain the rose of aldosterone and ADH in long term restoration of BV.

Both aldosterone and ADH promote fluid retention and re-absorption at the kidneys preventing further reduction in BV

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

CO increases and resistance in "nonessential" visceral tissues increases.

ID the three general functional patterns of the body's blood vessels.

1. Nearly identical peripheral distributions of arteries and veins on the body's left and right sides (except near the heart) 2. Several names for a single vessel as it crosses specific anatomical boundaries (making accurate anatomical descriptions possible) 3. The servicing of tissues and organs by several arteries and veins.

Define thrombus

A stationary blood clot within the lumen of a blood vessel.

Describe the general distribution of major arteries and veins in the neck and limbs. What functional advantage does this distribution provide?

Arteries in the neck and limbs are located deep beneath the skin, protected by bones and surrounding the soft tissues. veins in these sites follow two courses, one superficial, and one deep. this dual venous drainage helps control body temp, blood flow through superficial veins promotes heat loos, blood flow through deep veins conserves body heat.

List the five general classes of blood vessels

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins

Why would compression of the common carotid arteries cause a person to lose consciousness?

Compression of the common carotid arteries would decrease BP at the carotid sinus and cause a rapid reduction in blood flow to the brain resulting in a loss of consciousness.

A blockage of which branch of the aortic arch would interfere with blood flow to the left arm?

Left subclavian artery

How would applying slight pressure to the common carotid artery affect your heart rate?

Pressure on the common carotid artery would decrease BP at the carotid sinus. this decrease would cause the cardioacceleratory center in the medulla oblonata to increase sympathetic stimulation.

ID the two circuits of the cardiovascular system

Pulmonary and systemic

What effect would the vasoconstriction of the renal artery have on BP and BV?

Renal artery vasoconstriction would decrease both blood pressure and flow at the kidney. In response, the kidney would increase the amount of renin it releases, which would lead to and increase in the level of angiotensin II. the angiotensin II would bring about both increased BP and BV.

Trace the path of a drop of blood through the lungs, beginning at the right ventricle and ending at the left atrium.

Right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left and right pulmonary arteries, pulmonary arterioles, alveolar capillaries, pulmonary venules, pulmonary veins, left atrium.

Grace is an automobile accident, and her celiac trunk is ruptured. Which organs will be affected most directly by this injury?

Rupture of the celiac truct would most directly affect te stomach, spleen, liver, and pancreas.

Describe what the cardiovascular system provides for all other body systems.

Th cardiovascular system has blood vessels that provide extensive anatomical connections between it and all other organ systems. functionally, it transports dissolved gases nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes; regulates pH and ion composition of interstitial fluid; restricts fluid loss at injury sites; defends against toxins and pathogens; stabilizes body temp.

Name the immediate and long term problems related to the cardiovascular response to hemorrhaging.

The immediate problem during hemorrhaging is maintaining adequate BP and peripheral blood flow. The long term problem is restoring normal BV.

Why are valves found in veins, but not in arteries?

The very low blood pressure in the venous circulation makes the movement of blood against the force of gravity difficult. blood flow within peripheral veins depends on the contractions of skeletal muscle to propel the blood, and on valves to prevent blood from backing up.

Describe the actions of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors.

Vasodialators increase blood flow locally by promoting dilation of precapillary sphincters. Vasoconstrictors decrease local blood flow by constricting precapillary sphincters.

ID the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance.

Vascular resistance, vessel length, vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and turbulence.

While standing in the hot sun, Sally begins to feel light headed and the faints. Explain what happened.

While standing, blood pooled in her lower extremities, decreasing venous return to the heart. CO decreased, less blood reached her brain, causing lightheartedness and fainting. A hot day adds to this effect because the loos of body water through sweating releases BV.