Careers Final Exam

The model that emphasizes the value of individual learning experiences over the lifespan is supported by which author's theory? a. Krumboltz b. Holland c. Peterson d. Super

a. Krumboltz

Identify an early supporter of integrating career and personal concerns and who suggested a blending of career and personal concerns that are to be addressed by career counselors and viewed as occupational mental health. a. Osipow b. Ginzberg c. Crites d. Super

a. Osipow

The term culture has generated a number of different interpretations that suggest culture is: a. a learned behavior. b. a behavior that cannot be changed. c. a totally inherited behavior. d. primarily obtained through work experiences.

a. a learned behavior.

One of the significant requirements of the Americans with Disability Act is: a. accommodations are to be provided for all individuals with a disability. b. accommodations are only provided for individuals in wheelchairs. c. people with disabilities are to be treated like everyone else. d. accommodations are only required for the blind.

a. accommodations are to be provided for all individuals with a disability.

One of the major concerns found with the use of computers in career counseling was: a. confidentiality. b. self-estimate items. c. client satisfaction. d. cost.

a. confidentiality.

A recognition and endorsement of an individual's unique beliefs that were developed and influenced by socio-cultural events and experiences refers to: a. cultural relativism. b. cultural family life. c. cultural inheritance. d. cultural lifestyle.

a. cultural relativism.

The NCDG are competency based, thus students are to acquire knowledge and demonstrate a level of awareness as well as demonstrate how the information learned can be used for: a. dealing with future challenges. b. the initial career choice. c. improving their grades. d. selecting career information.

a. dealing with future challenges.

When interviewing culturally different clients, a major objective is to: a. determine their level of acculturation. b. determine their interests and aptitude. c. determine their family structure. d. determine their best skills.

a. determine their level of acculturation.

Learning memory strategies is a very important part of: a. efficiency in processing information. b. Super's stages of development. c. personality development. d. values and aptitude development.

a. efficiency in processing information.

The major purpose of CACG is to: a. enhance the efforts of the career counselor. b. make decisions for clients. c. eliminate oversight of the career counselor. d. eliminate the use of hard copy information.

a. enhance the efforts of the career counselor.

The term that suggests that there are universal truths across cultures is: a. etic. b. ethnocentrism. c. emic. d. egocentrism.

a. etic.

Role conflicts experienced by dual career families most often involve: a. family and work roles. b. spousal and leisure role. c. parental and spousal roles. d. leisure and work roles.

a. family and work roles.

During the process of puberty: a. girls tend to grow faster than boys. b. there is no difference between spurts of growth. c. the research is not clear on this subject. d. boys tend to grow faster than girls.

a. girls tend to grow faster than boys.

Research suggests that students who benefit most from CACG interventions were those who: a. had a sense of purpose. b. were enthusiastic about career planning. c. had basic computer skills. d. were indecisive.

a. had a sense of purpose.

An irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance of sexual minorities is known as: a. homophobia. b. sexual elitism. c. sexual stereotyping. d. heterosexists assumption.

a. homophobia.

The number of companies and organizations supporting sexual minority associations has: a. increased. b. predicted more study for determining support. c. decreased. d. recorded no significant changes.

a. increased.

The hallmark of career and technology education is: a. integrating classroom and on the job instruction. b. immediate placement on a job in the local community. c. teaching critical thinking for use on a job. d. teaching problem solving skills for future use on a job.

a. integrating classroom and on the job instruction.

In the whole person approach to interviewing, one is to focus on: a. interrelationships of concerns. b. personality disorders. c. the influence of globalization on the job market. d. the current job market.

a. interrelationships of concerns.

PEC theory emphasizes that: a. job satisfaction is related to work reinforcers. b. job satisfaction is completely related to family compatibility. c. job satisfaction is primarily the responsibility of the manager. d. job satisfaction is completely determined by wages.

a. job satisfaction is related to work reinforcers.

What impact did World War II have on the career counseling movement? a. life transitions were addressed--from military to civilian life b. the Smith-Hughes Act was passed c. the first national conference on career counseling took place d. ability tests were introduced

a. life transitions were addressed--from military to civilian life

Which of the following occurred during World War I? a. measurement movement b. the Great Depression and job loss c. writing of the first developmental theories d. the Women's Movement

a. measurement movement

Counselors who work with individuals with disabilities can be most effective advocates by: a. meeting with local business leaders in an advocacy role. b. publishing in journals. c. submitting news stories about people with disabilities. d. speaking to professional associations.

a. meeting with local business leaders in an advocacy role.

The most important life role for a worker is: a. not one role, but rather a balance among life roles. b. the leisure role. c. a combination of the work and citizen roles. d. the course of the work role as it develops over time.

a. not one role, but rather a balance among life roles.

The degree to which a test score is dependable refers to: a. reliability. b. standard deviation. c. validity. d. mean.

a. reliability.

Which of the following would be an example of an impediment to goal establishment? a. the client invests minimal time and effort toward succeeding b. the client has clear-cut goals and objectives c. the client has committed to one alternative d. the client's affect is congruent with the client's problem

a. the client invests minimal time and effort toward succeeding

The trend that men worked in factories and women worked primarily as homemakers was established during: a. the rise of industrialism. b. the Great Depression. c. World War I. d. World War II.

a. the rise of industrialism.

The major influences that drive behavior are: a. psychological and social influences. b. biological, psychological, and social influences. c. biological and psychological influences. d. biological influences.

b. biological, psychological, and social influences.

Among the most important early activities of elementary school counselors is: a. securing personal files of students. b. building support for career-related programs. c. ordering assessment instruments. d. inventorying career development materials.

b. building support for career-related programs.

A controversial issue that has long been associated with interests inventories is: a. relationships between interests and attitude. b. construct validity. c. measurement format. d. gender bias.

b. construct validity.

Ethnic groups can be characterized as: a. having the same beliefs, values, interests, personalities, and worldviews. b. cultural groups within which there are individual differences. c. homogenous. d. having exactly the same work values.

b. cultural groups within which there are individual differences.

Work experiences in early career may: a. not influence a worker's perceptions of the work role. b. establish enduring influences about work and relationships. c. have enduring influences on one's family life. d. have some temporary influence about work and relationships.

b. establish enduring influences about work and relationships.

The Career Beliefs, Career Thoughts, and My Vocational Situation inventories are considered measures of: a. factors associated with a client's lifestyle. b. factors that are associated with undecided and indecisive clients. c. a client's educational and abilities level. d. a client's level of occupational and self knowledge.

b. factors that are associated with undecided and indecisive clients.

Schlossberg's types of career transitions are anticipated, unanticipated, chronic hassles, and events that do not happen. What does the last one entail? a. hostile boss reactions b. getting a promotion c. being fired d. being transferred

b. getting a promotion

Self-esteem during the middle school years: a. does not change very much. b. is greatly affected by peer rejection. c. is not influenced very easily. d. is considered to be enduring.

b. is greatly affected by peer rejection.

To become an affirmative sexual minority counselor, one should: a. use familiar counseling techniques. b. learn about gay issues and accumulate resources. c. discuss HIV issues with gay clients. d. personally approve of g/l/b/t lifestyles.

b. learn about gay issues and accumulate resources.

Studies dealing with the effects of competition in the workplace indicate that: a. men are not socialized to be competitive. b. men validate their masculinity in competition in the workplace. c. women are mildly competitive. d. women are more competitive than men.

b. men validate their masculinity in competition in the workplace.

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life: a. is an expression of career maturity. b. results from expression of one's vocational self-concept. c. represents verification of one's personal modal style. d. is primarily influenced by one's vocational orientation.

b. results from expression of one's vocational self-concept.

The overall guiding principle of ethical standards is: a. freedom of speech. b. the welfare of the client. c. responsible civic behavior. d. the rights of counselors.

b. the welfare of the client.

The assumption that individuals have unique patterns of ability which can be measured and matched with jobs is a key concept of: a. developmental theory. b. trait-and-factor theory. c. self-concept theory. d. construct theory.

b. trait-and-factor theory

Information processing skills can be identified with the principles of: a. Super's developmental stages. b. working memory. c. Piaget's propositions. d. personality types.

b. working memory.

One of the leading private agencies that trains and sponsors individuals with disabilities is: a. Salvation Army. b. Volunteers of America. c. Goodwill Industries of America. d. Jewish Vocational Services.

c. Goodwill Industries of America.

Which one of the following statements about human behavior is most significant for integrating career and personal concerns? a. Human behavior needs to be reinforced. b. Human behavior is strictly a sociological matter. c. Human behavior is multidimensional. d. Human behavior is one dimensional.

c. Human behavior is multidimensional.

Which of the career theorists can best be identified with the following statements? "...personal problems cannot be separated from career problems." "...belief systems and interests are interrelated in the career counseling process." a. Gottfredson b. Holland c. Krumboltz d. Super

c. Krumboltz

Life roles are identified with which one of the following career theorists? a. Gottfredson b. Krumboltz c. Super d. Roe

c. Super

The onset of attraction to the same sex usually occurs during: a. early childhood. b. mid-40s. c. adolescence. d. early 20s.

c. adolescence.

Life roles of multicultural groups: a. are more individually oriented than European and American societies. b. resemble middle class America. c. are determined by unique cultural socialization. d. are driven by common customs and beliefs.

c. are determined by unique cultural socialization

Basic forces in human development suggest that behavior is influenced by: a. life course events. b. biological factors. c. biopsychosocial factors. d. psychological factors.

c. biopsychosocial factors.

According to the LTCC model, how should assessment results be utilized? a. as a means to identify areas for future training b. as a basis for career decision making c. both as a basis for career decision making, and as a means to identify areas for future training d. neither as a basis for career decision making, nor as a means to identify areas for future training.

c. both as a basis for career decision making, and as a means to identify areas for future training

Parson's outstanding contribution to the career counseling movement was his: a. method of measuring aptitudes for immigrants. b. research on career development of children. c. conceptual framework for helping an individual select a career. d. speech at the first national conference on vocational guidance.

c. conceptual framework for helping an individual select a career.

Dual career families are more likely to: a. have three or more children. b. have more stereotypical attitudes. c. experience less stereotypical behaviors. d. have high levels of depression.

c. experience less stereotypical behaviors.

Changing work roles will require many future workers to be: a. dual career oriented. b. knowledgeable about scientific careers. c. flexible and adaptable. d. interested in a wide variety of jobs.

c. flexible and adaptable.

One's ability to process career information during adolescence is characterized as: a. greatly improved but not anywhere near adult levels. b. somewhat improved. c. having achieved adult like-levels. d. having very little difference from elementary students.

c. having achieved adult like-levels.

To help clients deal with the effects of stress during career transitions, counselors can be more effective by: a. providing career resources. b. referring clients to computer-generated information. c. helping clients build coping strategies. d. offering family counseling.

c. helping clients build coping strategies.

Which of the following is associated with intense competition in both women and men? a. increased honesty with colleagues b. increased collaboration with other workers c. increased work anxiety d. job satisfaction

c. increased work anxiety

Vocational goals for students in elementary school reflect: a. local career advising programs. b. career education competencies. c. interrelationship of all educational goals. d. career-generated activities.

c. interrelationship of all educational goals.

What is the likely impact of early onset of a disability? a. low exposure to occupations b. low self-esteem throughout the lifespan c. low assertiveness d. low intelligence

c. low assertiveness

Recent research suggests that a significant number of the unemployed have experienced: a. post-traumatic stress syndrome. b. the inability to sleep adequately. c. mental health problems. d. moderate anxiety.

c. mental health problems.

Ethical standards for counseling have been developed by: a. the U.S. Department of Education. b. State Departments of Education. c. professional associations. d. the Department of Labor.

c. professional associations.

The National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee had four basic functions. Identify one of them from the following: a. establish regulations for certifying counselors b. administer interstate trade agreements c. provide labor market information d. establish counselor training programs

c. provide labor market information

One of the career development programs currently used at universities that should increase in popularity is: a. visits by industries to fill key jobs. b. credit courses in career development for freshmen. c. providing students with actual work experience. d. placement activities from the private sector.

c. providing students with actual work experience.

Informed consent in career counseling ethical standards refers to: a. career information that will be used to determine the client's fit with an occupation. b. the referral resource that will be available to the client. c. the purpose, goals , and procedures in the counseling relationship. d. testing material that will be used in several stages of the choice process.

c. the purpose, goals , and procedures in the counseling relationship.

The ASCA standards contain an overriding goal attached to employment readiness of high school students that is designed to prepare them for: a. understanding employers' responsibility to workers. b. preparing a resume to present to prospect employers. c. understanding the importance of accepting responsibility. d. learning how to do an interview for a prospective job.

c. understanding the importance of accepting responsibility.

Ethical competence is assured: a. when one has been hired for a counseling position. b. when one is promoted as a staff member. c. when one presents evidence of his or her qualifications. d. when one has worked as a counselor for several years.

c. when one presents evidence of his or her qualifications.

The primary responsibility for career development in industrial organizations is the responsibility of the: a. personnel office. b. workers' manager. c. workers. d. career coaches.

c. workers.

What is the significant connection between career maturity and identity? a. A stabilized identity suggests one has adequate career decision skills. b. A stabilized identity suggests that one is completely prepared to make a decision. c. A stabilized identity suggests that one has good interrelationship skills. d. A stabilized identity suggests that there is also career maturity.

d. A stabilized identity suggests that there is also career maturity.

To be assured that an inventory measures the factors associated with career development, one is to evaluate which type of validity? a. criterion b. content c. concurrent d. construct

d. Construct

Prestige and sex type are variables in the theory of: a. Holland. b. Krumboltz. c. Super. d. Gottfredson.

d. Gottfredson.

The career development theory which includes genetic endowments, special abilities, environmental conditions, and events is by the following author: a. Gottfredson b. Holland c. Super d. Krumboltz

d. Krumboltz

Which of the following is known for cognitive development of children? a. Ginzberg b. Super c. Holland d. Piaget

d. Piaget

Which of the following is recommended for counselors by the Multicultural Career Counseling Model for Ethnic Women? a. The counselor should emphasize individualistic career decision making. b. The counselor is to be aware of the client's racial identity. c. Negative factors, such as discrimination, should be avoided. d. The counselor should be aware of many worldviews.

d. The counselor should be aware of many worldviews.

Career counselors are particularly focused on: a. the family interaction of cultural groups. b. the client's cultural origin. c. the largest of cultural groups in residence. d. all variables that influence career/skills development.

d. all variables that influence career/skills development.

One of the major goals of interviewing is to identify: a. intellectual potential. b. past work experiences. c. the influence of family interactions. d. barriers to career choice and development.

d. barriers to career choice and development.

Which of the following is thought to be a major contributing factor to the viewpoint that career and personal counseling are distinct and separate entities? a. personal counseling requires more training than career counseling b. all career counselors do is administer tests and help someone find a job c. different training courses and certification of counselors d. counselors are to choose between being personal or career counselors

d. counselors are to choose between being personal or career counselors

One's initial reaction to career transition is similar to: a. moving from early career to mid-career. b. stressful reaction in late career. c. stress reaction when taking a test. d. crisis situations.

d. crisis situations.

Which one of the following is a violation of ADA? a. small business owner refuses to make very expensive accommodations b. employer requires all applicants to take a typing test c. employer who asks if the client can perform on the job in question d. employer refuses to restructure a job to accommodate a person with a disability

d. employer refuses to restructure a job to accommodate a person with a disability

Which of the following groups are described as particularly highly anxious, fearful, guilty, and self-loathing in the sexual minority population? a. gay older males b. lesbian black females c. bisexual adults d. gay/lesbian adolescents

d. gay/lesbian adolescents

A major goal is to provide a workplace where women and men can effectively work together. One outstanding factor that has long been a barrier to a fair and balanced work climate is: a. poor management. b. a severe recession. c. the global job market. d. gender stereotyping.

d. gender stereotyping.

The Job Bank is associated with the U.S. Employment Services and provides listing of job orders in: a. the government sector. b. the local community only. c. only major industries. d. one's state of residence.

d. one's state of residence.

Moving from childhood to adolescence is characterized by which of the following? a. developmental tasks increase one's vulnerability b. career development is not involved with person concerns c. one is particularly susceptible to psychological disorders d. one's vulnerability to personal problems is heightened

d. one's vulnerability to personal problems is heightened

Ethical standards: a. cover all violations of conduct. b. outline most behavior patterns that are unethical. c. answer all questions about ethics. d. provide guidelines for ethical behavior.

d. provide guidelines for ethical behavior.

Research suggests that users of computer-assisted career guidance systems: a. find them to be more effective than traditional sources of information. b. are still somewhat inhibited from using systems and fear the use of technology. c. are not satisfied with computers as a guidance tool. d. respond favorably to the career options generated by the system.

d. respond favorably to the career options generated by the system.

Significant contextual experiences are: a. considered as minor influences on developmental issues. b. not important variables in personality development. c. sole determiners of career choice. d. socialization experiences that influence self perceptions.

d. socialization experiences that influence self perceptions.

Which career counseling model has a counseling goal of helping a person determine their optimal career fit? a. developmental b. cognitive information processing c. learning theory d. trait/factor and PEF

d. trait/factor and PEF

That the test measures what it purports to measure refers to: a. mean. b. reliability. c. standard deviation. d. validity.

d. validity.

The major concern involving computer-generated interpretive statements is their: a. reliability. b. vagueness. c. grammatical errors. d. validity.

d. validity.